VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(AUTONOMOUS)
Shamshabad – 501 218, Hyderabad
Regulations – VCE R21
QUESTION BANK

Name of the subject: Soft Computing Subject Code: A6560

Semester: VII B.Tech: CSE

Unit-I CO BL
1. What is soft computing? 1 L1
2. What is hard computing? 1 L1
3. List out application areas for neural networks 1 L1
4. What is an activation function? 1 L1
5. List out the different activation functions used in artificial neural network 1 L1
6. What do you mean by neural network architecture? 1 L1
7. What is a Dendrite? 1 L1
8. What is Axon? 1 L1
9. What is Synapse? 1 L1
10. List out models of neurons? 1 L1
11. What is in-star topology? 1 L1
12. What is out-star topology? 1 L1
13. What is auto associative topology? 1 L1
14. List out the neural network architectures? 1 L1
15. Explain in one line about feed forward neural network? 1 L2
16. Explain in one line about feedback neural network? 1 L2
17. List out basic learning laws? 1 L1
18. What are three functional units for ANN for pattern recognition task? 1 L1
19. What is pattern recognition problem? 1 L1
20. What is pattern association? 1 L1
21. What is pattern classification? 1 L1
22. What is pattern clustering? 1 L1
23. What is Hebb’s Law? 1 L1
24. What is Perceptron Law? 1 L1
25. List out four characteristics of neural networks? 1 L1
26. Draw the diagram of biological neural network? 1 L1
27. Draw the diagram of artificial neural network? 1 L1
28. What are the pattern recognition problems solved by feed forward neural 1 L2
network?
29. What are the pattern recognition problems solved by feedback neural network? 1 L2
30. What are the three functional units for pattern recognition? Why are they called 1 L2
functional units?
31. Explain the meaning of (a) accretive behavior and (b) interpolative behavior 1 L2
32. Distinguish between pattern association, pattern classification and pattern mapping tasks 1 L2
33. Give a real life example of a pattern-mapping problem? 1 L2
34. Explain the difference between auto association problem and hetero association problem 1 L2
35. What is meant by a pattern environment storage problem? Give a real life example to 1 L2
illustrate the problem
36. Explain the difference between the accretive and interpolative type of clustering problems 1 L2
37. Explain what feature mapping means? Explain the problem with a real life example from 1 L2
speech production
38. Explain briefly the operation of a biological neural network? 1 L2
39. What are the main differences among the three models of artificial neuron, namely, 1 L2
McCulloch-Pitts, Perceptron and Adaline?
40. What is meant by topology of artificial neural networks? Give a few basic topological 1 L2
structures of artificial neural networks
41. Explain McCulloch-Pitts Model with neat diagram 1 L2
42. Explain Perceptron Model with neat diagram 1 L3
43. Explain Adaline Model with neat diagram 1 L2
44. Compare the performance of a computer and that of a biological neural network in 1 L3
terms of speed of processing, size and complexity, storage, fault tolerance and
control mechanism
45. What are the Basic Learning Laws? 1 L2
46. Compare LMS, Perceptron and delta learning laws 1 L3
47. Explain how recognition of handwritten digits is closer to a classification type 1 L3
problem?

48. Explain briefly the terms cell body, axon, synapse, dendrite and neuron with reference to 1 L3
a biological neural network
49. Identify supervised and unsupervised basic learning laws 1 L3
50. Write briefly about Windrow Hoff Learning law 1 L2
51. Compare soft computing and hard computing 1 L3
52. Write briefly about In-star Learning law 1 L3
53. Write briefly about Out-star Learning law 1 L3
54. Explain about basic functional units 1 L3
55. Specify the components of Soft Computing technique 1 L3
56. Explain ANN architecture? Write its applications 1 L2
Unit-II
1. Differentiate between biological neuron and artificial neuron on the basis of 2 L2
structure and function of a single neuron
2. Write Short notes on Competitive learning 2 L1
3. What is Back propagation NN? 2 L1
4. What is a conditional stimulus? 2 L1
5. What is an unconditional stimulus? 2 L1
6. What is short-term memory? 2 L1
7. What is Long-term memory? 2 L1
8. Explain the significance of Perceptron convergence theorem. 2 L2
9. State Perceptron pocket algorithm? 2 L1
10. Is Perceptron learning algorithm for linearly separable problems? 2 L1
11. What is learning rate? 2 L1
12. List out the applications of feed forward neural network. 2 L1
13. Write the weight updation equation for Perceptron learning law? 2 L1
14. Write the weight updation equation for Back propagation algorithm? 2 L1
15. What is generalized delta rule? 2 L1
16. Which activation function is used in a neuron in hidden layer in BNN? 2 L1
17. Write the steps in refinement of back propagation algorithm? 2 L1
18. What are the limitations of Perceptron Learning? 2 L1
19. What are the limitations of Back propagation learning? 2 L1
20. What are the two passes in Back propagation Learning Algorithm? 2 L1
21. What is error correction rule? 2 L1
22. What is meant by gradient decent method? 2 L1
23. Abbreviate MLP? 2 L1
24. Distinguish between linearly separable and linearly inseparable problems. 2 L2
25. Why convergence is not guaranteed for the back propagation learning algorithm 2 L3
26. What is the significance of momentum term in back propagation learning? 2 L3
27. Give two examples of linearly inseparable problems 2 L2
28. Why a single layer of Perceptron cannot be used to solve linearly inseparable 2 L2
problems
29. Explain the significance of determination of weights by computation? 2 L2
30. Explain the significance of determination of weights by learning? 2 L2
31. Explain about learning process? 2 L2
32. Explain about the processes that possibly occur during a learning task? 2 L2
33. Differentiate between supervised learning and unsupervised learning? 2 L3
34. Explain about error correction and gradient descent rule? 2 L2
35. Write down the steps in perceptron learning algorithm? 2 L3
36. Explain perceptron learning algorithm with suitable example? 2 L2
37. State perceptron convergence thermo? 2 L2
38. Explain perceptron pocket algorithm? 2 L3
39. Explain Least Mean Square algorithm? 2 L3
40. Write briefly about unconstrained optimization? 2 L2
41. Write down the steps involved in LMS algorithm? 2 L3
42. Discuss the architecture of multilayer perceptron 2 L3
43. Write the weight updating function in Back propagation algorithm? 2 L2
44. What is activation function? Write about the activation function used in 2 L3
Perceptron learning and back propagation learning?
45. Explain the Limitations of Back propagation learning? 2 L2
46. List out the limitations of Perceptron learning algorithm? 2 L2
47. Write about the performance issues in Back propagation learning? 2 L2
48. Write down the steps involved in Back propagation learning algorithm? 2 L3
49. Explain Back propagation learning algorithm? 2 L3
50. List out the advantages of LMS algorithm? 2 L2
51. Why BP algorithm is called generalized delta rule 2 L2
52. What is the significance of momentum term in BP algorithm 2 L3
53. State the drawbacks of single layer perceptron. Name a problem which can be 2 L3
solved using MLP?
54. Write short notes on learning algorithm 2 L3
55. Sketch a 3-4-5-2 neural network 2 L2
56. If the activation function of all hidden unit is linear, show that MLP is equivalent 2 L3
to single layer perceptron
57. Draw the architecture of BP network and explain it 2 L3
58. Compare feed-forward and feedback network. 2 L2
59. List out the advantages of perceptron learning algorithm 2 L2
60. Compare Single Layer perceptron and multi layer perceptron 2 L3

