Practice Test - Chapter 11 - Urry Et Al., Campbell Biology, 11-E

Practice Test Chapter 11
Practice Test
Chapter 11: Cell Communication
1 Evidence that cell signaling evolved early in the history of life comes from
__________. ( Concept 11.1)
SHOW HINT
comparative studies of ribosomal RNA
the similarity of cell-signaling mechanisms in organisms that have

a very distant common ancestor
the study of protein receptors embedded in the nuclear

membrane
the fossil record
comparative studies of mitochondrial DNA
2 When a platelet contacts a damaged blood vessel, it is stimulated to

release thromboxane A2. Thromboxane A2 in turn stimulates vascular
spasm and attracts additional platelets to the injured site. In this
example thromboxane A2 is acting as a __________. ( Concept 11.1)
SHOW HINT
protein kinase
G protein
https://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_campbell_biology_11/msa/content/practice-test/app/page.php?chapnum=11 2024/10/3, 22 28
Page 1 of 22
:
local regulator
neurotransmitter
transcription factor
3 Early work on signal transduction and glycogen metabolism by

Sutherland indicated that __________. ( Concept 11.1)
SHOW HINT
the cell-signaling pathway involves two separate steps:

transduction and response
the signal molecule did not interact directly with the cytosolic
enzyme, but required an intact plasma membrane before the
enzyme could be activated
the signal molecule worked equally well with intact or disrupted

cells
epinephrine is involved in response to stress
the signal molecule combined directly with a cytosolic enzyme to

form an active quaternary structure
4 Certain yeast cells secrete a molecule called the α factor. The purpose of
this molecule is to __________. ( Concept 11.1)
SHOW HINT
kill other yeast cells nearby, which may be competing for access
to food
Page 2 of 22
:
kill bacteria nearby, which may be competing for access to food
enzymatically process food into a form that can be easily

absorbed
attract other yeast cells of the same mating type to assemble
stimulate cells of the opposite mating type, a yeast cells, to grow

toward the α cell
5 Cells use di!erent signaling strategies to achieve di!erent goals. In

hormonal signaling __________. ( Concept 11.1)
SHOW HINT
special molecules are passed through cell junctions
a concentration gradient between the signaling cell and its target

cells is established, causing cells along the gradient to respond in
different ways
numerous cells can receive and respond to a signal produced in

their vicinity
specialized cells release hormone molecules into the circulatory

system, permitting distant cells to be affected
the signal can be directed to a very specific target because a

narrow space separates the target cell from the transmitting cell
6 What did Sutherland discover about glycogen metabolism in liver cells?

( Concept 11.1)
Page 3 of 22
:
SHOW HINT
Glucagon breaks down glycogen to glucose in liver cells.
A cytoplasmic receptor triggers the signal transduction pathway

that produces glucose from glycogen.
Glucose is produced from glycogen when epinephrine binds to a

cytoplasmic protein.
The hormone that breaks down glycogen into glucose enters the
liver cell.
The hormone epinephrine binds to a specific receptor on the

plasma membrane of the liver cell.
7 Testosterone and estrogen are lipid-soluble signal molecules that cross

the plasma membrane by simple di!usion. If these molecules can enter
all cells, why do only specific cells respond to their presence?
( Concept 11.2)
SHOW HINT
Nontarget cells lack the inactive enzymes that the signal

molecules activate.
In nontarget cells, these signal molecules cross the membranes

of the endoplasmic reticulum and are captured by vesicles.
The signal molecules diffuse from the cell before an effective

concentration can be achieved.
Nontarget cells possess enzymes that immediately degrade the

molecules as they enter the cell.
Page 4 of 22
:
Nontarget cells lack the intracellular receptors that, when
activated by the signal molecule, can interact with genes in the
cell's nucleus.
8 Di!erent types of cells can respond di!erently to the same signaling

molecule. Which of the following explains this apparent paradox?
( Concept 11.2)
SHOW HINT
Different types of cells possess different types of phospholipids in

their plasma membranes.
Different types of cells possess different genomes.
Different cells have different patterns of carbohydrates on their

cell surfaces.
Nuclear envelope proteins vary from cell type to cell type and this
means that cells respond to signaling molecules differently.
Different types of cells possess different proteins.
9 Steroid hormones can enter a cell by simple di!usion. Therefore steroids

