CHAPTER 2: GEOMETRICAL PROPERTIES OF SECTIONS

1. Determine the value of the Ixx i.e. moment of inertia about the X-X axis passing
through centroid of the built-up steel section.
Given: ISMB 250: A=47.55cm2, h=250 mm, b= 125 mm, Ixx=5131.6 cm4, Iyy =
334.5 cm4
[Ans: Ixx=72.95× 10^6 mm4 , Iyy=7.811× 10^6 mm4]
2. Find the orientation of principal axes and the principal moments of inertia about axes
through centroid of the given figures.
3. Find the principal moment of inertia w.r.t. centroid for the axes shown in figure.
Also find Ix'x' and Iy'y' when axis is rotated with an angle 10° anticlockwise.
 CHAPTER 3: SIMPLE STRESS AND STRAIN

1. Determine the change in length of circular tapering bar.(refer to example 5.6 of G.B.Motra Sir
Book)

2. Derive an expression for the elongation of uniform solid circular bar of diameter 'D' , length
'L' , modulus of elasticity E and weight density ′𝜌′, due to self weight and applied load 'P' at
its lower end, when the bar is suspended vertically from one end. (refer to example 5.10 of
G.B.Motra Sir Book)

3. Derive the relation for increase in volume Δ𝑉 of a prismatic bar of length l hanging vertically
𝑊𝑙
under its own weight. Δ𝑉 = 2 𝐸 (1 − 2𝜈) (refer to example 5.13 of G.B.Motra Sir Book)

4. A spherical ball of a certain material 200 mm diameter is located to depth of 1 km in seawater.

If the specific weight of seawater is 10.2 kN/m3 and bulk modulus of the ball material is 160
kN/mm2, determine the change in the volume of the ball. [Ans 266.9 mm3]
5. A steel bar of varying cross sections is subjected to axial forces shown in figure 1. Find the
value of P to keep the system in equilibrium. Take E=210 KN/mm2. Calculate the total
elongation of bar. (Ans: 1.632mm)

6. A solid conical bar tapers uniformly from a diameter of 8cm to 3 cm in length of 100cm. It is
suspended vertically at 8cm diameter, 3cm diameter being downward. Calculate elongation of
bar due to self weight. Take unit weight of the bar 78.5 KN/m3 and E=210 KN/mm2.
(Ans:1.0903x10-4mm)

7. Determine the elongation of the bar shown. E = 2.10 × 10^5 N/mm2 [Ans : 13.47 mm]

8. A rigid bar AB hinged to a vertical wall and supported horizontally by tie rod CD as shown in
fig 2. The tie bar has cross sectional area 0.5cm2 and its allowable stress in tension is
1500kg/cm2. Find the safe value of P and the vertical deflection of point A. Take E for tie bar
2x106 kg/cm2. (Ans: 225kg, 6.25mm)

9. An 8m long hollow circular bar of aluminum carries a tensile load of 120KN. The outside
diameter of the bar is 50mm and modulus of elasticity of the material is 70x103Mpa. If the
allowable elongation of the bar is 10mm, determine the minimum thickness. (Ans:11.272mm)
10. A system of bars is loaded as shown in figure 3. Find the axial load in each bar due to 20KN
load. All bars are of steel. (Ans: 5.858, 5.858, 11.716kN)

11. A compound tube consists of a steel tube 15cm internal diameter and 1cm thickness. The two
tubes are of same length. The compound tube carries an axial load of 1000 KN. Find the
stresses and load carried by each tube and the amount by which it shortens. Length of each
tube is 150cm. Take Es=2x107 N/cm2. & Eb= 1x107 N/cm2. (Ans: 639.9, 360.1kN, 0.95mm)

12. A horizontal rigid bar AB is hinged to a vertical wall at A and supported by two wires BD and
CD and the strut EC as shown in figure 4. Each wire has cross-sectional area of 0.7 cm 2 and
working stress 3000 kg/cm2. The strut has a buckling strength of 1500kg in compression.
Calculate the safe load P for the system. (Ans: 1628.2kg)
13. Two copper rods and one steel rod together support a load as shown in fig 5. If the stresses in
the copper and steel are not to be exceed by 550kg/cm2 and 1000 kg/cm2 respectively,
determine the safe load that can be applied. Cross section for copper=3x3cm2, steel=4x4cm2.
Take Es = 2Ec. (Ans: P=20460kg)

14. A block of steel (150*200*250) mm is subjected to axial stress as shown in figure 6. Find the
change in dimensions of block and change in volume. Also find G & K. Take Es=200GN/m2
and μ=0.30. (Ans: 0.0465mm, 0.01mm, -0.02mm, 2100mm3)

15. An aluminum bar 3m long and having 20cm2 cross sectional area is loaded as shown in fig 7.
Determine the stresses in the portions AB, BC and CD. Also find the distance through which
point B and C will move. Take E=0.7x106 kg/cm2. (Ans: 33.33kg/cm2, 8.33kg/cm2, -
41.67kg/cm2)
16. The modulus of rigidity for a material is 0.5x105 N/mm2. A 10mm diameter rod of the material
was subjected to an axial pull of 10KN and the change of diameter was observed to be 3x10 -3
mm. Calculate the Poisson’s ratio and the modulus of elasticity.

