PAM8406

ALTERNATIVE 5W STEREO AUDIO AMPLIFIER

Description Pin Assignments

The PAM8406 is a 5W audio amplifier with an alternative option
between Class-D and Class-AB output, which makes the device very
ideal for efficiency-EMI compatible applications. +OUT_L +OUT_R

16
1

PAM8406
XATYWWLL
The PAM8406’s low THD+N and high SNR allow it to achieve high- PGNDL PGNDR
quality sound reproduction. The device’s fully differential output with
-OUT_L -OUT_R
new filter-less architecture (Class-D Mode) allows the device to drive
the speaker directly, requiring no low-pass output filters and DC PVDDL PVDDR
blocking capacitors, thus saving system cost and PCB area.
MUTE SHDN
The device has an efficiency of up to 90%. It can extend battery life,
VDD GND
which is ideal for portable applications. It is fully protected against
faults with short-circuit protection and thermal protection. INL INR

The PAM8406 is available in the SOP-16L/SOP-16(EP) package. VREF MODE

9
Features Applications
• Alternative Output: Class-D or Class-AB • LCD TVs
• 5W Output at 10% THD with a 2Ω Load and 5V Power Supply at • Multimedia Speakers
Class-D Mode • AM/FM Systems
• 3W Output at 10% THD with a 4Ω Load and 5V Power Supply • DABs
• Filterless, Low Quiescent Current and No EMI
• Low THD+N at Fully Output Range
• Superior Low Noise
• Efficiency up to 90% with Class-D Mode
• No Pop At Turn-On/Off
• Full Short-Circuit Protection With Auto Recovery
• Thermal Shutdown
• Few External Components to Save Space and Cost
• Totally Lead-Free & Fully RoHS Compliant (Notes 1 & 2)
• Halogen- and Antimony-Free. “Green” Device (Note 3)
• For automotive applications requiring specific change
control (i.e. parts qualified to AEC-Q100/101/200, PPAP
capable, and manufactured in IATF 16949 certified facilities),
please contact us or your local Diodes representative.
https://www.diodes.com/quality/product-definitions/

Notes: 1. No purposely added lead. Fully EU Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS), 2011/65/EU (RoHS 2) & 2015/863/EU (RoHS 3) compliant.
2. See https://www.diodes.com/quality/lead-free/ for more information about Diodes Incorporated’s definitions of Halogen- and Antimony-free, "Green" and
Lead-free.
3. Halogen- and Antimony-free "Green” products are defined as those which contain <900ppm bromine, <900ppm chlorine (<1500ppm total Br + Cl) and
<1000ppm antimony compounds.

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 PAM8406

Typical Applications Circuit

2.5V to 5.5V
+

VDD

PVDDL

PVDDR
D
AB MODE
ON
OFF SHDN +OUT_L
ON
MUTE MUTE -OUT_L
PAM8406Q
INL
Audio
+OUT_R
Input INR
VREF -OUT_R

PGNDR
PGNDL
GND

Pin Descriptions
Pin Pin
Function
Number Name
1 +OUT_L Left Channel Positive Output
2 PGNDL Power GND
3 -OUT_L Left Channel Negative Output
4 PVDDL Power VDD
5 MUTE Mute Control Input (active low)
6 VDD Analog VDD
7 INL Left Channel Input
8 VREF Internal analog reference, connect a bypass capacitor from VREF to GND.
9 MODE High: Class-D; Low: Class-AB
10 INR Right Channel Input
11 GND Analog GND
12 SHND Shutdown Control Input (active low)
13 PVDDR Power VDD
14 -OUT_R Right Channel Negative Output
15 PGNDR Power GND
16 +OUT_R Right Channel Positive Output

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Functional Block Diagram

Absolute Maximum Ratings (@ TA = +25°C, unless otherwise specified.)

These are stress ratings only and functional operation is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings for prolonged time periods may
affect device reliability. All voltages are with respect to ground.
Parameter Rating Unit
Supply Voltage 6.0
V
Input Voltage -0.3 to VDD +0.3V
Operation Temperature Range -40 to +85
Maximum Junction Temperature 150
Operation Junction Temperature -40 to +125 °C
Storage Temperature -65 to +150
Soldering Temperature 300, 5 sec

Recommended Operating Conditions (@ TA = +25°C, unless otherwise specified.)