__________. ( Concept 11.2)
SHOW HINT
act by phosphorylating DNA
do not initiate cell signaling by interacting with a receptor in the

plasma membrane
Page 5 of 22
:
do not bind to receptors
directly bind to DNA
are not an example of signaling molecules
10 Steroid hormones can enter a cell by simple di!usion. Therefore,

steroids do which of the following? ( Concept 11.2)
SHOW HINT
move through a channel, down a gradient, and are nonpolar
move up a concentration gradient and are nonpolar
move up a concentration gradient and are polar
move down a concentration gradient and are polar
None of the listed responses is correct.
11 Receptors for signal molecules __________. ( Concept 11.2)

SHOW HINT
all act via protein kinases
are only found associated with the plasma membrane
are never found in the nucleus of a cell
may be found embedded in the plasma membrane, or found
Page 6 of 22
:
within the cytoplasm or nucleus
all work by opening ion channels
12 Testosterone does NOT a!ect all cells of the body because __________.
( Concept 11.2)
SHOW HINT
not all cells in the body have membrane receptors for

testosterone
not all cells have cytoplasmic receptors for testosterone
it is a local regulator
testosterone cannot cross the plasma membrane
it affects only cells that have ion-channel receptors
13 G-protein-coupled receptors __________, whereas receptor tyrosine

kinases __________. ( Concept 11.2)
SHOW HINT
are transmembrane proteins ... are found only on the cytoplasmic

side of the plasma membrane
act by phosphorylating a protein ... open an ion channel when

bound to a signal molecule
form a dimer when activated ... catalyze the transfer of a

phosphate group from ATP to an amino acid
Page 7 of 22
:
are not enzymes ... have enzymatic function
phosphorylate the amino acid guanine ... phosphorylate the

amino acid threonine
14 Which of the following is activated when the binding of single molecules

causes it to form a dimer? ( Concept 11.2)
SHOW HINT
adenylyl cyclase receptors
protein phosphatase receptors
receptor tyrosine kinases
G-protein-coupled receptors
ion-channel receptors
15 The binding of a signal molecule to a ligand-gated ion channel __________.

( Concept 11.2)
SHOW HINT
promotes the binding of a steroid hormone to its receptor in the

cytoplasm
causes the ion channel to phosphorylate an amino acid on a

target molecule
results in the formation of ion-channel dimers
Page 8 of 22
:
affects the membrane potential
alters the expression of genes, especially in neurons
16 Nitric oxide is unusual among animal signal molecules in that it

__________. ( Concept 11.2)
SHOW HINT
is a gas
enters the cell via a protein channel
binds to membrane receptors and cytoplasm receptors
acts by directly binding to DNA
activates proteins by removing phosphate
17 A G protein is active when __________. ( Concept 11.2)

SHOW HINT
GDP replaces GTP
it is phosphorylated by a protein kinase
it is bound by its ligand and transported to the nucleus
GTP is bound to it
Page 9 of 22
:
Ca2+ binds to a G-protein-coupled receptor
18 If a modified form of GTP that CANNOT be enzymatically converted to

GDP were added to a culture of cells, the likely result would be __________.
( Concept 11.2)
SHOW HINT
the inhibition of pathways stimulated by tyrosine-kinase receptors
the inactivation of ligand-gated ion channels
that the activated G proteins would remain locked in the "on"

position, transmitting signal even in the absence of a signaling
molecule
the inactivation of G-protein-coupled signaling pathways
receptor tyrosine kinases would be stimulated by the additional

phosphate groups present in the modified GTP
19 What event would activate a G protein? ( Concept 11.2)

