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2) Section 1.2

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18 views10 pages

2) Section 1.2

Uploaded by

rawan qubaisee
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1.

2 Mathematical Models : A catalog of essential function

1- Polynomials
A function of the form

where is a nononegative integer.


⚫ The numbers are constants called the coefficients of the polynomial.
⚫ The domain of any polynomial is
⚫ If then the degree of the polynomial is
⚫ The coefficient is called the leading coefficient.
Example
⚫ A polynomial of degree 1, is called a linear function.
⚫ A polynomial of degree 2, is called a quadratic function.
⚫ A polynomial of degree 3, is called a cubic function.

2- Power Function

Example:
(a) Sketch the graphs of
(b) Sketch the graphs of

The domain of is
The range of is if is even and if is odd.

Example

(a) Sketch the graph of the


(b) Sketch the graph of the
(c) Sketch the graphs of the
and on the same coordinate plane.

Section 1.2 Page 1


• The graph of where is even is similar to that of .
• The graph of where is odd is similar to that of

The function is the respirocal function.

3- Rational Functions

⚫ The domain of is
Example

4- Algebraic Functions
An algebraic functions is produced by using algebraic operations ( addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and taking roots) starting from
polynomials.
Example
The following are examples of algebraic functions

Section 1.2 Page 2


5- Transcendental Functions
Any function that is not algebraic is called transcendental.
Trigonometric functions, exponential functions and logarithmic functions are examples of transcendental functions

Section 1.2 Page 3


Trigonometric Functions

Remark

Trigonometric Functions

For an acute angle the six trigonometric functions are defined as ratio of length sides of a right triangle as follows

in standard position

Section 1.2 Page 4


⚫ The coordinates of the point on the unit circle are . So, we have the following
important identities

⚫ The following identities shows that sine is an odd function and cosine is an even functions

Section 1.2 Page 5


⚫ The following identities shows that sine is an odd function and cosine is an even functions

⚫ The sine and cosine functions are periodic functions with period

⚫ The addition formulas and the subtraction formulas are given by

Screen clipping taken: 10/24/2020 10:35 AM

⚫ The double angle formula given by

⚫ Half angle formulas are

⚫ The graphs of sine and cosine are shown in the fowling figures

Section 1.2 Page 6


⚫ The domain of sine and cosine functions is and the range is the closed interval

⚫ if and only if and if and only if where is an integer.


⚫ is an odd function with domain
and range
⚫ The tan function has period

Remark

Section 1.2 Page 7


Example

Solution

Exercises page 33

Answers
5. Since when + where is an integer, so the domain is

6- We need to have defined and . So, the domain is all real numbers
such that where is an integer.

Example
If and find the other five trigonometric ratios .
Solution
Since the angle terminates in the second quadrant, is negatrive and is
positive.
Using the identity, we have . So, . But
since terminates in the second quadrant. So,
Hence,

Example
If and , then find

Solution

Section 1.2 Page 8


Solution

Since , . So,

Therefore,

Section 1.2 Page 9


Example

Find the remaining trigonometric ratios.

-3

Solution
-1
Since and , and

Thus, , , ,
and

Section 1.2 Page 10

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