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Introduction - Part2

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منير فاسكوال
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5 views

Introduction - Part2

Uploaded by

منير فاسكوال
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Micropaleontology

PREPARED BY:
T. ENTISSAR AL-BASHEIR ALI MOHAMMED
Expected Learning Outcomes
After studying this unit, you should be able to:
1. Define various part of the microscope
2. Define micropaleontology and microfossils;
3. Classify the microfossils into groups based on wall
Composition;
4. Outline the importance of microfossils generally and
particularly in hydrocarbon exploration;
5. Determine the Taxonomy, Morphology, Classification, Environment and Age of
the Mineralized wall microfossil groups (Foraminifera, Ostracoda), and Organic
wall microfossil groups (Pollen grains and Spores), and Their description under
microscope.
Importance of microfossils
Microfossils are perhaps the most important group of all fossils,
they are extremely useful in:
1. age-dating,
2. Correlation,
3. Paleoenvironmental reconstruction,
4. All important in the oil, mining, engineering, and environmental
industries.
Why micro fossils are important?, because of:
1. Their minute size,
Importance of microfossils

2. Abundant occurrence and most easily accessible fossils (A small


amount of sediment sample can give rise to thousands of
microfossil specimens).
Indeed, some very thick rock layers are made entirely of microfossils.
The pyramids of Egypt are made of sedimentary rocks, for example,
that consist of the shells of foraminifera, a major microfossil group.
3. Wide geographic distribution in sediments of all ages and in
almost all types of environments
4. Processing of micropaleontological samples is usually easy.
Paleontology for hydrocarbon
exploration
Paleontology is a key tool in
1. Biostratigraphic Correlation.
2. Constructing age models, such as thermal maturation of potential
hydrocarbon source rocks.
3. Helps characterize depositional environments for predicting the
distribution and quality of reservoir, seal and source rocks.
Paleontology for hydrocarbon
exploration
• To be of biostratigraphic value a species must have the following
charaacteristics:
1. A short stratigraphic range;
2. An extensive geographic dispersion achieved rapidly;
3. Be resistant to taphonomic processes;
4. Be identifiable without question (easily recognized).
Paleontology for hydrocarbon
exploration
Techniques of biostratigraphy in hydrocarbon exploration:
1. Correlation
2. Age determination
3. Unconformity Identification
4. Application to sequence stratigraphic analysis
5. Sequence stratigraphy models
6. Sequence analysis of well
Paleontology for hydrocarbon
exploration
7. Characterization of formations (“fingerprinting”)
8. Paleoenvironmental interpretation

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