SHOW HINT
hydrolysis of GTP to GDP
hydrolysis of GDP to GTP
replacement of GDP with GTP
phosphorylation of GTP to GDP
Page 10 of 22
:
phosphorylation of GDP to GTP
20 Ras, a small G protein located at the plasma membrane, is often

mutated in di!erent types of cancer. Ras normally signals to a cell that it
should divide. Cancer cells divide uncontrollably. Which of the following
changes to Ras could explain uncontrolled division in a cancer cell that
has mutated Ras present? ( Concept 11.2)
SHOW HINT
a mutation that leads to Ras being sent to the endomembrane

system
a mutation in which Ras cannot bind to its GPCR
a mutation that means Ras cannot hydrolyze GTP to GDP
a mutation that means Ras cannot bind to GTP
a mutation that means GDP is constantly bound to Ras
21 The cellular response of a signal pathway that terminates at a

transcription factor would be __________. ( Concept 11.2)
SHOW HINT
alteration of the cytoskeleton
the activation of a metabolic pathway
the activation of an inactive enzyme
Page 11 of 22
:
the synthesis of mRNA
a change in the chemical composition of the cytosolic

environment
22 Cholera develops when the bacterial toxin __________. ( Concept 11.3)

SHOW HINT
inhibits the enzyme that normally breaks down cAMP
prevents G-protein inactivation, which leads to the continuous

production of cAMP
inhibits adenylyl cyclase, preventing the cell from producing

cAMP
phosphorylates the cAMP, producing ADP
blocks the receptor site for cAMP
23 The general name for an enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from
ATP to a protein is __________. ( Concept 11.3)
SHOW HINT
protein dehydrogenase
protein phosphatase
peptidase
Page 12 of 22
:
protein kinase
protein cyclase
24 ATPgammaS is a form of ATP that CANNOT be hydrolyzed by enzymes. If

this compound were introduced to cells so that it replaced the normal
ATP present in the cell, which of the following would you predict?
( Concept 11.3)
SHOW HINT
an increase in anabolic cellular reactions
a decrease in phosphorylated proteins in the cell
an increase in the numbers of phosphorylated proteins in the cell
an increase in cell division
Two of the listed responses would be expected.
25 Phosphorylation __________. ( Concept 11.3)

SHOW HINT
always activates a protein
can either activate or inactivate a protein
activates G-protein-coupled receptors
always inactivates a protein
Page 13 of 22
:
is accomplished by protein phosphatases
26 The source of phosphate for a phosphorylation cascade is __________.

( Concept 11.3)
SHOW HINT
GTP
protein kinase
ATP
cAMP
protein phosphatase
27 Second messengers tend to be water-soluble and small. This accounts

for their ability to __________. ( Concept 11.3)
SHOW HINT
pass quickly from cell to cell
cross the nuclear membrane and interact with DNA
rapidly cross the plasma membrane
move from substrate to substrate during a phosphorylation

cascade
rapidly move throughout the cell by diffusion
Page 14 of 22
:
28 The molecule cAMP usually directly activates __________. ( Concept 11.3)
SHOW HINT
G proteins
receptor tyrosine kinases
adenylyl cyclase
protein kinase A
phosphodiesterase
29 A mutation in the active site of adenylyl cyclase that inactivates it would

most likely lead to __________. ( Concept 11.3)
SHOW HINT
increased binding of adenylyl cyclase to the G protein that

activates it
lower activity of protein kinase A
an increase in the amount of cAMP present in the cell
reduced binding of adenylyl cyclase to protein kinase A
higher activity of protein kinase A
Page 15 of 22
:
Domoic acid is a neurotoxin produced by some species of alga. Domoic
30
acid binds to the kainate receptor on neurons in parts of the brain. The
kainate receptor facilitates the movement of calcium into the cell. Excess
domoic acid-induced stimulation of the neural kainate receptors causes
neural damage and short-term memory loss. Based on this, which of the
following is likely true? ( Concept 11.3)
SHOW HINT
The kainate receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel and domoic

