1

1 A bag contains these 9 letter tiles.

I S O S C E L E S

(a) Nur takes one tile from the bag at random.

She notes the letter and then puts the tile back in the bag.

Find the probability that she does not take a letter E.

................................................. [1]

(b) Nur now takes two of the 9 letter tiles at random without replacement.

Find the probability that both tiles show the same letter.

................................................. [3]

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2 (a)
1
2 2

1 1

6 2
1

Asma has this fair 8‑sided spinner.

(i) She spins the spinner once.

Find the probability that the score is

(a) 6,

................................................. [1]

(b) not 2.

................................................. [1]

(ii) Asma spins the spinner twice.

Find the probability that she scores two 2s.

................................................. [2]

(b) Leon has 7 red counters, 6 green counters and 3 white counters.
He takes two counters at random, without replacement.

Find the probability that the two counters are the same colour.

................................................. [3]
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3 (a)

2 2 2 3 4 5 5 6 8 9

Khalid has these 10 number cards.

He takes a card at random, notes the number and replaces it.
He then takes a second card.

(i) Find the probability that the first card Khalid takes shows an even number.

................................................. [1]

(ii) Complete the tree diagram.

First card Second card

even number
.............

even number

.............
.............
odd number

even number
.............
.............
odd number

.............
odd number

[2]

(iii) Work out the probability that Khalid takes one odd number and one even number.

................................................. [2]
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(b) Basma has a bag containing 5 yellow counters, 3 pink counters and 4 black counters.
She takes two counters from the bag at random, without replacement.

Find the probability that she takes one yellow counter and one pink counter.
Give your answer as a fraction in its simplest form.

................................................. [3]

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4 A 4‑sided spinner numbered 1 to 4 is spun many times.

The table shows the results of the spins.

Number Frequency
1 6
2 5
3 13
4 p

(a) The mean of the results is 3.

Calculate the value of p.

p = ................................................. [3]

(b) Find the relative frequency of the spinner landing on 2.

................................................. [1]

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5 A bag contains 12 balls.

There are x black balls in the bag and the other balls are white.

Two balls are taken at random from the bag without replacement.

(a) Complete the tree diagram.

First ball Second ball

x-1 black
11

black
x
12
white
.........

black
.........
12 - x
12
white

white
.........
[2]

(b) Find an expression for the probability of taking one ball of each colour.
Write your answer as a single fraction in terms of x.

................................................. [3]

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14
(c) The probability that both balls are black is .
33
Form an equation in x and solve it to find the number of black balls in the bag.
Show your working.

................................................. [4]

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6 A bag contains 36 balls.

There are n red balls in the bag.
The rest of the balls are green.
Esther takes two balls from the bag, at random, without replacement.

(a) Complete the tree diagram.

First ball Second ball

n-1 Red
35

n Red
36
36 - n
35 Green

Red
............
36 - n
36 Green

............ Green
[2]

(b) Write an expression, in terms of n, for the probability that Esther’s first ball is red and her second
ball is green.

................................................. [1]
1
(c) The probability that Esther’s first ball is red and her second ball is green is .
7
Show that n 2 - 36n + 180 = 0 .

[2]

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(d) Solve the equation n 2 - 36n + 180 = 0 .

Show your working.

n = .................. or n = .................. [2]

(e) There are more green balls than red balls in the bag.

Find the probability that Esther takes two green balls.

Give your answer as a fraction in its lowest terms.

................................................. [3]

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7 Two bags contain beads.

The first bag contains 7 beads, of which 3 are red and 4 are white.
The second bag contains 5 beads, of which 2 are red and 3 are blue.

One bead is taken, at random, from each bag.

The tree diagram is shown below.

First bag Second bag

2 Red
5

3 Red
7 3
Blue
5
2 Red
5
4
7 White

3 Blue
5

Find the probability that

(a) both beads are red,

................................................. [1]

(b) both beads are white,

................................................. [1]

(c) exactly one bead is red.

................................................. [2]

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8 A bag contains 10 tiles.

There are 4 red tiles, x white tiles and the rest are blue.
Two tiles are taken at random, without replacement, from the bag.

(a) Complete the tree diagram.

First tile Second tile

Red
3
9
x
9
Red White

6-x
4 9 Blue
10

4 Red
9
x x-1
10 9
White White

6-x
9
Blue

6-x Red
10 ....................

....................
Blue White

5-x
9 Blue
[2]

(b) Calculate the probability that both the tiles are red.

................................................. [1]

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x 2 - 6x + 21
(c) (i) Show that the probability that the tiles are both the same colour is .
45

[4]
16
(ii) The probability the tiles are both the same colour is .
45
Show that x 2 - 6x + 5 = 0 .

[1]

(iii) Solve x 2 - 6x + 5 = 0 .

x = ....................... or x = ....................... [2]

(iv) There are more red tiles than white tiles in the bag.

Find the probability that the first tile taken from the bag is blue.

