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TLE Reviewer Q2-1 compressed

grade 10 subjects (Justice Cecilia Munoz- Palma H. S.)

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TLE 10 Quarter 2
Reviewer

Unlocking of Difficulties ➢ Video Recognition Device - captures

real-time video images and sent it over
Alphanumeric - Refers to the characteristic of a the internet to be displayed on the
keying device that consists of both letters and screen of computer
numerals Ex: Webcam, cctv camera
Digital - Are electronic tools, devices, and
resources that generate, store, or process data
with computer technology
Peripheral Devices - are any internal or external
device that connects directly to a computer
Touchscreen - is a display device which allow the
user to interact with the computer by touching ➢ Touch Screen Devices - Are used to
areas on the screen interact with the computer through a
touch-sensitive screen using the
fingers.
Input Devices Ex: smartphone, tablet, smartboard
➢ Keying Devices - Are used for
entering data using set of alphanumeric
keys, special keys, and function keys.
Ex: Keyboard and keypad
Output Devices
➢ Monitor - is the most recognized
output device that displays processed
data or information on a screen
Ex: CRT (Cathode Ray Tude), LCD (Liquid
Crystal Display), Led (Light Emitting Diode)
➢ Pointing Devices - Specify and select
items on your computer screen
Ex: Mouse, Joystick, light pen,trackball

➢ Projector - Is also an optical device

that projects that corresponding image
➢ Sound Communication Device -
or video onto a surface
Inputs Voice and music into the
Ex:
computer that is then stored in a digital
❖ DLP (Digital Light
form
Processing) - uses tiny
Ex: Microphone, headset
mirrors that reflect light
towards the screen
❖ LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
- Uses 3 Liquid crystal display,

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TLE 10 Quarter 2
Reviewer
which image is created through multiple Process Device
steps.
➢ Cpu or Processor,
❖ LED (Light emitting
this is the brain of
diode) - Uses low-heat,
the computer. It
low energy process of
does most of the
semiconduction to
processing of data
generate energy,
and instructions for the entire system.
creating an electric signal which gives
It interprets and carries out the basic
off a particle of light.
instructions to operate a computer
➢ AMD and Intel are the
➢ Printer - transform pictures, text, and
most popular brands of
information from the computer into
processors in the market
printed or hardcopy version.
nowadays.
Ex: Plotter, Inkjet Printer, Laser printer,
➢ Control Unit (CU) - part
thermal Printer, Dot matrix Printer, Line
of the hardware that is
printer
in-charge of directing the
computer system to execute stored
program instructions and
communicates with other parts of the
hardware
➢ Arithmetic/Logical Unit (ALU) -
Performs arithmetic
operation. Performs
logical operations.

Nowadays, processors
have multiple cores
called Multi-core
processors. This means
➢ Audio output device - produce sound
that the processor is a
from audio data processed in the
single chips that has two
computer system. Sounds generated
or more separate processors.
from these devices are either audible to
the human ear or ensures personal
Process Device
privacy.
A heat sink consists of
Ex: speaker, headset, headphone, earphone
metal fins that draw
heat away from a
component. The fan
and heat sink together
are called the
processor cooler

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TLE 10 Quarter 2
Reviewer
Storage device - Static RAM (SRAM) -
this king is faster and
Types of storage devices
more reliable than any
❖ Primary memory storage - short term
form of dram. This does
❖ Secondary storage - long term
not need to be
re-energized

- Magnetoresistive
Primary Memory storage (RAM) - This kind stores
➢ Random Access data using magnetic
Memory (RAM) - charges instead of
Short term memory electrical charges
(Volatile)
➢ Read only Secondary Storage
memory (ROM) - Compared with memory, offers the advantages
non-volatile and of nonvolatility, greater capacity, and greater
provide permanent economy for long-term storage
storage for data Ex:
that do not change ➢ Magnetic Tapes -
➢ Cache Memory - Primarily for storing
High speed backups of critical
memory that a organizational data.
processor can ➢ Hard disk Drive -
access more Permanent storage used
rapidly than main memory to hold data and
programs
➢ Solid state drive drive -
performs the same basic
function as a hard drive,
but stores data in memory
chips rather than magnetic
or optical media.

Types of secondary storage

optical/compact disks
Kinds of optical disks:
Types of RAM Read only memory (ROM)
- Dynamic RAM - write one
(DRAM) - this kind Read and write (RW)
of RAM needs to - Writable disks
be recharged by
the CPU. it loses Compact disk
its contents. Capacity: 740 mb
Digital Versatile disk (DVD)

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TLE 10 Quarter 2
Reviewer
Capacity: 6x of CD TERABYTE (TB) - 1024 GB, like hard drive, solid
Blu-ray disk state drive
Capacity: 3x of DVD
Data conversion
Flash disk drive - it is a plug-and-play portable
storage device that uses 1024 Kilobytes (KB) = 1 Megabyte (MB)
flash memory and is 1024 Megabytes (MB) = 1 Gigabyte (GB)
lightweight enough to
attach to a keychain.

Storage Capacity Conversion 1. How

many MB
are there in
Unit Storage
2048 KB?
Bit MB = KB/1024
MB = 2048/1024
Byte 8 BITS MB = 2MB
Kilobyte (KB) 1024 BYTES

MegaByte (MB) 1024 KB

2. How many GB are there in 4,096 MB?
Gigabyte (GB) 1024 MB GB = MB/1024
Terabyte (TB) 1024 GB GB = 4096/1024
GB = 4GB
Petabyte (PT) 1024 TB

Exabyte (EB) 1024 PT

Zettabyte (ZB) 1024 ZB 3. How many GB are there in 20,000 KB?

