DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL GHAZIABAD VASUNDHARA

MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS ( CH.3 & CH.4 )

CONCEPT SUMMARY :
1. Diagonal Matrix : A square matrix whose non diagonal entries are all zero.

1 0 0 
0 2 0 
 
0 0  5

2 Scalar Matrix : A diagonal matrix whose diagonal entries are same.

5 0 0
0 5 0
 
0 0 5

3.Matrix multiplication is not commutative in general. ( AB  BA )

4.Matrix multiplication is associative, whenever both sides are defined.

5.Matrix multiplication is distributive over addition : A ( B + C ) = AB + AC
( A + B ) C = AC + BC
6.The product of two matrices can be the null matrix while neither of them is the null
matrix.
7. If AB = O , then it does not necessarily imply that BA = O
8. Positive integral powers of a square matrix : A2= A.A , A3= A2.A , Am.An= Am+n

 
9. If A = d1d 2 d 3...............d n  is a diagonal matrix , then AK = d1k d 2k d 3k ................d nk where n

 N.
10. ( A + B )T=AT+BT , ( A B )T = BTAT
11. Symmetric Matrix AT= A
12. Skew Symmetric Matrix AT= -A
13. All +ve integral powers of a Symmetric Matrix are SYMMETRIC
14. All +ve ODD INTEGRAL powers of skew – symmetric matrix are SKEW-
SYMMETRIC.
15.All +ve EVEN INTEGRAL POWERS of a skew – symmetric matrix are symmetric.
16. If a row or a column of a determinant consists of all zeros , then the value of the
determinant will be zero .
17. The determinant of a diagonal matrix is the product of its diagonal elements.
18. The determinant of a SKEW – SYMMETRIC matrix of ODD ORDER is ZERO.
19 . The determinant of a SKEW- SYMMETRIC matrix of EVEN ORDER is a perfect
Square.
20. The determinant of a TRIANGULAR MATRIX ( Upper or Lower ) is equal to the
product of its diagonal elements.

21. A n  A n N
n

22. A square matrix is a singular matrix if its determinant = 0

23. The adjoint of a square matrix of order 2 is obtained by interchanging the diagonal
elements and changing signs of non- diagonal elements.

24. A(adjA) = ( adj A ) . A = A I n

25. ( AT ) 1  ( A 1 ) T
n 1
26. If A is a non- singular square matrix of order n , then adjA  A

A(adjA) = ( adj A ) . A = A I n

A 0 0

NOTE : If A is a 3 order matrix then A(adjA) = A I 3  0
rd 
 A 0
 0 0 A 

A (adjA)  A
3

A (adjA)  A
3

 adjA  A
2

27. adj AB = ( adj B ) ( adj A )

n2
28. adj ( adj A ) = A .A

1
29. If A is a non- singular square matrix , then A 1  A 1

A

30. System of simultaneous linear equations AX = B : CONSISTENT = One or more

 solutions
INCONSISTENT = NO SOLUTION

31 . A  0 ( UNIQUE SOLUTION )

32 . A  0 & ( adj A).B  0 ( INFINITELY MANY SOLUTIONS )

33. A  0 & ( adj A).B  0 ( NO SOLUTION )

34 If each element on one side of the principal diagonal of a determinant is zero , then
the value of the determinant is the product of the diagonal elements.

a b c
e.g. 0 d e  . Its determinant = adf

0 0 f 

35 A  AT

36 If any two rows ( or columns ) of a determinant are interchanged , then the value of
the determinant changes by minus sign only.

37 AB  A B

38 A 2  A. A  A A  A 2
A n  A A .......n times  A n

39 Inversal Law of Matrix Multiplication :  AB 1  B 1 A1

NOTE :
 AA1  A 1 A 1  A 2    A 
1 1 2

 
 Am
1
 
 A 1
m
,

For any positive integer m.

 
40 A 1
1
A

41 If A , B , C are all square matrices of order n and A is non singular , then

(i) AB = AC  B=C ( LEFT CANCELLATION LAW )
(ii) BA = CA  B = C ( RIGHT CANCELLATION LAW )
42 The area of triangle ABC whose vertices are A(a,b) , B(c,d) , C(e,f)
 a b 1
1
= the absolute value of c d 1
2
e f 1

a b 1
43 Three points A(a,b) , B(c,d) , C(e,f) will be collinear if c d 1  0 i.e. area of the
e f 1

triangle formed by these three points will be equal to zero.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

3  2 x x  1
Q1 If the matrix A = 
4 
is singular then x ?
 2
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c ) -1 (d ) -2

2 x 0   1 0
Q2 If A =   and A-1 =   then x = ?
 x x  1 2
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c ) ½ ( d ) -2

Q3 If A and B are square matrices of the same order then ( A + B )2 = ?

