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Hyperbolic Function

Hyperbolic function

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Hyperbolic Function

Hyperbolic function

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martinbroto44
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Maths > Math Article > HyperboLIC Function

Hyperbolic Functions
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In Mathematics, the hyperbolic functions are similar to the trigonometric functions


or circular functions. Generally, the hyperbolic functions are defined through the
algebraic expressions that include the exponential function (ex) and its inverse
exponential functions (e-x), where e is the Euler’s constant. Here, we are going to
discuss the basic hyperbolic functions, its properties, identities, and examples in
detail.

Also, read:

Algebraic Expressions
Inverse Functions
Trigonometric Identities
Derivatives

Hyperbolic Function Definition


The hyperbolic functions are analogs of the circular function or the trigonometric
functions. The hyperbolic function occurs in the solutions of linear differential
equations, calculation of distance and angles in the hyperbolic geometry, Laplace’s
equations in the cartesian coordinates. Generally, the hyperbolic function takes
place in the real argument called the hyperbolic angle. The basic hyperbolic
functions are:

Hyperbolic sine (sinh)


Hyperbolic cosine (cosh)
Hyperbolic tangent (tanh)

From these three basic functions, the other functions such as hyperbolic cosecant
(cosech), hyperbolic secant(sech) and hyperbolic cotangent (coth) functions are
derived. Let us discuss the basic hyperbolic functions, graphs, properties, and
inverse hyperbolic functions in detail.

Hyperbolic Functions Formulas


The basic hyperbolic functions formulas along with its graph functions are given
below:

Hyperbolic Sine Function


The hyperbolic sine function is a function f: R → R is defined by f(x) = [ex– e-x]/2 and
it is denoted by sinh x

Sinh x = [ex– e-x]/2

Graph : y = Sinh x

x'- -Х

y'

Hyperbolic Cosine Function


The hyperbolic cosine function is a function f: R → R is defined by f(x) = [ex +e-x]/2
and it is denoted by cosh x

cosh x = [ex + e-x]/2

Graph : y = cosh x

X'- -X

Y'

Hyperbolic Tangent Function


The hyperbolic tangent function is a function f: R → R is defined by f(x) = [ex – e-x] /
[ex + e-x] and it is denoted by tanh x

tanh x = [ex – e-x] / [ex + e-x]

Graph : y = tanh x

y'

Properties of Hyperbolic Functions


The properties of hyperbolic functions are analogous to the trigonometric functions.
Some of them are:

1. Sinh (-x) = -sinh x


2. Cosh (-x) = cosh x
3. Sinh 2x = 2 sinh x cosh x
4. Cosh 2x = cosh2x + sinh2x

The derivatives of hyperbolic functions are:

1. d/dx sinh (x) = cosh x


2. d/dx cosh (x) = sinh x

Some relations of hyperbolic function to the trigonometric function are as follows:

1. Sinh x = – i sin(ix)
2. Cosh x = cos (ix)
3. Tanh x = -i tan(ix)

Hyperbolic Function Identities


The hyperbolic function identities are similar to the trigonometric functions. Some
identities are:

Pythagorean Trigonometric Identities

cosh2 (x) – sinh2 (x) = 1


tanh2 (x) + sech2 (x) = 1
coth2 (x) – cosech2 (x) = 1

Sum to Product

sinh x + sinh y = 2 sinh( (x+y)/2) cosh((x-y)/2)


sinh x – sinh y = 2 cosh((x+y)/2) sinh((x-y)/2)
cosh x + cosh y = 2 cosh((x+y)/2) cosh((x-y)/2)
cosh x – cosh y = 2 sinh((x+y)/2) sinh((x-y)/2)

Product to Sum

2 sinh x cosh y = sinh(x + y) + sinh(x -y)


2 cosh x sinh y = sinh(x + y) – sinh(x – y)
2 sinh x sinh y = cosh(x + y) – cosh(x – y)
2 cosh x cosh y = cosh(x + y) + cosh(x – y).

Sum and Difference Identities

sinh(x ± y) = sinh x cosh x ± coshx sinh y


cosh(x ±y) = cosh x cosh y ± sinh x sinh y
tanh(x ±y) = (tanh x ± tanh y) / (1± tanh x tanh y )
coth(x ±y) = (coth x coth y ± 1) / (coth y ±coth x)

Inverse Hyperbolic Functions


The inverse function of hyperbolic functions is known as inverse hyperbolic
functions. It is also known as area hyperbolic function. The inverse hyperbolic
function provides the hyperbolic angles corresponding to the given value of the
hyperbolic function. Those functions are denoted by sinh-1, cosh-1, tanh-1, csch-1,
sech-1, and coth-1. The inverse hyperbolic function in complex plane is defined as
follows:

Sinh-1 x = ln(x + √[1+x2])


Cosh-1 x = ln(x + √[x2-1])
Tanh-1 x = (½)[ln(1+x) – ln(1-x)

Hyperbolic Function Example


Example: Solve cosh2 x – sinh2 x

Solution:

Given: cosh2 x – sinh2 x

We know that

Sinh x = [ex– e-x]/2

cosh x = [ex + e-x]/2

cosh2 x – sinh2 x = [ [ex + e-x]/2 ]2 – [ [ex – e-x]/2 ]2

cosh2 x – sinh2 x = (4ex-x) /4

cosh2 x – sinh2 x = (4e0) /4

cosh2 x – sinh2 x = 4(1) /4 = 1

Therefore, cosh2 x – sinh2 x = 1

Download BYJU’S – The Learning App for Maths-related concepts and also watch
personalized videos to learn with ease.

Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs


Q1 What are hyperbolic functions used for?

We may also use hyperbolic functions to define distance in specific non-


Euclidean geometry, which means estimating the angles and distances in
hyperbolic geometry.

Q2 How do you find the hyperbolic function?

We can find the hyperbolic functions using the formulas given below:
sinh x = [e^x– e^-x]/2
cosh x = [e^x + e-^x]/2
tanh x = [e^x – e^-x] / [e^x + e^-x] Using the reciprocal relation of these
functions, we can find the other hyperbolic functions.

Q3 What is Sinh used for?

Sinh is the hyperbolic sine function, the hyperbolic analogue of the Sin circular
function used throughout trigonometry. It is defined for real numbers by letting
the area be twice the axis and a ray through the origin intersecting the unit
hyperbola. Also, it is used when dealing with the second-order ordinary
differential equations.

Q4 What is the difference between trigonometric functions and hyperbolic


functions?

Trigonometric functions can be defined with rotations along a circle, while


hyperbolic functions can be defined with the use of rotations along a
hyperbola.

Q5 Are hyperbolic functions periodic?

As the hyperbolic functions are exponential functions, it is clear that they are
not periodic in R. Therefore, hyperbolic functions are periodic for the imaginary
component, with period 2πi.

Test your knowledge on Hyperbolic Function

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Select the correct answer and click on the “Finish”


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