acid is a ligand.
Calcium is actively pumped into the cell by the kainate receptor.
The kainate receptor is a GPCR that stimulates adenylate cyclase

to produce cAMP that serves to amplify the signal, and to speed
the signal's transduction through the cytoplasm.
The first two listed responses are correct.
The second and third responses are correct.
31 Which of the following statements about calcium ions in a typical cell is

true? ( Concept 11.3)
SHOW HINT
In a typical cell, calcium ions are rapidly transported into the

endoplasmic reticulum in response to G-protein-mediated signals.
In a typical cell, calcium ions are often concentrated within the

endoplasmic reticulum.
In a typical cell, calcium ions are far more abundant in the

cytoplasm than in the blood and other extracellular fluid.
Page 16 of 22
:
In a typical cell, calcium ions are not very widely used as second
messengers.
All of the listed responses are correct.
32 During the transduction of a signal, one molecule or ion may be closely

associated with the activity of another. Which of the following pairs
correctly combines two associated molecules? ( Concept 11.3)
SHOW HINT
DAG, IP3
cAMP, protein kinase A
cAMP, adenylyl cyclase
calcium, IP3
33 A di!erence between the mechanisms of cAMP and Ca2+ in signal

transduction is that cAMP __________ and Ca2+ __________. ( Concept 11.3)
SHOW HINT
is stored in the endoplasmic reticulum ... is never stored in the

cell
is always present at high levels in the cytosol ... is present at low

levels in the absence of a signal
Page 17 of 22
:
is tyrosine-kinase-receptor linked ... is G-protein-receptor linked
is synthesized by an enzyme in response to a signal ... is

released from intracellular stores
enters the cell via a transmembrane protein channel ... enters the
cell by diffusing across the plasma membrane
34 IP3 (inositol trisphosphate) is produced as a result of __________.

( Concept 11.3)
SHOW HINT
adenylyl cyclase
Ca2+
DAG
protein kinase A activation
the cleavage of a specific phospholipid in the plasma membrane
35 IP3 (inositol trisphosphate) acts by __________. ( Concept 11.3)

SHOW HINT
activating cAMP
opening Ca2+ channels
phosphorylating signal receptors
Page 18 of 22
:
activating PIP2
activating DAG
36 In eukaryotic cells, which of the following is a second messenger that is

produced as a response to an external signal such as a hormone?
( Concept 11.3)
SHOW HINT
glucose
tRNA
epinephrine
cyclic AMP
glycogen
37 In the inherited disorder Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, __________.

( Concept 11.4)
SHOW HINT
nerve cells lack the ability to produce cAMP
muscle cells lack the appropriate membrane receptor
G proteins are unable to phosphorylate GDP
Page 19 of 22
:
the endoplasmic reticulum is unable to store calcium
a multifunctional relay protein involved with the proliferation of

immune cells is defective
38 In liver cells, epinephrine stimulates the breakdown of glycogen. As the

signal-transduction pathway progresses, __________. ( Concept 11.4)
SHOW HINT
the signal is amplified
the number of molecules involved decreases
the signal is reduced
glycogen synthesis is stimulated
the number of molecules involved remains constant
39 Cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and cells of the heart respond
di!erently to epinephrine because __________. ( Concept 11.4)
SHOW HINT
there are differences in the proteins found in the two types of cells
in cells of the GI tract epinephrine operates via a cytosolic

receptor, whereas in cells of the heart epinephrine acts via a
plasma membrane receptor
cells of the GI tract lack ATP
Page 20 of 22
:
the GI tract does not have receptor tyrosine kinases
the concentration of Ca2+ is lower in the cytosol of GI-tract cells

than in the cytosol of heart cells
40 Which of the following statements about apoptosis is true?