17. A vertical rod of length 3m tapers uniformly from diameter of 80mm at top to 40mm at the
bottom. If it is rigidly fixed at the upper end and is subjected to the axial load of 45KN,
determine the total extension in the bar. Take density of material=2x105 kg/m3 and Young’s
modulus=210Gpa

18. A rigid bar AB is hinged at A and supported by 2m long copper rod and a 4m long steel rod. It
carries a load of 100KN at the free end B as shown in figure below. If the area of cross section
of steel and copper rods are 10cm2 and 8cm2 respectively and their respective values of E be
200Gpa and 100Gpa, find the stress in each rod and reaction at A (Assume no bending in
Steel and copper rods).

19. A steel bar 2.5cm diameter and 25 cm long was subjected to a tension test. On applying a
tensile load of 25 KN the elongation was found to be 0.005cm and decrease in diameter was
0.00025cm. Calculate the value of: Modulus of Elasticity, Poisson’s ratio, Change in Volume,
Shear Modulus.

20. Determine the maximum permissible load if the compressive stress in the rod is not to exceed
110 MPa and that of tube is not to exceed 80 MPa. Take Es=200 GPa and Eb=100 GPa.
THERMAL STRESSES
1. A steel bar rod 15 m long is at a temperature of 15° C. Find the free expansion of the length
when the temperature is raised to 65° C. Find the temperature stress produced when:
i. The expansion of the rod is prevented
ii. The rod is permitted to expand by 6 mm.
Take α = 12× 10-6 per ° C and E = 200 GN/m2
[Ans: 120 Mn/m2 ; 40 MN/m2]
2. A copper flat measuring 60 mm × 30 mm is brazed to another 60 mm × 60 mm mild steel flat as
shown in figure. If the combination is heated through 120 ° C, determine :
i. The stress produced in each bar
ii. Shear force which tends to rupture the brazing
iii. Shear stress
Take: 𝛼𝑐 = 18.5 × 10−6 𝑝𝑒𝑟 °𝐶
𝛼𝑠 = 12 × 10−6 𝑝𝑒𝑟 °𝐶
𝐸𝑐 = 110 𝐺𝑁/𝑚2
𝐸𝑠 = 220 𝐺𝑁/𝑚2
Length of each flat = 400 mm
[Ans: 68.64 MN/m2; 34.32 MN/m2; 123.552 KN; 5.148 MN/m2]
3. A steel bar is placed between two copper bars, each having the same area and length as steel bar
at 20° C. At this stage, they are rigidly connected together at both ends. When the temperature is
raised to 320 ° C, the length of the bars increases by 1.5 mm. Determine the original length and
final stresses in the bars.
Take: 𝐸𝑠 = 220𝐺𝑁/𝑚2 ; 𝐸𝑠 = 110 𝐺𝑁/𝑚2 ; 𝛼𝑠 = 0.000012 𝑝𝑒𝑟°𝐶; 𝛼𝑐 = 0.0000175 𝑝𝑒𝑟 °𝐶
[Ans: 90.75 MN/m2; 181.5 MN/m2; 0.339 m]

4. A flat bar of aluminium alloy 25 mm wide and 5 mm thick is placed between two steel bars each
25 mm wide and 10 mm thick to form a composite bar 25 mm × 25 mm as shown in figure. The
three bars are fastened together at their ends when the temperature is 15° C. Find the stress in
each of the materials when the temperature of the whole assembly is raised to 55° C. If at the
new temperature a compressive load of 300 KN is applied to the composite bar what are the final
stress in steel and alloy?
200
Take: Es =200 GN/m2 ; 𝐸𝑎𝑙 = 𝐺𝑁/𝑚2 ; 𝛼𝑠 = 1.2 × 10−5 𝑝𝑒𝑟 °𝐶; 𝛼𝑎𝑙 = 2.3 × 10−5 𝑝𝑒𝑟 °𝐶.
3
5. Figure shows three bars made of copper, zinc and aluminium and of equal length rigidly
connected at their ends. They have cross-sectional areas of 250 mm2, 375 mm2 and 500mm2
respectively. If the compound member is subjected to a longitudinal pull of 125 KN, estimate the
proportion of load carried on each rod, and the induced stresses.
Take: 𝐸𝑐𝑢 = 130𝐺𝑁/𝑚2 ; 𝐸𝑧𝑛 = 100𝐺𝑁/𝑚2 ; 𝐸𝑎𝑙 = 80 𝐺𝑁/𝑚2
[Ans: 36.93 KN; 42.61 KN; 45.45 KN; 147.7 MN/m2; 113.63 MN/m2; 90.9 MN/m2]
 CHAPTER 4: STRESS AND STRAIN ANALYSIS