Parameter Rating Unit
Supply Voltage Range 2.5 to 5.5 V
Operation Temperature Range -40 to +85 °C
Junction Temperature Range -40 to +125 °C

Thermal Information
Parameter Package Symbol Max Unit
Thermal Resistance (Junction to Ambient) SOP-16 θJA 110
°C/W
Thermal Resistance (Junction to Case) SOP-16 θJC 23

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Electrical Characteristics (@ TA = +25°C, VDD = 5V, Gain = 24dB, RL = 8Ω, both Class-AB and D mode, unless otherwise
specified.)
Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min Typ Max Units
VDD Supply Voltage 2.5 5.5 V
VDD = 5.0V 5.0
THD+N = 10%, f = 1KHz, RL = 2Ω
VDD = 3.6V 2.6 W
(Class-D)
VDD = 2.5V 1.3
VDD = 5.0V 4.0
THD+N = 1%, f = 1KHz, RL = 2Ω
VDD = 3.6V 2.0 W
(Class-D)
VDD = 2.5V 1.0
VDD = 5.0V 3.14
THD+N = 10%, f = 1KHz, RL = 4Ω VDD = 3.6V 1.5 W
VDD = 2.5V 0.76
PO Output Power
VDD = 5.0V 2.55
THD+N = 1%, f = 1KHz, RL = 4Ω VDD = 3.6V 1.45 W
VDD = 2.5V 0.63
VDD = 5.0V 1.8
THD+N = 10%, f = 1KHz, RL = 8Ω VDD = 3.6V 0.92 W
VDD = 2.5V 0.44
VDD = 5.0V 1.6
THD+N = 1%, f = 1KHz, RL = 8Ω VDD = 3.6V 0.76 W
VDD = 2.5V 0.36
VDD = 5.0V, PO = 0.1W to 1W , RL = 8Ω 0.15
f = 1kHz %
VDD = 3.6V, PO = 0.05W to 0.5W, RL = 8Ω 0.11
VDD = 5.0V, PO = 0.1W to 2W, RL = 4Ω 0.15
f = 1kHz %
Total Harmonic VDD = 3.6V, PO = 0.05W to 2W, RL = 4Ω 0.11
THD+N
Distortion Plus Noise
VDD = 5.0V, PO = 0.1W to 2W, RL = 2Ω
0.15
(Class-D)
f = 1kHz %
VDD = 3.6V, PO = 0.05W to 1W, RL = 2Ω
0.11
(Class-D)
GV Closed Loop Gain VDD = 3V to 5V 24 dB
Power Supply Ripple VDD = 5.0V, Inputs AC-Grounded with CIN = f = 100Hz -70
PSRR dB
Rejection 0.47µF f = 1kHz -65
VDD = 5.0V, PO = 0.5W, RL = 8Ω,
CS Crosstalk f = 1kHz -95 dB
GV = 24db
SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio VDD = 5.0V, THD = 1%, GV = 24db f = 1kHz 90 dB
A-Weighting 100
VN Output Noise VDD = 5.0V, Inputs AC-Grounded µV
No A-Weighting 150
RL = 8Ω, THD = 10% 90
Class D Mode
η Efficiency RL = 4Ω, THD = 10% 87 %
f = 1kHz
RL = 2Ω, THD = 10% 80
VDD = 5.0V 10
Quiescent Current VDD = 3.6V No Load 8 mA
VDD = 2.5V 6
IQ
VDD = 5.0V 25
Quiescent Current VDD = 3.6V No Load 15 mA
VDD = 2.5V 10

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Electrical Characteristics (cont.) (@ TA = +25°C, VDD = 5V, Gain = 24dB, RL = 8Ω, both Class-AB and D mode, unless otherwise
specified.)
Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min Typ Max Units
IMUTE Muting Current VDD = 5.0V VMUTE = 0.3V 2.4 mA
ISD Shutdown Current VDD = 2.5V to 5.5V VSD = 0.3V <1 µA
Static Drain-to-Source PMOS 180
RDS(ON) IDS = 500mA, VGS = 5V mΩ
On-State Resistor NMOS 140
fSW Switching Frequency VDD = 2.5V to 5.5V Class-D 250 kHz
VOS Output Offset Voltage Input AC-GND, VDD = 5.0V 10 mV
Enable Input High
VIH VDD = 5.0V 1.4
Voltage
V
Enable Input Low
VIL VDD = 5.0V 0.4
Voltage
MUTE Input High
VIH VDD = 5.0V 1.4
Voltage
V
MUTE Input Low
VIL VDD = 5.0V 0.4
Voltage
MODE Input High
VIH VDD = 5.0V 1.4
Voltage
V
MODE Input Low
VIL VDD = 5.0V 0.4
Voltage
Overtemperature
OTP 150
Protection
No Load, Junction Temperature VDD = 5.0V °C
Overtemperature
OTH 30
Hysterisis

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Typical Performance Characteristics (@ TA = +25°C, VDD = 5V, Gain = 24dB, RL = 8Ω, both Class-AB and D mode, unless
otherwise specified.)