................................................. [2]
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9 (a)

5 2 4 6 3
Two of these cards are chosen at random.
They are placed next to each other to give a two-digit number.

(i) Find the probability that the two-digit number is less than 30.

................................................. [1]

(ii) List all the possible two-digit numbers that are prime.

................................................. [2]

(iii) Find the probability that the two-digit number is a multiple of 4.

................................................. [2]

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(b) Rowan throws a dice 200 times.

The bar chart shows his results.

50

40

30

Frequency

20

10

0
1 2 3 4 5 6
Number on dice

(i) Use the bar chart to complete the table of results.

Number on dice 1 2 3 4 5 6

Frequency 46 31 28
[1]

(ii) Using Rowan’s results, find the relative frequency that he threw a number less than 3.

................................................. [2]

(iii) Rowan says that the dice he has thrown is not a fair dice.

Make two comments to explain why the dice may not be fair.

.............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]
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(b) Ateeq has a set of 16 cards numbered from 1 to 16.

(i) He takes a card from the set at random.

Find the probability that the card shows an odd square number.

.................................................... [1]

(ii) Ateeq takes two cards at random from the set of 16 cards.

Find the probability that both cards show even numbers that are factors of 100.

.................................................... [2]

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(b) Ateeq has a set of 16 cards numbered from 1 to 16.

(i) He takes a card from the set at random.

Find the probability that the card shows an odd square number.

.................................................... [1]

(ii) Ateeq takes two cards at random from the set of 16 cards.

Find the probability that both cards show even numbers that are factors of 100.

.................................................... [2]

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10 A bag contains two white beads and one black bead only.
Two beads are taken, at random, without replacement from the bag.

(a) Complete the tree diagram.

First bead Second bead

white

1
3 black

[2]

(b) Write down the probability that two black beads are taken.

.................................................... [1]

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11

Nima has these six cards. Each card has a shape on it.
She takes two cards at random without replacement.

(a) Complete the tree diagram.

First Second
card card

3
5

4
6
....................

....................

....................

....................

[2]

(b) Find the probability that the shapes on Nima’s two cards are the same.
Give your answer as a fraction.

.................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2019 4024/12/M/J/19

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12 Jim plays for his local football team.

The probability that Jim plays in the next match is 0.7 .

If Jim plays in the match, the probability of his team winning is 0.8 .
If Jim does not play in the match, the probability of his team winning is 0.6 .

(a) Complete the tree diagram.

Team wins
0.8

Jim
plays
.................... Team does
.................... not win

Team wins
0.6

Jim
....................
does not
play

Team does
.................... not win
[2]

(b) Calculate the probability that Jim’s team wins their next match.

.................................................... [2]

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(b) 30 people are asked what type of fruit they like.

Of these people,

• 5 say they like both oranges and bananas

• 12 say they like oranges
• 8 say they like neither oranges nor bananas.

(i) By drawing a Venn diagram, or otherwise, find the number of people who like bananas but
not oranges.

Answer ........................................... [2]

(ii) Two of the 30 people are selected at random.

Find the probability that they both like oranges but not bananas.

Answer ........................................... [2]

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13 Basia records the colour of 100 cars passing the school gate.
Her results are recorded in the table.

Colour of car Black Grey Red Blue Other

Frequency 43 18 12 9 18

(a) Use Basia’s results to estimate the probability that the next car seen is a blue car.

Answer .......................................... [1]

(b) In the next hour, 500 cars pass the school gate.

Use Basia’s results to estimate the number of these cars that are red.

Answer .......................................... [1]

(c) Colin records the colour of the next 100 cars passing the school gate.
His results are shown in the table below.

Colour of car Black Grey Red Blue Other

Frequency 34 10 18 28 10

Use Basia’s and Colin’s combined results to estimate the number of red cars that would be seen
when 500 cars pass the school gate.

Answer .......................................... [1]

(d) Which of the estimates in part (b) or in part (c) is likely to be the best?
Give a reason for your decision.

The best estimate is ............... because ...................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................. [1]

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14
T R I G O N O M E T R Y

Twelve lettered tiles spelling the word TRIGONOMETRY are placed inside a bag.

(a) A tile is taken at random from the bag.

Find the probability that the tile shows a letter R.

Give your answer as a fraction in its simplest form.

Answer .......................................... [1]

(b) All the tiles are placed back in the bag, a tile is then taken at random and placed on the table.
A second tile is taken at random and placed to the right of the first tile.
A third tile is taken at random and placed to the right of the second tile.

1st 2nd 3rd

Find the probability that, in the order the tiles were placed on the table, they spell GET.

Answer .......................................... [2]

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(c) Vowels are the letters A, E, I, O and U.

All other letters are consonants.
All the twelve tiles are placed back in the bag and two tiles are taken at random, without
replacement.

(i) Complete the tree diagram.