(a ) A2 + 2AB + B2 (b) A2 + AB + BA + B2 ( c ) A2 +2BA + B2 ( d ) none of these

Q4 Which of the following is a scalar matrix ?

1 1 6 0   8 0 
(a )   (b)   (c)   (d) none of these
1 1 0 3  0  8

3 4 
Q5 If A is an invertible matrix and A-1 =   then A = ?
5 6 
 6  4 1 / 3 1 / 4 3 2 
(a)   ( b)   (c)   ( d ) none of these
 5 3  1 / 5 1 / 6 5 / 2  3 / 2
Q6 Let A be a non singular matrix of order 3 x 3 such that |A| = 5. What is |adj A|?

(a) 5 (b) 25 (c ) 125 (d ) 45

 1 2
Q7 If A = [ ] then find the value of k if |2A|=k|A|
4 2
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c ) ½ (d)4

Q8 If A and B are square matrices of the same order then ( B - A)2 = ?

(a ) A2 - 2AB + B2 (b) A2 - AB - BA + B2 ( c ) A2 -2BA + B2 ( d ) none of these

Q9 Which of the following is a diagonal matrix ?

1 1 6 0 0 3
(a ) [ ] (b) [ ] (c)[ ] (d) none of these
1 1 0 3 3 0
2 3
Q10 If A is an invertible matrix and A-1 = [ ] then A = ?
5 6

6 −4 1/3 1/4 −3 2
(b) [ ] ( b) [ ] (c)[ ] ( d ) none of these
−5 3 1/5 1/6 5/2 −3/2

Q11 Transpose of a column matrix is?

(a) Zero matrix (b) diagonal matrix (c) column matrix (d) row matrix
sin 20   cos 20 
Q12 The value of is?
sin 70  cos70 

1
(a) 0 (b) –1 (c) 1 (d)
2
Q 13. If A is a square matrix such that |𝐴| = 5 , write the value of |𝐴𝐴𝑇 | .
1
(a) 0 (b) –5 (c) 25 (d)
2
(i  j) 2
Q14.If A is a square matrix such that aij = , then
2
(a) Non invertible matrix (b) symmetric matrix (c) skew-symmetric matrix (d) None
 0 1 2
Q15 . For what value of k, the matrix A =   1 0 3k  will be a skew-symmetric matrix ?
 
 2 1 1 

1 2
(a) 0 (b) No value of k (c) (d)
3 3
 0 0 2
Q 16 The matrix A = 0 2 0 is a
 
2 0 0

(a)Scalar matrix (b) diagonal matrix (c) square matrix (d) none of these

1 0 0
Q17 The matrix A = 0 2 0 is a
 
0 0 3

(a) Scalar matrix (b) symmetric matrix (c) skew symmetric matrix (d) none of
these

1 2 
2  1 3  3 4  , then
Q18 If A =   and B =
 4 5  6  
5  6

(a) Only AB is defined (b) only BA is defined

(c) AB and BA are both defined (d) AB and BA both are not defined
Q 19 If A is any m  n matrix and B is a matrix such that AB and BA are both defined , then B
is a matrix of order
(a) m  n (b) n  n (c) m  m (d) n  m

Q20 If A is any m  n matrix and B is a matrix such that AT B and B AT are both defined , then
B is a matrix of order
(a) m  n (b) n  n (c) m  m (d) n  m
Q21 If A and B are square matrices of same order , then (A+B)(A-B) is equal to

(a) A 2  B 2 (b) A 2  BA  AB  B 2 (c) A 2  AB  BA  B 2 (d) A 2  AB  BA  B 2

1 2 
Q22 If A =   and A 2  xA  I 2 , then the value of x is
 2 3
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) -2 (d) -4

1 1
Q23 If A =   and n  N , then A n is equal to
1 1

(a) nA (b) 2nA (c) 2 n 1 A (d) 2 n A

 1 1
Q24 If A =   satisfies A5  k A , then the value of k is
1 1
(a) 5 (b) 8 (c) 16 (d) 32

Q25 If A and B are square matrices of same order , then AB T  BA T is a

(a) Skew-symmetric matrix (b) symmetric matrix
(C ) null matrix (d) unit matrix
Q26 If A and B are symmetric matrices of same order , then AB-BA is a
(a) Skew-symmetric matrix (b) symmetric matrix
(C ) null matrix (d) unit matrix

