CHAPTER ONE

1. ABOUT INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FUND

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO TRAINING PROGRAM
PURPOSE OF TRAINING The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme
(SIWES) was initiated in 1973 by the Industrial Training Fund (ITF). This was
to update practical knowledge of students in the Universities, Polytechnics
and Colleges of Technology. It was aimed at bridging the gap between the
theoretical knowledge acquired in classes and technical knowledge in the
industry by providing students with the opportunities to apply their
educational knowledge in real work situations. Over the years, SIWES has
contributed immensely to building the common pool of technical and allied
skills available in the Nigeria economy which are needed for the nation’s
industrial development. Furthermore, the place and relevance of SIWES is
underscored by the fact that the scheme contributes to improving the quality
of technical skills generally available in the pool from which employers source
technical manpower Its gives student the opportunity to blend the theoretical
knowledge acquired in the classroom and with practical hands on application
of knowledge required to perform work in the industry. Also it prepares
students for employment and makes the transition from school to the industry
easier after graduation. I undertook my SIWES at Edu Local Government
Secretariat . Lafiagi, Kwara State.
1.2 GENERAL OBJECTIVE OF SIWES
Is strategized for skill acquisition. It is in fact designed to prepare and expose
students of universities, polytechnics and colleges of education to the real-life
work situation they would encounter after graduation. Therefore, SIWES is
key factor required to inject and engender industrialization and economic
development in our nation through the induction of scientific and
technological skills on students. (Culled from Detailed Manual on SIWES
Guidelines and Operations for Tertiary Institutions).
1.3 History of SIWES The Students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme
(SIWES)
is a skill training programme designed to expose and prepare students
of universities, polytechnics and Colleges of Education for the industrial work
situation they are likely to meet after graduation. The scheme also affords
students the opportunity of familiarizing and exposing themselves to the
needed experience in handling equipment and machinery that are usually not
available in their institutions.

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 CHAPTER TWO
WEEK 1
Introduction to the Sub-devi
2.1 Tractor
Tractor is divided in to four (4) parts, namely:-
i. Front cast: consist of front axle and radiator
ii. Engine : consist of piston and ring, cylinder head and crank shift
iii. Gear box
iv. Transmission housing
Some part of tractor are: cloth pedal, gear levers, brake pedal, power take
of shitter differential lock e.t.c
Starting the Tractor Engine
Before any attempt is made to start the engine the lubrication and
maintenance point laid down in the operators hand be carefully checked,
check the oil and water level.
Stopping the Tractor Engine
1. Depress the clutch pedal and place the main gear level in neutral
2. Close the throttle and switch off the starter isolation key
3. Pull out the engine stop control and hold it out until the engine has
turning over
4. Turn off the supply tap and check primer off tap is closed (this should
be done if the tractor is to be left for a considerable time.
Week 2
2.2 AGRONOMY
- Agronomy: Is act of production field management Agronomy practices
- Land preparation
- Planting

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- Weeding
- Fertilizer application
- Harvesting and processing.
A. Important requirement of Agronomy
- Soil (fertile)
- Water (rainfall)
- Pest and disease control
- Marketing
- Transportation
- Condition of harvest and storage.
B. Field Experimentation
This is the taking observation on the field under different control
condition for the purpose of accessing changes in such condition or is the
comprising of a number of crop production processes on a small plot with the
aim of finding the best in certain respect.
Week 3
Division of Field Experiment
- Emergence Score:- This is the number of crop that germinate after
planting.
- Supplying:- Replacement of missing stand
- Establishment score:- recounting after supplying.
- Plant height:- The height of the plant
- Stand count at harvest:- Total number of crop per plot that are due for
harvest.
- Tillering: Standing single plant that give birth or multiply itself in
number.
- Plant population: Total number of plant in a given area of a land.
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 - Field Techniques.
- Statistical Analysis
Some Terminologies in Field Experiment
Treatment, sample, black, population, replication, discard, gross plot,
net plot, demonstration plot, repetition, observation plot.
WEEK 4
Principle Underline in Field Experiment
1. Choice of site
2. History of site
3. Plot site and shape
4. Record keeping
5. Randomization and regulation
6. Uniformity trail
7. Uniformity and time of operation
8. Laying out experiment
9. Discard
C. Common disease of annual or field crops
Fungal disease
- Leaf spot
- Soft rot
- Corn smut
- Cereal smut
- Downy mildew of corn
- soyabeans rust
WEEK 5
Bacterial Disease
1. Blight diseases
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 2. Bacterial blight
3. Gummosis of square care
4. leaf blight of nice