First tile Second tile

3 vowel
11

vowel
4
12
......... consonant

vowel
.........

.........
consonant

......... consonant
[2]

(ii) Find the probability that the tiles both show vowels.

Answer .......................................... [1]

(iii) Find the probability that one tile shows a vowel and one tile shows a consonant.

Answer .......................................... [2]

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16

Bag A Bag B

Bag A contains 3 black and 2 white beads.

Bag B contains 2 black and 4 white beads.

A bead is chosen, at random, from Bag A and placed in Bag B.

A bead is then chosen, at random, from Bag B.

(a) Complete the tree diagram.

Bag A Bag B

3
7 black

3 black
5
white

2
5 white

[2]

(b) Find the probability that a black bead is taken from Bag B.

Answer .......................................... [2]

© UCLES 2018 4024/12/O/N/18 [Turn over

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17 Rowena spins two fair spinners, each numbered 1 to 4.

Her score is the value when the numbers on the two spinners are multiplied together.
The table shows some of Rowena’s possible scores.

× 1 2 3 4

1 1 2 3 4

2 2 4

(a) Complete the table of possible scores. [2]

(b) Find the probability that Rowena’s score is less than 4.

Answer ............................................. [1]

(c) Find the probability that Rowena’s score is an even number.

Give your answer as a fraction in its lowest terms.

Answer ............................................. [2]

(d) Phoebe says that Rowena’s score is more likely to be a square number than a factor of 6.

Is she correct?
Show your working.

Answer

[2]

© UCLES 2017 4024/22/M/J/17

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18 A bag contains n balls.

3 of the balls are white.
Two balls are taken from the bag, at random, without replacement.

(a) Complete the tree diagram.

First ball Second ball

2 White
n –1

White
3
n
.......... Not white

3 White
n –1
..........
Not white

.......... Not white

[2]
1
(b) The probability that both balls are white is .
15
Show that n 2 - n - 90 = 0 .

[2]

(c) Find the value of n.

Answer ........................................... [2]

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(ii) A candidate scored 60 on Paper 1.

Using both graphs, estimate this candidate’s mark on Paper 2.

Answer .......................................... [1]

(iii) State, with a reason, which you think was the more difficult paper.

Answer Paper ............... because ............................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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(b) A bag contains R red beads and B blue beads.

Two beads are chosen, at random, without replacement.
The tree diagram shows the possible outcomes and their probabilities.

First bead Second bead

11 red
19

3 red
5
8
19 blue

12 red
19
2
5 blue

7
19 blue

(i) Calculate the probability that both beads are red.

Answer .......................................... [1]

(ii) Calculate the probability that the two beads are different colours.

Answer .......................................... [2]

(iii) What is the value of R?

Answer .......................................... [1]

(iv) Of the red beads, half have a yellow spot.

Calculate the probability that, of the two chosen beads, neither has a yellow spot.

Answer .......................................... [2]

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19
1 2 3 4

Four cards are marked with the numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4.

One card is chosen at random.
A second card is then chosen, at random, from the remaining three cards.
The sum of the numbers on the two chosen cards is calculated.

(a) Complete the table to show the possible outcomes.

First card

1 2 3 4

1
Second card

[1]

(b) What is the probability that the sum is less than 2?

Answer .......................................... [1]

(c) What is the probability that the sum is greater than 5?

Answer .......................................... [1]

19 A box has a mass of 1.7 kg, correct to the nearest 0.1 kg.

(a) Write down the lower bound for the mass of the box.

Answer ..................................... kg [1]

(b) The box holds 100 jars.

Each jar has a mass of 140 grams, correct to the nearest 10 grams.

Calculate the lower bound of the total mass of the box and 100 jars.
Give your answer in kilograms.

Answer ..................................... kg [2]

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20 A bag contains 10 counters of which 8 are blue and 2 are white.

Two counters are taken from the bag at random without replacement.

(a) Complete the tree diagram to show the possible outcomes and their probabilities.

First counter Second counter

7 Blue
9

Blue
8
10
............. White

Blue
.............
.............
White

............. White
[1]

(b) Find, as a fraction, the probability that

(i) both counters are blue,

Answer ........................................... [1]

(ii) one counter is blue and the other is white.

Answer ........................................... [2]

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21

Box 1 Box 2

Box 1 contains 2 white balls. Box 2 contains 4 white balls and 3 black balls.

(a) Ann chooses, at random, one ball from each box.

(i) Find the probability that these balls are both black.

Answer ............................................. [1]

(ii) Find the probability that these balls have different colours.

Answer ............................................. [1]

(b) From the original contents of Box 2, Belle chooses, at random, two balls without replacement.

Find the probability that these balls are both white.

Answer ............................................. [1]

(c) Carla chooses one of the boxes at random.

With the original box contents, she then chooses, at random, one ball from this box.

Find the probability that the ball is white.

Answer ............................................. [2]

© UCLES 2016 4024/11/M/J/16