Unit-III
1. Give the general scheme for a Fuzzy controller. How different modules are are interconnected? 3 L3
Deploying the above how will you solve the problem of stabilizing the inverted pendulum.

2. Summarize the features and benefits of the following Fuzzy propositions 3 L2

3. Explain different types of Defuzzification methods with suitable 3 L3
4. Explain different membership function with diagram 3 L2
5. Explain self organizing FLC. Mention its advantages over fuzzy logic controller 3 L3
6. Describe a typical case study in which Fuzzy logic is used as a model and controller. 3 L3
7. Consider four travel packages offered by Thomas Cook, Club Mahindra, World 3 L3
around, and Himalaya Travels. We want to choose one. Their costs are INR 100,000,
INR 200,000 , INR 150,000 and INR 175,000. Their travel time in hours are 150, 200,
100,and 125 respectively. They are viewed as interesting with degrees 0.4 ,
0.3 ,0.6 ,0.5. Define your own fuzzy set of acceptable travel times. Then determine the
fuzzy set of interesting travel packages whose cost and travel times are acceptable and
use this set to choose one of your own packages. ( November / December 2011)
8. Given a conditional and qualified Fuzzy proposition ‗P‘ of the form . P: If x is A, then 3 L3
y is B is S where ‗ S‘ is fuzzy truth qualifier and a fact is in the form‖ x is A‖ We want
to make an inference in the form ―y is B ― Develop a method based on the truth-
value restrictions for getting the inference. ( November / December 2010)
9. Sketch the block diagram of fuzzy logic controller for a nonlinear process 3 L2
10. Explain with case study, how to design a fuzzy logic controller for a non linear system of your choice. 3 L2
11. Using Fuzzy logic model a sine wave 3 L2

Unit-IV
1. Summarize the sequential p[procedures involved in the cross over and reproduction 4 L2
phase of GA with typical examples.
2. Assume atypical control problem of yours and explain the various steps involved in 4 L3
finding a solution using GA.
3. Discuss algorithmic steps involved in solving an optimization problem using Tabu 4 L2
search with suitable examples.
4. Give step by step procedure for GA 4 L2
5. Explain in detail the ANT colony algorithm 4 L3
6. Compare and contrast Tabu search and ANT algorithm 8. Compare and contrast Tabu 4 L3
and GA
7. Compare and contrast GA and ANT algorithm 4 L2
8. Discuss how GA can be used for a classification problem? How to choose inputs, GA 4 L1
parameters and fitness
Unit-V
1. Consider A NN interconnected system which consists of a set of NN models. Establish 5 L4
a linear difference inclusion state (LDI) space representation for the dynamics. By
Lyaponov‘s direct method derive the stability criteria for guaranteeing the
asymptotic stability of NN interconnected systems.
2. Write a detailed note on voltage stability analysis using genetic algorithm 5 L2
3. Discuss how will you identify and control the linear and nonlinear dynamic system 5 L1
4. Write a brief note on stability of Fuzzy control systems 5 L2
5. Decribe briefly the modeling and implementation of fuzzy logic controllerfor any one 5 L2
application.
6. Explain from fundamentals how GA canbe used for solving the optimization problem. 5 L2
Give the detailedsteps for solving any one optimization problem of your choice using
GA
7. Explain how fuzzy logic control can be used for process control 5 L2
8. Taking an example explain how stability of FLC can be analyzed? 5 L2