PHP Conditional Statements

While writing programs/scripts, there will be scenarios where you would want to execute a
particular statement only if some condition is satisfied. In such situations we use Conditional
statements.
In PHP, there are 4 different types of Conditional Statements.
 if statements
 if...else statements
 if...elseif...else statements
 switch statement
if statement:
When we want to execute some code when a condition is true, then we use if statement.
Syntax:
if(condition)
{
// code to be executed if 'condition' is true
}
The if...else statement
When we want to execute some code when a condition is true, and some other code when that
condition is false, then we use the if...else pair.

Syntax:
if(condition)
{
// code to be executed if 'condition' is true
}
else
{
// code to be executed if 'condition' is false
}
Example,
<?php
$age = 26;
if($age <= 25)
{
echo "You are not allowed to consume alchohol";
}
else
{
echo "Enjoy the drinks";
}
?>
Output:
Enjoy the drinks

The if...else...elseif statement

When we want to execute different code for different set of conditions, and we have more than
2 possible conditions, then we use if...elseif...else pair.
Syntax:
if(condition1)
{
// code to be executed if 'condition1' is true
}
elseif(condition2)
{
// code to be executed if 'condition2' is true
}
else
{
/* code to be executed if both 'condition1'
and 'condition2' are false */
}
Example,
<?php
// speed in kmph
$speed = 110;

if($speed < 60)

{
echo "Safe driving speed";
}
elseif($speed > 60 && $speed < 100)
{
echo "You are burning extra fuel";
}
else
{
// when speed is greater than 100
echo "Its dangerous";
}
?>
output
Its dangerous
In the example above, we have also used logical operator &&. Logical operators are very useful
while writing multiple conditions together.
The switch statement
A switch statement is used to perform different actions, based on different conditions.
Using a switch statement, we can specify multiple conditions along with the code to be executed
when that condition is true, thereby implementing a menu style program.
Syntax
switch(X) // X can be a variable or an expression.
{
case value1:
// execute this code when X=value1
break;
case value2:
 // execute this code when X=value2
break;
case value3:
// execute this code when X=value3
break;
...
default:
/* execute this when X matches none of
of the specified options */
}
Example
<?php
$car = "Jaguar";

switch($car)
{
case "Audi":
echo "Audi is amazing";
break;
case "Mercedes":
echo "Mercedes is mindblowing";
break;
case "Jaguar":
echo "Jaguar is the best";
break;
default:
echo "$car is Ok";
}
?>
Output
Jaguar is the best

Iterative Statements/Loops
A Loop is used to execute something over and over again.
PHP supports:
 while loop
 do… while loop
 for loop
 foreach loop
PHP while Loop
The while loop in PHP has two components, one is a condition and other is the code to be
executed. It executes the given code until the specified condition is true.
Syntax:
<?php
while(condition)
{
 /*
execute this code till the
condition is true
*/
}
?>
For example, let's take the problem mentioned in the beginning of this tutorial. Let's print
numbers from 1 to 10.
<?php
$a = 1;
while($a <= 10)
{
echo "$a | ";
$a++; // incrementing value of a by 1
}
?>
output
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
PHP do...while Loop
The do...while loop is a little different from all the loops in PHP because it will execute at
least one time, even if the condition is false, can you guess how? Well because the condition
is checked after the loop's execution, hence the first time when the condition is checked,
the loop has already executed once.
Syntax:
<?php
do {
/*
execute this code till the
condition is true
*/
} while(condition)
?>
<?php
$a = 1;
do {
echo "$a | ";
$a++; // incrementing value of a by 1
} while($a <= 10)
?>

1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |

<?php
$a = 11;
 do {
echo $a;
$a++; // incrementing value of a by 1
} while($a <= 10)
?>
PHP for Loop
The for loop in PHP doesn't work like while or do...while loop, in case of for loop, we have to
declare beforehand how many times we want the loop to run.
Syntax:
<?php
for(initialization; condition; increment/decrement)
{
/*
execute this code till the
condition is true
*/
}
?>
The parameters used have following meaning:
initialization: Here we initialize a variable with some value. This variable acts as the loop
counter.
condition: Here we define the condition which is checked after each iteration/cycle of the
loop. If the condition returns true, then only the loop is executed.
increment/decrement: Here we increment or decrement the loop counter as per the
requirements.