Viral Disease
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMS), cassava mosaic (CMS), leaf cuil, rosette
diseases
Plant Diseases Control Method
1. Regulatory method
2. Biological method
3. Physical method
4. Chemical method
WEEK 6
D. Fertilizer and Herbicide
1. Fertilizer
Is a compound or material which when added to the soil increases the soil
fertilizer which help plant growth.
Types of Fertilizer
i. Organic
ii. In organic
Factors to Be Considered When Applying Fertilizer
i. Time of application
ii. Method of application
iii. Rate of application
iv. Nature of the soil

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Method of Fertilizer Application
i. Side or top placement
ii. Drilling
iii. Foliar application
iv. Broad casting
Uses of Fertilizer
i. It increase soil nutrition
ii. It increase crop productivity
iii. It improve quality of crop
WEEK 7
E. Chemicals
In crop protection we make us of various types of chemical (power and
liquid).
Classification of Chemical:-
i) Selective
ii) Non – selective
Example of selective chemical are Prim Gram, Prim Extro Gasping, Altar,
Tam Rice Rom Star 25 Etc. Example of non selective chemical are Romdupi
granmaxone, dalapon.
Advantage of Using Chemicals
i. Economical to use
ii. Labour saving
iii. prevent soil erosion
iv. preserve soil structure
Chemical Formation
1. Ec – Emocitiable concentration
2. Wp – Waterable powder
Oil base mixture is not subjected to water mixture.
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WEEK 8

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2.3 AGRO – FORESTRY
Definition: Is a land management techniques aim of growing food crops and
forest tree crops and raising livestock on a piece of land.
Advantages of Agro – Forestry
- Conserve the soil
- Prevent soil erosion
- Help in fixing nitrogen in the soil
- It encourage maximum utility
- Provides micro-climatic condition favourable for food crops and
livestock’s
- provide food and shelter
WEEK 9
Agro – Forestry System in Nigeria
1. Agro - Silviculture: Is the raising of food crops and trees.
2. Silvi - Pastoral System: This is the system of Agro – forestry where
tree crops and animal production is ensured. Plantation is established
and liver stock is allowed to graze.
3. Agro – Fisheries: This is a system where forest tree crops are found in
the coastal area where fish is raised.
4. Silvi Culture: Is a system where mulberry trees are with trees crops
and silkworm feed on these leaves and supply silkworm feed making
silk clothe.
1. Forestry Equipment
Hoe, cutlass, secateurs, hand trowel, spade rake go to hell, e.t.c.
Forestry Establishment: Up nursery, raising of seeding, transfer of
seeding to the permanent site, watering especially where there is no water,
fire terracing of site, controlling of pest and diseases.
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 During my practical attachment in forestry sector my officer and I want
to a saw mill at Enagi where we found different type of machine use in cutting
woods.
WEEK 10
Uses of Wood
i. For roofing
ii. For cooking
iii. Source of revenue
iv. Source of employment
2. Vegetable Production
Vegetable production is a branch of horticulture which means
Olericulture. Oleri means vegetable, culture means bring up.
Vegetable
Okro - Hibiscus esculentus
Onion - Allium cepa
Tomato - Lycopersium esculenta
Pepper - Capsicum annum
Cabbage - Brassica Olorecca
Carrot - Dancus carrot
Egg plant - Solanum melogen
Factors of Vegetable Production
1. Capital
2. Site selection
3. Topography
4. Soil
5. Availability of water
6. Accessibility