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Typical Performance Characteristics (cont.) (@ TA = +25°C, VDD = 5V, Gain = 24dB, RL = 8Ω, both Class-AB and D mode,
unless otherwise specified.)

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Typical Performance Characteristics (cont.) (@ TA = +25°C, VDD = 5V, Gain = 24dB, RL = 8Ω, both Class-AB and D mode,
unless otherwise specified.)

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Application Information
Application Note
1. When the PAM8406 works in Class-D with LC filters, it should be connected with the speaker before it is powered on, otherwise it will be
damaged easily.

2. When the PAM8406 works without LC filters, it's better to add a ferrite chip bead at the outgoing line of speaker for suppressing the possible
electromagnetic interference.

3. The recommended operating voltage is 5.5V. When the PAM8406 is powered with four battery cells, it should be noted that the voltage of four
new dry or alkaline batteries is over 6.0V, which is higher than its operation voltage and will likely damage the device. Therefore, it is
recommended to use either four Ni-MH (Nickel Metal Hydride) rechargeable batteries, or 3 dry or alkaline batteries.

4. One should not make the input signal too large. A large signal can cause the clipping of output signal when increasing the volume. This will
damage the device from the PAM8406’s big gain.

Test Setup for Performance Testing

Notes: A. The AP AUX-0025 low pass filter is necessary for Class-D amplifier measurement with AP analyzer.
B. Two 22μH inductors are used in series with load resistor to emulate the small speaker for efficiency measurement.

Maximum Gain
As shown in block diagram (Page 2), the PAM8406 has two internal amplifier stages. The first stage's gain is externally configurable, while the
second stage's is internally fixed. The closed-loop gain of the first stage is set by selecting the ratio of RF to RI while the second stage's gain is
fixed at 2x.The output of amplifier 1 serves as the input to amplifier 2, thus the two amplifiers produce signals identical in magnitude, but different
in phase by 180°. Consequently, the differential gain for the IC is

AVD = 20*log [2*(RF/RI)]

The PAM8406 sets maximum RF =142kΩ, minimum RI =18kΩ; so the maximum closed-gain is 24dB.

Mode Selection
When mode pin high, it features Class-D; mode pin low, it’s class AB. Mode pin can’t be floating.

Mute Operation
The MUTE pin is an input for controlling the output state of the PAM8406. A logic low on this pin disables the outputs, and a logic high on this pin
enables the outputs. This pin may be used as a quick disable or enable of the outputs without a volume fade. Quiescent current is listed in the
electrical characteristic table. The MUTE pin can be left floating due to the internal pull-up.

Shutdown Operation
In order to reduce power consumption while not in use, the PAM8406 contains shutdown circuitry to turn off the amplifier's bias circuitry. This
shutdown feature turns the amplifier off when logic low is applied to the SHDN pin. By switching the SHDN pin connected to GND, the PAM8406
supply current draw will be minimized in idle mode. The SHDN pin can be left floating due to the internal pull-up.

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Application Information (cont.)

Power Supply Decoupling
The PAM8406 is a high performance CMOS audio amplifier that requires adequate power supply decoupling to ensure the output THD and
PSRR as low as possible. Power supply decoupling affects low frequency response. Optimum decoupling is achieved by using two capacitors of
different types targeting to different types of noise on the power supply leads. For higher frequency transients, spikes, or digital hash on the line,
a good low equivalent-series resistance (ESR) ceramic capacitor, typically 1.0μF, works best, placing it as close as possible to the device VDD
terminal. For filtering lower frequency noise signals, a large capacitor of 20μF (ceramic) or greater is recommended, placing it near the audio
power amplifier.