Example

<?php

for($a = 1; $a <= 10; $a++)

{
echo "$a <br/>";
}
?>
output
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Nested for Loops
We can also use a for loop inside another for loop. Here is a simple example of nested for
loops.
<?php

for($a = 0; $a <= 2; $a++)

{
for($b = 0; $b <= 2; $b++)
{
echo "$b $a ";
}
}

?>
output
00
10
20
01
11
21
02
12
22

PHP foreach Loop

The foreach loop in PHP is used to access key-value pairs of an array. This loop only works
with arrays and you do not have to initialise any loop counter or set any condition for exiting
from the loop, everything is done implicitly(internally) by the loop.
Syntax:
<?php
foreach($array as $var)
{
/*
execute this code for all the
array elements

$var will represent all the array

elements starting from first element,
one by one
*/
}
?>
Example:

<?php

$array = array("Jaguar", "Audi", "Mercedes", "BMW");

foreach($array as $var)
{
echo "$var <br/>";
}

?>
output
Jaguar
Audi
Mercedes
BMW

Arrays
In PHP, there are three kinds of arrays:
 Numeric array - An array with a numeric index
 Associative array - An array where each ID key is associated with a value
 Multidimensional array - An array containing one or more arrays
________________________________________
Numeric Arrays
 A numeric array stores each array element with a numeric index.
 There are two methods to create a numeric array.
In the following example the indexes are automatically assigned (the index starts at
0):
$cars=array("Saab","Volvo","BMW","Toyota");
In the following example we assign the index manually:
$cars[0]="Saab";
$cars[1]="Volvo";
$cars[2]="BMW";
$cars[3]="Toyota";
Example
In the following example you access the variable values by referring to the array name and
index:
<?php
$cars[0]="Saab";
$cars[1]="Volvo";
$cars[2]="BMW";
$cars[3]="Toyota";
echo $cars[0] . " and " . $cars[1] . " are Swedish cars.";
?>
The code above will output:
Saab and Volvo are Swedish cars.
Associative Arrays
 An associative array, each ID key is associated with a value.
 When storing data about specific named values, a numerical array is not always the
best way to do it.
 With associative arrays we can use the values as keys and assign values to them.
Example 1
In this example we use an array to assign ages to the different persons:
$ages = array("Peter"=>32, "Quagmire"=>30, "Joe"=>34);
Example 2
This example is the same as example 1, but shows a different way of creating the array:
$ages['Peter'] = "32";
$ages['Quagmire'] = "30";
$ages['Joe'] = "34";
The ID keys can be used in a script:
<?php
$ages['Peter'] = "32";
$ages['Quagmire'] = "30";
$ages['Joe'] = "34";

echo "Peter is " . $ages['Peter'] . " years old.";

?>
The code above will output:
Peter is 32 years old.

Multidimensional Arrays
In a multidimensional array, each element in the main array can also be an array. And each
element in the sub-array can be an array, and so on.
Example
In this example we create a multidimensional array, with automatically assigned ID keys:
$families = array
(
"Griffin"=>array
(
"Peter",
"Lois",
"Megan"
),
"Quagmire"=>array
(
 "Glenn"
),
"Brown"=>array
(
"Cleveland",
"Loretta",
"Junior"
)
);
The array above would look like this if written to the output:
Array
(
[Griffin] => Array
(
[0] => Peter
[1] => Lois
[2] => Megan
)
[Quagmire] => Array
(
[0] => Glenn
)
[Brown] => Array
(
[0] => Cleveland
[1] => Loretta
[2] => Junior
)
)
Example 2
Lets try displaying a single value from the array above:
echo "Is " . $families['Griffin'][2] . " a part of the Griffin family?";
The code above will output:
Is Megan a part of the Griffin family?
Loops execute a block of code a specified number of times, or while a specified condition is
true.