1. Direct stresses of 120 MN/m2 in tension and 90 MN/m2 in compression are applied to an elastic
material at a certain point on planes at right angles to another. If the maximum principle stress is
not to exceed 150 MN/m2 in tension, to what shearing stress can the material be subjected? What is
then the maximum resulting shearing stress in the material? Also find the magnitude of the other
principle stress and its inclination to 120 MN/m2 stress.[Ans: 𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 84.8 𝑀𝑁⁄𝑚2 ; 𝜎2 =
120; 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 135; 𝜃 = 19.5°, 109.5°]

2. The intensity of resultant stress on a plane AB at a point in a material under stress is 80 MN/m2
(tensile) inclined at 30 ° to the normal to that plane. The normal component of stress on another
plane BC at right angles to plane AB is 60 MN/m2. Determine
i. the resultant stress on the Plane BC , [ans: 72.1 MN/m2]
ii. the principal stresses and the principle planes, [ans: 104.9 ; 24.4 MN/m2; 41° 42'; 131° 42']
iii. the maximum shear stress and its plane.[ans: 40.25 MN/m2; 86° 42';176° 42']

Hint: Resolve 80 MN/m2 into x and y components as shown in figure below.

3. A plane element is subjected to the stresses as shown in following figure. Determine
analytically and graphically
i. the principal stresses and their directions.(Ans:7.708MPa, -142.708MPa, -34.27O,
55.73O)
ii. The maximum shearing stresses and the directions of the planes on which they act.
(Ans: 75.208MPa, 10.724O)

4. The magnitude and direction of the stresses on two planes inter-shooting at a point area
shown in figure 4.2. Determine the direction and magnitude of the principal stresses at this
point. Sketch the result on an element. (Ans : 5.154P)

5. At point A on an unloaded edge of an elastic body, oriented as shown in fig 4.3 with respect
to XY axis, the maximum shearing stress is 2900kN/m2. Find the principal stresses. (Ans:
5.73P, 3.423P)
 CHAPTER 5: THIN WALLED VESSELS

1. A gas cylinder of internal diameter 40mm is 5 mm thick. If the tensile stress in the material is
not to exceed 30MPa, find the maximum pressure which can be allowed in the cylinder?
(Ans: 7.5MPa)
2. A cylindrical shell of 500 mm diameter is required to withstand an internal pressure of
4MPa. Find the minimum thickness of the shell, if the maximum tensile strength in the
plate material is 400MPa and efficiency of the joints is 65%. Take factor of safety as 5.
(Ans: 20mm)

3. A cylindrical thin drum 800mm in diameter and 4m long is made up of 10mm thick plates.
If the drum is subjected to an internal pressure of 2.5MPa, determine its change in
diameter and length. Take E as 200GPa and Poisson’s ratio as 0.25. (Ans: 0.35, 0.5)

4. A cylindrical vessel 2 m long and 500mm diameter with 10 mm thick plates is subjected
to an internal pressure of 3MPa. Calculate the change in volume of the vessel. Take
E=200GPa and Poisson’s ratio=0.3 for the vessel material. (Ans: 185X103mm3)

5. A steam boiler of 1.25 m in diameter is subjected to an internal pressure of 1.6MPa. If the

steam boiler is made up of 20mm thick plates, calculate the circumferential and
longitudinal stresses. Take the efficiency of the circumferential and longitudinal joints as
75% and 60% respectively. (Ans: 83MPa , 33 MPa)

6. A thin cylindrical shell is 4m long and has 1m internal diameter and 12mm metal
thickness. Calculate the maximum intensity of shear stress induced and change in
dimensions of the shell if it is subjected to an internal pressure of 2N/mm2. Take E=2X105
N/mm2 and ʋ = 0.3.

7. A thin cylindrical shell made up of copper plate has been filled with a liquid at
atmospheric pressure. Length (l) = 2m, external diameter (D) = 30cm, t = 10mm, E =
1.04X106 kg/cm2, ʋ = 0.32. Find the values of pressure developed by the liquid on the wall
of the cylinder and the hoop stress developed if an additional 35cm3 of the liquid is
pumped into the cylinder. (Ans: 11.34kg/cm2, 158.76kg/cm2)

8. A seamless spherical vessel of 2m internal diameter and 6mm thick is filled with a fluid
under pressure until its volume increase by 300cm3. Calculate the pressure exerted by fluid
on the vessel. Take E=2.1X105 N/mm2, ʋ=0.3. (Ans:0.0857N/mm2)

9. A copper plate vessel in the shape of thin spherical shell 50cm radius and 1cm shell
thickness is completely filled with a fluid at atmospheric pressure. Additional fluid is then
pumped till the pressure increased by 10MN/m2. Find the volume of this additional fluid,
given that ʋ = 0.26 and E=100GN/m2 for the shell material. (2906cm3)