Q27 If A is a symmetric matrix and n  N , then A n is

(a) Skew-symmetric matrix (b) symmetric matrix
(C ) diagonal matrix (d) none of these

Q28 If A is a skew – symmetric matrix and n is a positive even integer , then A n is

(a) Skew-symmetric matrix (b) symmetric matrix
(C ) diagonal matrix (d) none of these

Q29 If A is a skew – symmetric matrix and n is an odd positive integer , then A n is

(a) Skew-symmetric matrix (b) symmetric matrix
(C ) diagonal matrix (d) none of these

 5 x2 
Q30 If the matrix   is symmetric , then the values of x are
3 x  2 x  1

( a) 1,2 (b) 1,5 (c) -1,-2 (d) 1,4

 0  1 3x 
Q31 If the matrix A =  1 y  5 is skew symmetric , then the value of (5x-y) is

 6 5 0 

(a) -10 (b) 10 ( c) 0 ( d) 11

0 a b 
Q32 The determinant of matrix A =  a 0  5c  is

 
  b 5c 0 
 (a) 5a (b) 0 ( c ) ab (d) –abc

Q33 If A is a square matrix of order 3  3 s.t. A  4 , then A 2 will be equal to

(a) 2 (b) -16 (c) 16 ( d) 4

Q34 If A is a square matrix of order 3  3 s.t. 3 A  k A , then the value of k will be

(a) 3 (b)  3 (c) 27 (d) 9

Q35 If A and B are the square matrices of order 3 such that A   1 and B  3 , then the

value of 3 AB will be

(a) -9 (b) 9 (c) 81 (d) -81

Q36 If A is a square matrix and A  2 , then the value of AA T will be equal to

(a) 4 (b) -4 (c) 8 (d) 16

Q36 If A and B are square matrices of same order such that A   2 and AB = I , then the value

of B  ?

1 1
(a) 2 (b) -2 (c) (d) 
2 2

 x  4 2  x 2 x  1
Q37 If A =  ,B and AB  12 , then the value(s) of x are
 3 1 2
 5 

(a) 2,-2 (b) 4,-4 (c) 1,5 (d) 3,2

Q38 If A is square matrix of order 3 and A  7 , then adjA  ?

(a) 7 (b) 49 (c) 7 (d) 21

Q39 If A is square matrix of order 3 and A  9 , then 2 adjA  ?

(a) 81 (b) 162 (c) 648 (d) 54

Q40 If A is a non-singular square matrix of order 3 s.t. adjA  225 , then AT  ?

(a) 15 (b) 500 (c) 15,-15 (d) 675

8 0
Q41 If for any square matrix A of second order , A(adjA) =   , then the value of A  ?
0 8 
 (a) 8 (b) 64 (c) 0 (d) 16

1 4 4 
Q42 If the adjoint of a matrix P is 2 1 7 , then the value(s) of the determinant of P is
 
1 1 3

(a) 2,-2 (b) 3,2 (c) 3,-3 (d) not defined

 cos x sin x  1 0
Q43 Given that A =   and A(adjA)  k   , then the value of k is
 sin x cos x  0 1 
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 0

22 23 24
Q 44 The value of 2 3 24 2 5 is
24 25 26

(a) 2 9 (b) 2 6 (c) 213 (d) 0

Q45 If for matrix A , A3  I , then A 1  ?

(a) A (b) A 2 (c) A 3 (d) none of these

Q46 If A and B are two non-singular matrices of same order , then

(a) AB is non singular (b) AB is singular (c)  AB 1  A1 B 1 (d) AB is not
invertible

2 x 0   1 0
Q47 If A =   and A 1    , then the value of x is
 x x   1 2

1 1
(a) 2 (b)  (c) 1 (d)
2 2

 3 0 0
Q49 If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that A(adjA) =  0  3 0  , then A is equal to

 0 0  3

(a) 9 (b) -3 (c) -6 (d) 3

 2 0 0
Q50 If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that A(adjA) =  0  2 0  , then adj A is

 0 0  2

equal to
 (a) -2 (b) -4 (c) 4 (d) -8
Q51 If A and B are invertible matrices of same order , then which of the following statement is
not true ?

(a) A 1  A 1
(b) adj A = A A 1 (c)  A  B 1  B 1  A1 (d)  AB 1  B 1 A1

SECTION-B

5 2 3
Q1 For what value of k , the given matrix A =  2 5  7 is skew symmetric ?
 
