Scribd
Upload
32 views3 pages

ICT Revision Notes

Uploaded by

Unicorn Believer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
32 views3 pages

ICT Revision Notes

Uploaded by

Unicorn Believer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

ICT Revision Notes: Types and Components of a Computer System

Hardware
Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system that can be
touched. It is divided into internal and external hardware.
Internal Hardware

Motherboard: The central hub that connects all components of the computer.

Central Processing Unit (CPU): Often referred to as the brain of the computer,
responsible for executing instructions.

Random Access Memory (RAM): Temporary storage for data and programs while
the computer is in use.

Internal Storage Devices: Includes Hard Disk Drives (HDD) and Solid State Drives
(SSD) for permanent data storage.

Graphics Card: Handles visual output and enhances video quality.

Sound Card: Manages audio output.

Network Interface Card: Enables network connectivity.

External Hardware

Input Devices: Keyboard, mouse, scanner, webcam, microphone, touchscreen.

Output Devices: Monitor, printer, speakers.

External Storage Devices: USB drives, external hard drives.

Software
Software consists of sets of instructions that tell the hardware what to do. It is
categorized into system software and application software.
Application Software

Software for specific tasks such as word processing, spreadsheets, and database
management.
Examples include Microsoft Word, Excel, and various graphic and audio editing tools.

System Software

Operating System: Manages hardware and software resources, providing a platform


for applications to run.

Device Drivers: Allow the operating system to communicate with hardware devices.

Compilers: Translate code into machine language.

Linkers: Combine multiple object files into a single executable.

Utility Software: Assists with file management, installations, and virus protection.

Data Types: Analog vs. Digital


Data can be classified as either analog or digital:

Digital Data: Processed in binary format (0s and 1s), discrete in nature.

Analog Data: Continuous data representing physical quantities, such as sound or


temperature.

Analog data must be converted to digital format for computer processing using an
Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC).

Main Components of a Computer System

The main components include:

Input Devices: Allow user interaction.

Central Processing Unit (CPU): Processes instructions.

Internal Memory: Temporary storage (RAM) and permanent storage (HDD/SSD).

Output Devices: Display results to the user.

Types of Memory

RAM: Volatile memory that loses data when power is off.

ROM: Non-volatile memory that retains data, typically storing the BIOS.

Operating Systems
Operating systems facilitate computer operation and user interaction. They manage
input/output, storage devices, and application execution.

User Interfaces

Graphical User Interface (GUI): User-friendly interface using windows, icons, and
pointers.

Command Line Interface (CLI): Text-based interface requiring knowledge of


commands.

Types of Computers
Common types of computers include:

 Desktops

 Laptops

 Tablets

 Smartphones

Each type has its advantages and disadvantages regarding screen size, portability,
and keyboard size.
Emerging Technologies
Key emerging technologies include:

Artificial Intelligence (AI): Enhancements in safety, quality, and automation (e.g.,


self-driving cars).

Virtual Reality (VR): Immersive experiences using VR headsets.

Augmented Reality (AR): Overlays digital content onto the real world, enhancing
user interaction.

Robots: Used in various applications such as manufacturing and household chores.

Conclusion
This concludes the overview of the types and components of a computer system. For
further learning, please subscribe and provide feedback on topics

You might also like