Q1

Q2
Solution:

1. At A, the total acceleration of the particle has a component to the right (at), and a component
downwards (an). The total force is in the direction of the total acceleration, which is  .

At B, an = 0 and at is downward. The total force is in the direction of the total acceleration,
which is  .

At C, the total acceleration of the particle has a component to the left (at), and a component
upwards (an). The total force is in the direction of the total acceleration, which is  .

At D, an = 0 and at = 0. The total force is 0.

 6 m/s 
2


2. At A, mg  1 kg  9.81 m/s 2
  9.81 N , ma  1 kg 
n
10 m
 3.6 N , so the normal force

must be upwards  .

At B, no acceleration in the horizontal direction, normal force is 0.

At C, normal force must be upwards  to balance the gravity and provide the upward an.

At D, normal force is upwards  to balance the gravity.

3. At A, N A  mg  mv A2 / rA . At B, N B  0 . At C, N C  mg  mvC2 / rC . At D, N D  mg . So the
ranking is: C > D > A > B.
3. [5 points] No partial credit.

A collar starts at rest at location A and slides down along a

smooth circular rod (radius r = 20.0 cm). The circular rod is
oriented in a vertical plane, so that location A is at the top.
The collar is attached to a spring; the other end of the spring
is fixed 10.0 cm above the centre (O) of the circle as shown
in the diagram. The resting length of the spring is 13.0 cm.

The collar slides down from A, reaches its maximum speed

as it passes through location B, then continues to slide down
through location C and beyond.

Consider the motion from location A through location C. In

the questions below, circle the location(s) where the
following conditions occur; circle “none” if there is no such
location.

Clarification: Answer A means “at point A”, whereas answer (A – B) means “at some location between A
and B, excluding the endpoints”.

Circle the location(s) where…

(a) [1] Elastic potential energy has its minimum value

A (A – B) B (B – C) C none

(b) [1] Total potential energy has its minimum value

A (A – B) B (B – C) C none

(c) [1] Total potential energy has its maximum value

A (A – B) B (B – C) C none

(d) [1] The horizontal component of acceleration is zero

A (A – B) B (B – C) C none

(e) [1] The vertical component of acceleration is zero

A (A – B) B (B – C) C none

ANSWERS:
(a) (A – B). The spring will be at its resting length somewhere between A and B.
(b) B. Energy is conserved, so total potential energy is minimum where speed is maximum.
(c) A. Kinetic energy is zero at A, so total potential energy is maximum.
(d) C. After passing location B the speed decreases as the spring stretches; speed will reach a (local)
minimum at C, so tangential acceleration (horizontal in this case) is zero. Also, there is no horizontal
component of force acting on the collar at this location.
(e) A and B. At A, v = 0 so an = 0. At B, speed is maximum, therefore tangential acceleration (vertical
in this case) is zero.
Q4.

O O O O
O O O O

x
x

NOTE

(i) Linear momentum is conserved only in the marked directions.

(ii) For A, in the horizontal direction, mAVA – (horizontal impulse from the ball) = mAV’A.
When V’A is in the same direction with VA (both positive), |V’A| is small then |VA|.

Conservation of kinetic energy means

mA|V’A|2+mB|V’B|2 = mA|VA|2+mB|VB|2 or
|V’A|2+|V’B|2 + (mA/mB - 1)|V’A|2 = |VA|2+|VB|2 + (mA/mB - 1)|VA|2, or
|V’A|2 + |V’B|2 = |VA|2+|VB|2 + (mA/mB - 1)(|VA|2-|V’A|2).