  3 k 5 

5 0 0 
Q2 For what value of k , the matrix B =   is a scalar matrix ?
0 0 k 

Q3 Form a matrix of order 3  1 whose general entry is aij  2  i  j

3
Q4 If A = 1 2 3 & B =  0  then check whether the commutative law of multiplication is
 
 5
verified or not ?
Q5 Prove that the diagonal elements of a skew-symmetric matrix are all zero.
Q 6 If a matrix is both symmetric and skew-symmetric , then show that it is a null matrix.

 2  1  1  8  10
Q 7 Find the matrix A such that  1 0  A   1 2 5 
  
 3 4   9 22 15 

 xy 4  8 w
Q 8 If      , find the values of x,y,z and w
z  6 x  y 0 6 
 1  1 0 2 2  4
Q 9 If A = 2 3 4 andB   4 2  4 are two square matrices, find AB and hence
  
0 1 2  2  1 5 
solve the system of linear equations:
x-y =3 , 2x +3y +4z = 17 , y+2z =7.

2  3 5 
Q 10 If A = 3 2  4 find A 1 and hence solve the system of linear equations:
1 1  2

2x-3y+5z = 11 , 3x +2y-4z = -5 , x+y-2z = -3

2 3 1

Q11 If A =  3 2 1 find A 1 and hence solve the system of linear equations:
 5  4 2

2x-3y+5z = 11 , 3x +2y-4z = -5 , x+y+2z = -3

Q12 Solve by matrix method :

2/x -3/y +3/z = 10 , 1/x +1/y+1/z =10, 3/x-1/y +2/z = 13

CASE STUDY QUESTIONS

Three shopkeepers P,Q and R go to a grocery store to buy food items .P purchases 10 dozens
eggs , 5 dozen chocolates and 12 dozen toffees . Q purchases 6 dozen eggs , 8 dozen chocolates
and 9 dozen toffees . R purchases 6 dozen eggs , 10 dozen chocolates and 12 dozen toffees . An
egg costs Rs. 10 , a chocolate costs Rs. 2 and a toffee costs Rs. 1 . On the basis of this
information , answer the following questions
1) In order to calculate the total bill of each shopkeeper , the above information can be
expressed in the matrix form as :
P  10 5 12 120  1464  P  10 6 6  120  1416 
(a) Q   6 8 9   24   1010  (b) Q   5 8 10  24    912 
    
R   6 10 12  12  1104  R  12 9 12  12  1800 

P  10 5 12 10 1220  P  120  10 5 12 3240 

© Q   6 8 9   2    85  (d) Q   24   6 8 9    552 
    
R   6 10 12  1  1220  R   12   6 10 12  336 
 2) Which shopkeeper has the highest bill
(a) P (b) Q (c) R (d) P & R
3) What is the difference between the bills of P and R
(a) 0 (b) 386 ( c) 360 (d) 2904
4) Which of the following can not be multiplied
10 5 12 120  10 6 6  120 

(a) 6 8 9
  24  (b)  5 8 10  24 
     
 6 10 12  12  12 9 12  12 

120  10 5 12  10 5 12 10 

( c)  24   6 8 9  (d) 6 8 9 2
     
 12   6 10 12   6 10 12  1 

5) Which of the following can not be calculated

10 5 12 10 6 6
(a) 6 8 9 (b) 5 8 10
6 10 12 12 9 12

10
10 5
( c) (d ) 6
6 8
8
Q2 The sum of three numbers is 6 . If we multiply the third number by three and add second
number to it , we get 11 . By adding the first and third numbers , we get double of the second
number . If the three numbers are denoted by x,y and z respectively , then on the basis of this
information , answer the following questions.
1) The information can be represented algebraically as :

x yz6 x yz6
(a ) y  3 z  11 ( b) 3 y  z  11
x  z  2y x  z  2y

x yz6 x yz6
( c ) y  3 z  11 (d) 3 y  3 z  11
x  y  2z x  z  2y
 2) If above information is expressed in the form AX = B , where A is a coefficient matrix ,
the A will be
1 1 1 6
(a) 0 1 3 ( b ) 11
1 2 1  0 

1 1 1 1 1 1 
( c) 0 1 3 ( d ) 0 1 3 
1  2 1 1 1  2

Q3 The value of A is :

(a) 8 ( b) 9 (c) -8 (d) 4

Q4 The minors of Coefficient matrix A are :

7 3  1 7  3  1

(a)  3 0 3  (b) 3 0  3
  
 2  3 1  2 3 1 

 7 3 2  7 3 2
(c )  3 0  3 
( d )  3 0 3
 1 3 1    1  3 1

Q5 The values of x , y , z are :

(a) x 1, y  2 , z  3 ( b ) x  1, y   2 , z   3

(c ) x  3 , y  2 , z 1 ( d ) x, y , z are not defined