Errors in Cell Division

ERRORS IN CELL DIVISION
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
• Identify disorders and diseases that result from the malfunction of

the cell during the cell cycle (STEM_BIO11/12-Id-f-10).
CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS
• Once there is an Addition, Deletion,

Translocation, and Non-disjunction of a
piece or a whole chromosome, chromosomal
mutation occurs. And it is a chromosomal
abnormality. And once mitosis is not
controlled unlimited cell division will occur
that will result to a disorder or disease.
ERRORS IN MEIOSIS
• Activity 1. Identifying Errors in Meiosis I
A. • B.
ERRORS IN MEIOSIS
C. D.
Disorders/Diseases caused by chromosomal
abnormality
• Down syndrome is a genetic

condition where a person is
born with an extra copy of
chromosome 21. This means
that they have a total of 47
chromosomes instead of 46.
This can affect how their
brain and body develop.
abnormality
• Edwards syndrome is a
genetic condition in babies
that causes severe disability.
It is caused by an extra copy
of chromosome 18 and
babies born with the
condition usually do not
survive for much longer than
a week.
abnormality
Mosaic T16
• Trisomy 16 is a chromosomal
abnormality in which there are
3 copies of chromosome
16 rather than two. It is the
most common trisomy leading
to miscarriage
abnormality
• Patau's syndrome is a
serious, rare genetic disorder
caused by having an
additional copy of
chromosome 13 in some or
all of the body's cells.
abnormality
• Turner syndrome, a condition that

affects only females, results when
one of the X chromosomes (sex
chromosomes) is missing or
partially missing. Turner syndrome
can cause a variety of medical and
developmental problems,
including short height, failure of
the ovaries to develop and heart
defects.
• Klinefelter syndrome is a common
genetic condition in which people
assigned male at birth have an
additional X chromosome.
Symptoms may include breast
growth, infertility, osteoporosis
and learning difficulties.
• It often isn't diagnosed until
adulthood. Klinefelter syndrome
may adversely affect testicular
growth, resulting in smaller than
normal testicles, which can lead to
lower production of testosterone
• Jacobs syndrome is a rare genetic
abnormality in which a male receives
an extra Y chromosome from his
father. While many patients go
undiagnosed due to mild symptoms,
the disease does seem to confer an
increased risk for certain comorbid
conditions such as asthma, seizure
disorders, autism spectrum disorder,
learning disabilities, and behavioral
problems.
• Cri du chat syndrome (CdCS or 5p-) is a
rare genetic disorder in which a variable
portion of the short arm of chromosome 5 is
missing or deleted. Common symptoms
include a distinctive cry that resembles the
mewing of a cat, characteristic facial
features, slow growth, and microcephaly.
Affected children also exhibit delays in the
acquisition of skills requiring the
coordination of muscular and mental
activities (psychomotor disability) and
moderate to severe intellectual disability.
Additional symptoms affecting different
organ systems of the body can also occur.
Most cases are thought arise from
spontaneous (de novo) genetic errors very
early in embryonic development.
• In Robertsonian translocation, the two long arms of two
separate acrocentric chromosomes fuse to create one chromosome.
The short arms are usually lost. Chromosomes 13 and 14, 13 and
21, or 21 and 22 fusing are the most common forms of
Robertsonian translocation.
Errors in Meiosis
• These are disorder resulting from non-disjunction of

homologous chromosomes. The result of this error is a
cell with an imbalance of chromosomes. Such a cell is
said to be “aneuploid”. Aneuploidy, an extra or missing
chromosome is a common cause of genetic disorders
(birth defects).
Some examples of abnormalities that
chromosome analysis may reveal are:
• 1. Trisomy - the presence of an extra chromosome, a third instead of a

pair.
• 2. Monosomy - the absence of one of the chromosomes.
• 3. Deletions -These are missing pieces of chromosomes and/or genetic
material. Some may be small and difficult to be detected.
• 4. Translocations -with these, pieces of chromosomes break off and
reattach to another chromosome. If it is a one-to-one switch and all the
genetic material is present (but in the wrong place), it is said to be a
balanced translocation. If it is not, then it is called an unbalanced
translocation.

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ERRORS IN CELL DIVISION

• Identify disorders and diseases that result from the malfunction of

• Once there is an Addition, Deletion,

• Down syndrome is a genetic

• Turner syndrome, a condition that

• These are disorder resulting from non-disjunction of

• 1. Trisomy - the presence of an extra chromosome, a third instead of a

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