If mA > mB, with |V’A| < |VA|,

|V’A|2 + |V’B|2 > |VA|2+|VB|2.
5. [9 points] Cart B moves down a ramp with acceleration a = 2 m/s . The surface between box
2

A and cart B is horizontal and frictionless. Mass of box A is 10 kg. Answer the following questions:
a. Consider the horizontal component of motion for box A. Does it move horizontally, and if
so, in which direction? Explain your answer.
b. What is the acceleration of A (magnitude and direction)?
c. What is the magnitude of the normal force on A?

a) Since there is no friction force between A and B, box A cannot move horizontally on the
surface of cart B, i.e. aAx = 0 (where x is the horizontal direction). Box A can move only
vertically down with acceleration aAy (where y is the vertical direction).

b) Forces acting on box A are the normal force N (up) and its weight W (down). The acceleration
is aAy (down). aAy is the vertical component of the acceleration a of the cart B.

aAy a
30o

aAy = a sin 30o = (2m/s2) sin30o = 1m/s2

c) Equation of motion along y: +y points down and aAy points down;

+W- N = +mA aAy N = W - mAaAy = mAg - mAaAy = mA (g - aAy)
N = (10kg) (9.81 m/s2 – 1 m/s2) = (10kg) (8.81 m/s2) = 88.1 N
N
•
W
6. [8 points] A 2-kg mass rests on a flat horizontal bar. The bar begins rotating in the vertical plane

about O with a constant angular acceleration of 1 rad/s2. The mass is observed to start slipping

towards O when the bar is 30o above the horizontal. What is the coefficient of static friction

between the mass and the bar?

Solution:

Rotation of the bar with constant angular acceleration:

 
2   2  2 1     2    1.023 rad/s
6

Normal acceleration of the mass: an   2 r  1.047 m/s2

Tangential acceleration of the mass: at   r  1 m/s2

Equations of motion:

 N  mg cos 30o  mat  N  mg cos 30o  mat  18.991 N

 mg sin 30o  f s  man  f s  mg sin 30o  man  7.716 N

fs
Because the mass starts to slip, f s   s N  s   0.406 .
N
7. [10 points] A 2-kg block A is connected to the spring by an inextensible string of negligible
mass passing over a pulley without slipping. The spring has a constant of k = 3 N/m and is initially
unstretched. The pulley is a uniform solid cylinder with radius R = 0.2 m and mass M = 4 kg. A
constant horizontal force F = 50 N is applied to block A such that the entire system starts to move
from rest. The coefficient of kinetic friction between block A and the surface is 𝜇 = 0.1.
k

Determine the speed of block A when it has moved a distance SA= 0.4 m.

Solution.
Method 1: Work and energy principle for the entire system (block + pulley)
Method 2: Block and pulley separately: equations of motions
2a: work and energy principle for block only
2b: kinematics of the rectilinear motion of the block

Method 1.
Method 2.
Solution Q8

We begin by determining the speed ​u​ with which the lighter ball strikes the heavier one.
Energy conservation yields
½ ​M​2​v2​​ = ½ ​M​2​u​2​ + ​M​2​gh​, where ​h​ = 2.8 ​m​,
whence
u2​​ = ​v2​​ − 2​gh
Now we have to look at the impact between the two balls. Let ​u​′ and ​v​′ be the velocities (taken as
positive in the upward direction) of the lighter and heavier ball, respectively, after the collision.
Momentum conservation yields
M2​​ u​ = ​M2​​ ​u​′ + ​M1​​ ​v′​
while the information about the coefficient of restitution implies
​v​′ − ​u​′ = ​e u​ , with ​e ​ = 0.57.
On rewriting the first equation as
u ​= ​u​′ + (​M​1 /​ ​M​2​) ​v​′
and on adding the two equations we obtain
[1 + (​M​1 /​ ​M​2​)] ​v′​ = (1 + ​e​) ​u
i.e.,
v​′ = [(1 + ​e)​ ​u]​ [1 + (​M1​ ​/ ​M2​​ )]​−1

The maximum height is given by

h ​+ ​v​′2​​ /(2​g​) = ​h ​+ (1 + ​e)​ 2​ ​[(​v​2​ /2​g)​ ​ ​− ​h​] [1 + (​M​1 /​ ​M​2​)]​−2​ =
2.8 + (1.57)​2 ​[(196 /19.62)​ ​− 2.8][1 + (350/190)]​−2​ = 4.99 ​m
Q9