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 7. Pest and diseases
8. Labour
9. Nature of community
WEEK 11
Types of Vegetable Production
1. Home garden
2. Market
3. Vegetable forcing
4. Truck farming vegetable
Importance of Vegetable Production
i. Source of food
ii. Source of income
iii. Source of employment
iv. Source of raw material to industries
Types of Seed Bed
i. Raised seedbed: Collection of topsoil into flat rectangular shape.
ii. Surken seedbed: The edges of the surken bed are raise and the top of
the depressed.

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 WEEK 12

2.4 LIVESTOCK
Identification of livestock equipment e.g water, feeder, debeaker,
buldizor for castration.
Identification of animal diseases and possible way of controlling
1. New castle disease:- It attacks birds of all ages. Symptoms are coughing
difficulty in breathing, sneezing, and nasal discharge.
Control Measure
I. Isolating infected birds
II. Clean the house live
III. Do not allow feed and water mix with faces
IV. Administering of vaccines
2. Coccidiosis: this disease infected chicken overcrowded together and
drop as it they are suffering from cold and their stranded close.
control measures
Avoid overcrowding of birds in a particular pen. Keep the litter lose and dry
especially around waterier.
A Visit was paid to Fulani herdsmen to collect Jugali revenue. This is annual
revenue collected from Fulani cattle rears to the Local Government.
WEEK 13
Agriculture (Beekeeping)
A colony of honey bee live in a live consisting of hexagonal cell made of
wax. A piculture is the study of raising bee for the purpose of honey liquid
to be derived.
Three Kind of Caste
i. The queen which is fertile female
ii. The drones which are the male

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 iii. The workers which are the sterile female
WEEK 14
How to Handles Bees
1. Do not stand in front of the hive and stand beside or behind the bee hive
2. Walking quietly
3. Avoid more poison being pumped into skin
4. Use of a smoker make the bee calm and make the fill themselves with
honey
5. Wear a bee veil
6. Avoid killing of bees
7. Constricting of the bee hive, strong smell disturb the bee
8. Do not open the hive in cold and rainy weather
Uses of Honey
- Honey heals wound, burn and kill skin rashes
- It gives energy
- It clear throat and give clear voice
- Relievers cold, cough, stuffy and porridge
- Natural sweetener in tea, coffee and porridge
- Natural sweetener in baking and cooking
WEEK 15
Honey Harvest
- Avoid taking combs with many broad cells
- Take only sealed honey comb houses because unsealed honey contain
much water
- Put the harvested comb in a tube which is covered with a cloth to keep
the bee way
- For each harvested comb a new top bar is put on the hive
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WEEK 16
Sprayer
Types of Sprayer
i. Knapsack sprayer 20litres, 15liters, e.t.c
ii. Ry 15
iii. Ultra lower volume
iv. Motorized
v. Electrodyn stick
vi. CAS 14 and 16 sprayer
Safety Precaution When Spraying
i. avoidance of eating
ii. cover your body eg with nose and mouth cover
iii. wash your hand after spraying
iv. drink milk or a teaspoon fool of red oil after spraying
Steps Used In Spraying
i. Preparation of the sprayer
ii. Determination of the nozzle discharge
iii. Determination of the distance to spray
iv. The speed of the sprayer man
Factors Determining Application of Herbicides
i. Pressure on the sprayer tank
ii. Size of nozzle
iii. Uniform weight

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 CHAPTER THREE
Suggestion and Conclusion
I hereby suggest to the management and the academic board of the
school that the period of attachment be shifted to raining season which is the
production period, in order to enable students on attachment acquired more
on agriculture production i.e (farmland preparation to harvesting).

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