Input Capacitor (CI)

Large input capacitors are both expensive and space hungry for portable designs. Clearly, a certain sized capacitor is needed to couple in low
frequencies without severe attenuation. But in many cases the speakers used in portable systems, whether internal or external, have little ability
to reproduce signals below 100Hz to 150Hz. Thus, using a large input capacitor may not increase actual system performance. In this case, input
capacitor (CI) and input resistance (RI) of the amplifier form a high-pass filter with the corner frequency determined by equation below,
1
fC =
2ΠR I CI

In addition to system cost and size, click and pop performance is affected by the size of the input coupling capacitor, CI. A larger input coupling
capacitor requires more charge to reach its quiescent DC voltage (nominally 1/2 VDD). This charge comes from the internal circuit via the
feedback and is apt to create pops upon device enable. Thus, by minimizing the capacitor size based on necessary low frequency response,
turn-on pops can be minimized.

Analog Reference Bypass Capacitor (CBYP)

The Analog Reference Bypass Capacitor (CBYP) is the most critical capacitor and serves several important functions. During start-up or recovery
from shutdown mode, CBYP determines the rate at which the amplifier starts up. The second function is to reduce noise caused by the power
supply coupling into the output drive signal. This noise is from the internal analog reference to the amplifier, which appears as degraded PSRR
and THD+N.

A ceramic bypass capacitor (CBYP) with values of 0.47μF to 1.0μF is recommended for the best THD and noise performance. Increasing the
bypass capacitor reduces clicking and popping noise from power on/off and entering and leaving shutdown.

Undervoltage Lock-Out (UVLO)

The PAM8406 incorporates circuitry designed to detect low supply voltage. When the supply voltage drops to 2.0V or below, the PAM8406
outputs are disabled, and the device comes out of this state and starts to function normally when VDD ≥ 2.2V.

Short-Circuit Protection (SCP)

The PAM8406 has short-circuit protection circuitry on the outputs to prevent damage to the device when output-to-output or output-to-GND short
occurs. When a short circuit is detected on the outputs, the outputs are disabled immediately. When the short is removed, the device activates
again.

Overtemperature Protection
Thermal protection on the PAM8406 prevents the device from damage when the internal die temperature exceeds +150°C. There is a 15°C
tolerance on this trip point from device to device. Once the die temperature exceeds the thermal set point, the device outputs are disabled. This
is not a latched fault. The thermal fault is cleared once the temperature of the die is reduced by 30°C. This large hysteresis will prevent motor
boating sound well and the device begins normal operation at this point without external system intervention.

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Ordering Information

PAM8406 X X

Package Type Shipping Package

D: SOP-16 R: Tape & Reel
E: SOP-16(EP)

Package Tape and Reel Part Marking Status

Part Number Alternative
(Note 5) Quantity (Note 4)
PAM8406
PAM8406DR SOP-16 2500 Active -
XATYWWLL
PAM8406
PAM8406ER SOP-16(EP) 2500 NRND PAM8406DR
XATYWWLL

Notes: 4. PAM8406ER is Not Recommended for New Design (NRND). The alternative part is PAM8406DR.
5. For packaging details, go to our website at https://www.diodes.com/design/support/packaging/diodes-packaging/.

Marking Information

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Package Outline Dimensions

Please see http://www.diodes.com/package-outlines.html for the latest version.

SO-16

SEE DETAIL 'A'

D
SO-16
Dim Min Max Typ
A -- 1.260 --
A1 0.10 0.23 --
E1/2 X E/2 A2 1.02 -- --
b 0.31 0.51 --
E1
E c 0.10 0.25 --
D 9.80 10.00 --
h E 5.90 6.10 --
Y
E1 3.80 4.00 --
e 1.27 BSC
h h 0.15 0.25 0.20
PIN 1
e b c
L 0.40 1.27 --
Ø0.760 Depth 0.050±0.02
L1 1.04 REF
01( 8x) L2 0.25 BSC
A2
02 R 0.07 -- --
A1 R1 0.07 -- --
R1
SEATING PLANE R L2 X 3.945 REF
A GAUGE PLANE Y 0.661 REF
SEATING PLANE 0 θ 0° 8° --
L θ1 5° 15° --
DETAIL 'A' L1 θ2 0° -- --
All Dimensions in mm

Suggested Pad Layout

Please see http://www.diodes.com/package-outlines.html for the latest version.

SO-16

X1

Value
Dimensions
(in mm)
C 1.270
X 0.670
X1 9.560
Y 1.450
Y Y1 6.400

X C

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WITH REGARDS TO ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
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2. The Information contained herein is for informational purpose only and is provided only to illustrate the operation of Diodes products
described herein and application examples. Diodes does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of this document or any
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Copyright © 2021 Diodes Incorporated

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