Open Book Examination

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Learner name Kamran Sharif

NEBOSH learner number
Learning Partner name Green World Safety & Security Consultancies LLC

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Task 1: Justifying health and safety improvements

Question 1
Financial Arguments:

1. Reduction in Workers' Compensation Costs:

- Current Scenario: There have been injuries, including a serious collision resulting in a
broken leg, leading to workers' compensation claims.
- Proposed Improvement: Segregating FLTs and workers can reduce collision incidents,
lowering the number of injury claims and associated compensation costs.

2. Productivity Gains:

- Current Scenario: Near misses, frequent collisions, and goods spillages may cause
disruptions and slowdowns in warehouse operations.
- Proposed Improvement: Segregation with barriers and designated areas can enhance
workflow efficiency, reducing downtime and increasing overall productivity.

3. Legal Compliance:

- Current Scenario: A visit by a labor inspector resulted in a formal order for workplace
changes, indicating potential legal consequences for non-compliance.
- Proposed Improvement: Implementing safety measures aligns with legal requirements,
minimizing the risk of penalties and legal actions.

4. Reduced Staff Turnover:

- Current Scenario: High turnover in the warehouse, potentially related to unsafe working
conditions and dissatisfaction.
- Proposed Improvement: A safer work environment with proper segregation may
improve job satisfaction, leading to reduced turnover and associated recruitment costs.

5. Improved Company Reputation:

- Current Scenario: Workers have complained about working conditions, impacting the
company's reputation.
- Proposed Improvement: Demonstrating a commitment to safety through visible
improvements can enhance the company's image, potentially attracting more customers
and qualified employees.

Task 2: Checking management system effectiveness

Question 2 (a)
(a) Unsafe Behavior in the Report:

- Stacking goods in aisles and blocking walkways.

- Walking through obstacles in the warehouse, leading to potential collisions.

- Use of mobile phones while operating FLTs, contributing to accidents.

Question 2 (b)

(b) Voluntary Feedback in the Report:

- Workers expressing concerns about the frequency of near misses and collisions.

- Feedback on the lack of visibility of management in the warehouse.

- Suggestions from workers on potential safety improvements.

Task 3: Managing contractors

Question 3
When selecting external contractors, consider:

1. Experience in Similar Projects:

- Choose contractors with a proven track record in implementing safety improvements in

warehouse environments.

2. Health and Safety Certification:

- Ensure that contractors hold relevant health and safety certifications, demonstrating
their commitment to safety standards.

3. Competency in Segregation Solutions:

- Assess the contractors' expertise in designing and implementing segregation solutions,

such as barriers and designated areas.

4. References and Past Performance:

- Request references from previous clients to evaluate the contractors' performance in

delivering safety projects on time and within budget.

Task 4: Working within a health and safety management system

Question 4
1. Improved Risk Identification:

- Systematic risk assessments can identify specific hazards in the warehouse, leading to
targeted safety measures.

2. Enhanced Compliance:

- ISO 45001 compliance ensures adherence to international health and safety standards,
reducing the risk of legal consequences.
 3. Efficient Incident Reporting:

- Formal systems streamline incident reporting, aiding in the identification of root causes
and effective corrective actions.

3. Increased Employee Involvement:

- The management system encourages employee participation in safety initiatives,

fostering a culture of shared responsibility.

Task 5: Influencing health and safety culture

Question 5
Negative Indicators of Safety Culture:

1. High Turnover and Worker Absence:

- Indicative of dissatisfaction and potential safety concerns among workers.

2. Lack of Management Visibility:

- Workers' complaints about rarely seeing management suggest a disconnect and

potential neglect of safety issues.

3. Reactive rather than Proactive Approach:

- Historical incidents and near misses without recorded corrective actions indicate a
reactive safety culture.

4. Absence of Health and Safety Representatives:

- The lack of representatives hampers effective communication and collaboration on

safety matters.

Task 6: Developing safe systems of work (SSoW)

Question 6
Considerations for First-Aid Arrangements:

1. Frequency and Severity of Incidents:

- Analyze historical incident data to determine the frequency and severity of injuries
requiring first aid.

2. Proximity to Medical Facilities:

- The distance to the hospital (5 miles away) should be considered when assessing first-
aid needs.
 3. Nature of Potential Injuries:

- Identify the types of injuries that are more likely to occur in the warehouse and tailor
first-aid provisions accordingly.

4. Worker Input:

- Seek input from warehouse workers on their perceived first-aid needs and experiences.

Task 7: Investigating incidents

Question 7
Level of Investigation:

High Level:

- The incident involved a serious injury, a broken leg, requiring urgent hospital treatment.

- Likelihood of a similar incident occurring again is significant based on the labor

inspector's observations.

Justification:

- The severity of the injury and the potential for a fatal incident in the future necessitate a
thorough investigation.

- Reference to HSG245 likelihood and consequence criteria supports the decision for a
high-level investigation.

