Cont

rol
onMar
inePol
l
uti
on

Sy
nopsis:meani
ngandnat
ureofmari
nepoll
uti
on–importanceofmar
ineenvir
onment–
majorpol
l
utant
s–inter
nat
ional
agr
eements/
convent
ions–solut
ion–otherconvent
ions

Meani ng:
Mar i
nepol l
uti
oni sthepol l
uti
onoft hemar ineenvir
onmentbyshipsofallt
ypes,incl
uding
fi
shingv essels+dumpi ngofgar bage,unt reat
edsewage,industr
ialwaste,hazardous
substances,oilspill
set c.
- Mar inepol luti
on f requentl
yor iginateson l and,ent
eri
ng theseav iar i
versand
pipel
ines
- Somepol lutionent ersthemar ineenv ir
onmentf r
om t
heair,whenpoisonousgases
andaer osolparti
clesdr oppedi ntothesea
- Addi ti
onalpol l
utioni sactuall
ycr eatedatseabyact iv
iti
essuchasdredging,dril
li
ng
foroilandmi nerals,shippingetc

Importanceofmar ineenv i
ronment :
- Theseawhi chcov ersaround70%oft heear ths’surf
ace,ishousetomi l
l
ionsoffi
sh,
crust
aceans, mammal s,mi cr
o-organismsandpl ants
- Pr ov i
desv i
tal
sour ceoffoodf orbothanimal sandpeopl e
- Thousandsofbi r
dsr el
yont heseaf ortheirdail
yfoodsuppl i
es
- Fi sherment hr
oughoutt hewor ldcatchov er90mi ll
i
ont onnesoffi
sheveryy ear
- Peopl edependonseasf ortheirmedici
nes( from marineanimalsandplants)

Mar
ine–maj orpoll
utants:
- Toxics(f
rom industri
alpr
ocess,radi
oact
ivesubstance,untr
eat
edsewageet
c)
- Oil(f
rom ref
ineri
es+spi l
l
s)
- Plasti
c(f
ishi
ngpl asti
cnets,cont
ainer
setc)
- Dredgedmat eri
al(>200mi l
l
iontonnesofdredgedmat eri
al)

I
nter
nat
ional Agreements(
forprotecti
onofmar i
neenv i
ronment):
- Gener alrul
esconcerni
ngt heprotect
ionofthemar ineenvi
ronmentfrom pol
l
uti
onof
t
hemar i
neenv i
ronmentfrom pol l
uti
onarewel ldevelopedatt heregi
onalandglobal
l
evel
s,l
argelyasar esul
tofthetreati
esandotherint
ernati
onalActsadopt
edbySt at
es.

 UnitedNat ionsConv entionont heLawoft heSea, 1982[ UNCLOS, 1982](>120States)

- compr ehensi vef r
amewor kt hatsetsf orthther ight
sandobl igationoftheSt ates
w/rt ot heusesoft heocean
- cont rol ofeconomi cacti
vity
- pr otect ionofmar i
neenv ir
onment
- commer cialnav i
gat i
on
- aut hor isest err
itor
ialseaofupt o12naut icalmi l
es( sover
eignrightsoverfi
sheries
andot hernat uralresources)
 Conv entionf ort heI nternat
ionalCounci lf
ort heExpor t
ationoftheSea[ ICES],1902-
ol
desti nter gov ernment almarinesci enceor ganisati
on
 TheConv ent ionon t hePrev entionofMar i
nePol luti
onbyDumpi ngofWast esand
OtherMat ter ,London, 1972[LondonConv ention,1972]
 GlobalPr ogr am ofAct ionfort hePr otecti
onoft heMar ineEnvir
onmentf r
om Land-
BasedAct i
v i
t i
es, 1995

1|
Sheel
aGanesh,
JSSLC-LoE
 Conv enti
onf ortheNor thPacifi
cMar ineScienceOr ganisation[ PI
CEs],1992
 SouthPaci fi
cRegi onalEnvi
ronmentPr ogramme, 1995[ SPREP]
I nt
ernat i
onalConv enti
onfort heConser vati
onofAt l
anticTunas, 1966
I nt
ernat i
onalConv enti
onfort hePr eventionofPollutionforShi ps,1973/83[ MARPOL]-
pri
mar yint
ernationalagreementai medatpr ev
ent i
ngorr educinginternati
onaland
accidentalpoll
utionfrom shipsint othemar i
neenvironment
I nt
ernat i
onalConv entiononLi abili
tyandCompensat i
onf orDamagei nconnect ion
wit
ht heCar ri
ageofHazar dousandNoxi ousSubst ancesbySea[ HNSConv enti
on]
,
1996
 ++ Ot hers – Hel sinki Conv ention; Mont r
eal Gui delines, Basel Conv ent
ion
(Tr
ansboundar yMov ementofHazar dousWast esandt heirdisposal)

Sol
uti
on:
- Pr
event
ioni
sbett
erthancur
e–precaut
ionar
ypri
ncipl
e
- WWF’si
nter
nat
ional
Mar i
nePol
l
uti
onPreventi
onProgr
amme

2|
Sheel
aGanesh,
JSSLC-LoE