( Concept 11.5)
SHOW HINT
Apoptosis occurs randomly during embryonic development of a

nematode.
Apoptosis is triggered only by signals from outside the cell.
Apoptosis typically involves only a single signaling pathway.
Apoptosis is essential for normal development of the nervous

system.
41 Which of the following statements is correct? ( Concept 11.5)

SHOW HINT
Some apoptotic signals come from mitochondria.
Some apoptotic signals originate from outside a cell.
Some apoptotic signals come from the endoplasmic reticulum

when excessive protein misfolding occurs.
Page 21 of 22
:
Some apoptotic signals come from the nucleus, when DNA has
suffered irreparable damage.
See Results
Reset / Start Over
Pearson Higher Browse our Catalog Technical Help

Education Pearson Higher Education Pearson Technical Support
About Us Contact a Rep
Educators Find your Pearson rep
Academic Executives
Students
Other Customers
Copyright © 2024 Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Permissions | Report Piracy | Accessibility
Page 22 of 22
:

Practice Test - Chapter 11 - Urry Et Al., Campbell Biology, 11-E

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Practice Test - Chapter 11 - Urry Et Al., Campbell Biology, 11-E

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Practice Test - Chapter 11 - Urry Et Al., Campbell Biology, 11-E

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Practice Test Chapter 11

comparative studies of ribosomal RNA

the similarity of cell-signaling mechanisms in organisms that have

the study of protein receptors embedded in the nuclear

the fossil record

comparative studies of mitochondrial DNA

2 When a platelet contacts a damaged blood vessel, it is stimulated to

3 Early work on signal transduction and glycogen metabolism by

the cell-signaling pathway involves two separate steps:

the signal molecule worked equally well with intact or disrupted

epinephrine is involved in response to stress

the signal molecule combined directly with a cytosolic enzyme to

enzymatically process food into a form that can be easily

attract other yeast cells of the same mating type to assemble

stimulate cells of the opposite mating type, a yeast cells, to grow

5 Cells use di!erent signaling strategies to achieve di!erent goals. In

special molecules are passed through cell junctions

a concentration gradient between the signaling cell and its target

numerous cells can receive and respond to a signal produced in

specialized cells release hormone molecules into the circulatory

the signal can be directed to a very specific target because a

6 What did Sutherland discover about glycogen metabolism in liver cells?

Glucagon breaks down glycogen to glucose in liver cells.

A cytoplasmic receptor triggers the signal transduction pathway

Glucose is produced from glycogen when epinephrine binds to a

The hormone epinephrine binds to a specific receptor on the

7 Testosterone and estrogen are lipid-soluble signal molecules that cross

Nontarget cells lack the inactive enzymes that the signal

In nontarget cells, these signal molecules cross the membranes

The signal molecules diffuse from the cell before an effective

Nontarget cells possess enzymes that immediately degrade the

8 Di!erent types of cells can respond di!erently to the same signaling

Different types of cells possess different types of phospholipids in

Different types of cells possess different genomes.

Different cells have different patterns of carbohydrates on their

Different types of cells possess different proteins.

9 Steroid hormones can enter a cell by simple di!usion. Therefore steroids

act by phosphorylating DNA

do not initiate cell signaling by interacting with a receptor in the

directly bind to DNA

are not an example of signaling molecules

10 Steroid hormones can enter a cell by simple di!usion. Therefore,

move through a channel, down a gradient, and are nonpolar

move up a concentration gradient and are nonpolar

move up a concentration gradient and are polar

move down a concentration gradient and are polar

None of the listed responses is correct.

11 Receptors for signal molecules __________. ( Concept 11.2)

all act via protein kinases

are only found associated with the plasma membrane

are never found in the nucleus of a cell

may be found embedded in the plasma membrane, or found

all work by opening ion channels

not all cells in the body have membrane receptors for

not all cells have cytoplasmic receptors for testosterone

testosterone cannot cross the plasma membrane

it affects only cells that have ion-channel receptors

13 G-protein-coupled receptors __________, whereas receptor tyrosine

are transmembrane proteins ... are found only on the cytoplasmic