Question 8
Determining Human Factors (Individual) - FLT Driver's Behavior

Individual Human Factors:

1. Distraction and Use of Mobile Phone:

- Scenario Support: The scenario mentions that the young FLT driver was distracted by
their mobile phone.
- Explanation: The use of a mobile phone while operating a forklift is a clear human
factor that negatively influenced the driver's behavior. It diverted their attention from the
task at hand, contributing to the late application of brakes

2. Lack of Situational Awareness:

- Scenario Support: The FLT driver applied brakes too late, skidding on an oil spillage.
- Explanation: Failure to maintain awareness of the warehouse environment, including
the presence of oil spillages, indicates a lack of situational awareness. This can lead to
delayed reactions and accidents.
 2. Inadequate Training or Supervision:

- Scenario Support: The scenario mentions frequent near misses and a previous
serious collision involving the same driver.
- Explanation: Insufficient training or supervision may have contributed to the driver's
recurring unsafe behavior. Lack of corrective actions after previous incidents suggests a
systemic failure in addressing performance issues.

3. Failure to Adhere to Safety Procedures:

- Scenario Support: The FLT skidded on an oil spillage, causing damage and knocking
goods over.
- Explanation: The driver's failure to follow safety procedures, such as adjusting driving
behavior in the presence of hazards like oil spillages, contributed to the accident.

4. Complacency or Overconfidence:

- Scenario Support: Lack of written records for previous near misses and complaints.
- Explanation: The absence of documented corrective actions and near-miss reports
may indicate a level of complacency or overconfidence, where the driver did not perceive
the seriousness of previous incidents.

Question 9
Management Failures Contributing to the Accident

Management Failures:

1. Inadequate Safety Training Programs:

- Scenario Support: The scenario suggests a lack of records for previous incidents and
near misses.
- Explanation: Management may have failed to implement comprehensive safety
training programs that address the specific hazards and risks in the warehouse.
Inadequate training contributes to recurring unsafe behaviors.

2. Poor Supervision and Oversight:

- Scenario Support: Workers rarely see management in the warehouse, and there's a
lack of visibility.
- Explanation: Management's failure to provide regular supervision and oversight in the
warehouse allows unsafe practices to persist. A lack of visible management presence
contributes to a lax safety culture.

3. Failure to Address Previous Incidents Effectively:

- Scenario Support: The young FLT driver had a previous serious collision.
- Explanation: Management's failure to implement corrective actions and address
performance issues after the earlier serious collision indicates a lack of commitment to
continuous improvement and accident prevention.
 4. Deficient Communication Channels:

- Scenario Support: Workers complain about rarely seeing management, and there are
no written records of complaints.
- Explanation: The absence of effective communication channels between workers and
management prevents timely reporting of safety concerns. A lack of documented
complaints suggests a breakdown in communication.

5. Budget Constraints Overriding Safety Needs:

- Scenario Support: The overall Store and Warehouse Manager claims there is no
money for safety improvements.
- Explanation: Prioritizing budget constraints over safety needs reflects a management
failure. Safety should be considered a non-negotiable aspect, and necessary funds should
be allocated to ensure a secure working environment.

These identified management failures contributed to a deficient safety culture, allowing

unsafe behaviors to persist and resulting in the recent accident. Addressing these failures
is crucial for preventing future incidents and fostering a safer workplace.

Task 8: Reviewing performance

Question 10 (a) (i)

Organization Performance:

Active and Reactive Monitoring:

-Active Monitoring:

- Current Scenario: Lack of proactive safety measures, evidenced by frequent rule-

breaking and near misses.

- Proposed Improvement: Implementation of segregation measures and regular safety

audits can enhance active monitoring.

Question 10 (a) (ii)

Adequacy of Current Risk Assessments:

- Current Scenario: General risk assessments observed to be too vague and not
reflective of actual risks.

- Proposed Improvement: Specific risk assessments aligned with warehouse

conditions will enhance adequacy.
Question 10 (a) (iii)
Operational Procedures and Rules:

- Current Scenario: Inadequate enforcement of safety rules, evidenced by observed

unsafe behaviors.

- Proposed Improvement: Implementation of segregation solutions with clear

operational procedures will enhance compliance.

Question 10 (a) (iv)

Compliance with Legal Requirements:

-Current Scenario: Non-compliance issues led to a formal order from the labour
inspector.
- Proposed Improvement: Implementation of ISO 45001 ensures legal compliance and
reduces the risk of penalties.

Question 10 (b)

Benchmarking Information:

- Industry Safety Standards:

- Compare the organization's safety performance with industry-specific safety

benchmarks.

- Performance of Other Stores:

- Benchmark against safety performance data from other stores within the organization.

- Best Practices from Similar Retail Warehouses:

- Evaluate safety benchmarks and best practices from other retail warehouses of similar
scale and nature.

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End of examination