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Unit 1.exercises

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12 views2 pages

Unit 1.exercises

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michael.mj.mj2004
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Group Problem Set #1

1. Let p, q, and r be the propositions


p : You obey your parents. q : You get rewarded. r : You will have a long life.
a. Express as an English sentence: (p → r) ∧ [(¬q ↔ ¬r) ∨ (p → q)]
b. Write the following proposition using p, q, and r and logical connectives (including negations):
You will have a long life if you obey your parents, or getting rewarded is a necessary condition for
having a long life, and not having a long life implies you disobey your parents.
2. Given the compound proposition: I go to the beach unless it is not a sunny summer day.
Write in “if-then” statement and state its
a. converse b. contrapositive c. inverse:
3. Evaluate each of these expressions:
a. 1 1000 ∧ (0 1011 ↔ 1 1111)
b. (1 1001 ∨ 0 1000) ∧ (1 0011 ∨ 1 1010)
c. (01 1110 ⊕ 11 1001) → 01 1010
4. Use De Morgan’s laws to express the negation of each of the following statements:
a. Kwame will either take a job in industry or go to graduate school, but not both.
b. Yoshiko knows Java if and only if he knows calculus.
c. James is young or strong.
d. If Rita loses her job, then she will move to Manila and go to school.
5. For what truth values of p, q, and r is the conditional statement true?
[(p ∨ q) ∧ ¬(p↔ r) ∧ (q⊕ r)] → r

6. Show that ¬p → (q → r) and q → (p ∨ r) are logically equivalent in two ways:


a. using truth table
b. using rules of inference and logical equivalences
7. The dual of a compound proposition that contains only the logical operators ∨, ∧, and ¬ is the
compound proposition obtained by replacing each ∨ by ∧, each ∧ by ∨, each T by F, and each F by T.
The dual of s is denoted by s∗. Find the dual of the compound proposition: (p ∧ ¬q) ∨ (q ∧ T)
8. Determine whether the compound proposition is satisfiable or not:
(¬p ∨ ¬q ∨ r) ∧ (¬p ∨ q ∨ ¬s) ∧ (p ∨ ¬q ∨¬s) ∧ (¬p ∨ ¬r ∨ ¬s) ∧ (p ∨ q ∨ ¬r) ∧ (p ∨¬r ∨ ¬s)

9. Translate the statement into English, where R(x) is “x is an ostrich ” and H(x) is “x flies” and the domain
consists of all birds.
a. ∀𝑥(𝑅(𝑥) → 𝐻(𝑥)) b. ∀𝑥(𝑅(𝑥) ∧ 𝐻(𝑥)) c) ∃𝑥(𝑅(𝑥) → 𝐻(𝑥)) d) ∃𝑥(𝑅(𝑥) ∧ 𝐻(𝑥))
10. Let 𝑄(𝑥) be the statement “𝑥 - 1 > -5𝑥.” If the domain consists of all integers, what are these truth
values?
a. 𝑄(0) b. 𝑄(−1) c. 𝑄(1) d. ∃𝑥𝑄(𝑥) e. ∀𝑥𝑄(𝑥) f . ∃𝑥¬𝑄(𝑥) g. ∀𝑥¬𝑄(𝑥)

11. Determine the truth value of each of these statements if the domain of each variable consists of all
real numbers:
2 2 2 3
a. ∃𝑥(𝑥 + 1 = 5) b. ∃𝑥(𝑥 = 3) c. ∀𝑥(𝑥 + 2≥1) d. ∀𝑥(𝑥 ≠ 𝑥)
12. Express the negation of these propositions using quantifiers, and then express the negation in
English.
a. Some drivers do not obey the speed limit. b. All Korean movies are entertaining.
c. Nobody is perfect. d. There is someone in this class who does not have a good attitude.

13. Use rules of inference to show that the hypotheses: “If it does not rain or if it is not foggy, then the
sailing race will be held and the lifesaving demonstration will go on,” “If the sailing race is held, then
the trophy will be awarded,” and “The trophy was not awarded” imply the conclusion: “It rained.”
14. For each of these arguments, explain which rules of inference are used for each step.
a. “Linda, a student in this class, owns a red convertible. Everyone who owns a red convertible has gotten
at least one speeding ticket. Therefore, someone in this class has gotten a speeding ticket.”
b. “All movies produced by John Sayles are wonderful. John Sayles produced a movie about coal miners.
Therefore, there is a wonderful movie about coal miners.”
c. “There is someone in this class who has been to Palawan. Everyone who goes to Palawan visits the
Underground River. Therefore, someone in this class has visited the Underground River. ”

15. Use rules of inference to show that if ∀𝑥(𝑃 (𝑥) ∨ 𝑄(𝑥)) and ∀𝑥((¬𝑃(𝑥) ∧ 𝑄(𝑥)) → 𝑅(𝑥)) are true, then
∀𝑥(¬𝑅(𝑥) → 𝑃(𝑥)) is also true, where the domains of all quantifiers are the same.
16. Prove that these four statements about the integer n are equivalent:
2 3 2
(i) 𝑛 is odd (ii) 1– 𝑛 is even (iii) 𝑛 is odd (iv) 𝑛 + 1 is even.

17. Prove or disprove:


𝑥 𝑦
If x and y are real numbers and b is a nonzero integer, then 𝑏 = 𝑏 implies x = y .

GOD BLESS US ALL

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