GB = KB /(1024 X 1024)
Yottabyte (YB) 1024 YB = 20,000 / 1,048,576
= 0.019 GB
Digital storage - uses binary system where
everything is saved as 1 and 0
BIT (Binary Digit) - A smallest unit of data in a 4. How many KB are there in 4GB
computer KB = GB x (1024 x
BYTE - 8 BITS (01011011), an Enough space for a 1024)
single letter or symbol = 4 x 1,028,576
KILOBYTE (KB) - 1024 BYTES, Enough space for KB = 4,194,304
about ⅓ page text, floppy disk
Low quality of picture 5. Convert 2.5 GB into KB
MEGABYTE (MB) - 1024 KB, enough space for KB = GB x (1024 x
about 1 book, Cd 1024)
GIGABYTE (GB) - 1024 MB, enough space for = 2.5 x 1,048,576
1,000 books = 2, 621, 440

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TLE 10 Quarter 2
Reviewer

Decimal to Binary Conversion Internal Parts of System Unit

System Unit
1024 516 256 1 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
2 A rectangular box that
8 houses and protects the
internal components.
1. 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1
Motherboard
2. 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 ● Often called as
Circuit board,
3. 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 system board, or
MOBO
● Considered as the
“Backbone” of the
computer where all
1. 2. 3.
typical hardware components are
attached
➢ Form factor
A specification of a motherboard - the
dimensions, power supply type, location of
mounting holes, number of ports in back panel,
etc.

Binary to Decimal Conversion

1. 101011001 = 345
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
● The processor also
called the Central
processing unit
● A hardware that
carries out the
2. 11101111 = 239 instructions of a computer program by
performing the basic arithmetical,
logical, and input/output operations of
the system
Two types of CPUs
➢ 32-bit CPU - older processor
➢ 64-bit CPU - more efficient than 32-bit

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TLE 10 Quarter 2
Reviewer
Random Access memory - an expansion card which generates a
● A Volatile memory feel of output images to a display
and requires power ➢ Sound card
to keep the data - add the ability to
accessible. If the output or receive audio
computer is turned ➢ Network Card
off, all data contained - Provides the ability
in RAM is lost to connect wired
Types of RAM network connections
➢ Single Inline Memory Module (SIMM) to a computer
➢ Rambus Dynamic Random Access ➢ USB port card
Memory (RDRAM) - Provides additional
➢ Synchronous Dynamic Random Access USB ports for various
Memory Dual in-line Memory Modules media storage
(SDRAM DIMM)
➢ Double Data Rate Synchronous
Random Access Memory (DRR
SDRAM) Optical Disk Drive (ODD)
➢ Double Data Rate Synchronous ● Allows us to use CDs,
Random Access Memory (DDR2 DVDs, and Blu-ray
SDRAM) Discs to listen to music
➢ Double Data Rate Synchronous or to watch a movie
Random Access Memory (DDR3 ● Most of it allows you to
SDRAM) write a data to a disc, you can create
➢ Double Data Rate Synchronous your own music CDs, video DVDs or
Random Access Memory (DDR4 even create of back-up copy of a file
SDRAM)
Power supply
Expansion Cards ● A hardware device
● Internal cards that give that converts AC
a computer additional electricity into DC
capabilities such as: electricity and then
Enhanced distributes it to the rest of the computer.
video
performance Cooling fan
Receive audio from external ● A computer fan is any fan inside, or
devices attached to a computer case used for
Faster type of network active cooling
connectivity System case fan CPU heatsink
and fan
View broadcasted channels,
and others
➢ Graphic card
- Also called as a
video card/adapter

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TLE 10 Quarter 2
Reviewer
Peripheral ports keyboard port, was developed by IBM
● Used to connect a computer mouse or
Technical terms
keyboard to an IBM compatible
● Port - interference between an
computer
electronic device and another
● Green = mouse, purple = keyboard
peripheral device
● Cable - pathway for transmitting
DVI PORT
electric power or telecommunication
● Digital Visual
signals from one device to another
Interface is a
● Connector - for electrically connecting
video display
or disconnecting circuits by hand
interface.
● Can used in
Back Panel Ports and Cables
TVs, but HDMI is commonly used

Parallel port
● A 25-pin computer
interface commonly used
to connect Old Printers
to the computer

VGA port
● Video Graphics Adapter
or Video Graphics Array.
Provides 640 x 480
Modern Ports resolution color display
Display port Means screens with a fresh rate of 60 Hz and
Digital display 16 colors displayed at a time
interface. Used to
transmit audio, USB, USB port
and other forms of ● 3.0 is a universal serial
data Bus (USB) standard,
released in november
High Definition 2008
Multimedia Interface ● Most new computers and
(HDMI) simultaneously devices being
transmitting visual and manufactured today support USB 3.0
audio data via the same LAN port
cable ● Referred as Ethernet port,
network connection, and
PS/2 (Personal System/2) network port
● Also referred as ● LAN port allows a computer
mouse port or to connect to a network
using a wired connection

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TLE 10 Quarter 2
Reviewer

2.0 USB port

● USB 2.0 was
released in april
2000 and was
stated to have a
data transfer rate of
up to 40 Mbps

Line in
● Referred as audio in and sound in that
enable a user to connect an external
audio device
● Intended for music player or other
audio devices

Line out
● Referred as audio output and sound
output
● It allows external speakers,
headphones, or other output devices to
be connected to the computer

Mic
● Port use to insert Microphone

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