Far Eastern University

Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

___________________________________________________________________________
LECTURE READING 5 – SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAM

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the lesson, student will be able to:
• Construct and interpret the shear and moment diagrams

SHEAR AND MOMENT IN BEAM

Unlike trusses, considered in the preceding lecture, whose members are always subjected to only axial forces, the
members of rigid frames and beams may be subjected to shear forces and bending moments as well as axial forces
under the action of external loads. The determination of these internal forces and moments (stress resultants) is
necessary for the design of such structures.

Axial Force, Shear, and Bending Moment

To determine the internal forces acting on the cross section of the beam at a point C, we pass an imaginary
section cc through C, thereby cutting the beam into two parts AC and CB, as shown in Figs. 5.1(c) and 5.1(d). The
free-body diagram of the portion AC (Fig. 5.1(c)) shows, in addition to the external loads and support reactions acting
on the portion AC, the internal forces, Q; S, and M exerted upon portion AC at C by the removed portion of the
structure. Note that without these internal forces, portion AC is not in equilibrium. Also, under a general coplanar
system of external loads and reactions, three internal forces (two perpendicular force components and a
couple) are necessary at a section to maintain a portion of the beam in equilibrium. The two internal force
components are usually oriented in the direction of, and perpendicular to, the centroidal axis of the beam at
the section under consideration, as shown in Fig. 5.1(c).
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Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

The internal force Q in the direction of the centroidal axis of the beam is called the axial force, and the
internal force S in the direction perpendicular to the centroidal axis is referred to as the shear force (or, simply,
shear). The moment M of the internal couple is termed the bending moment. Recall from mechanics of materials that
these internal forces, Q; S, and M, represent the resultants of the stress distribution acting on the cross section of the
beam.

Sign Convention:

The internal axial force Q is positive when the external forces acting on the member produce tension or have the
tendency to pull the member apart at the section.

The shear S is positive when the external forces tend to push the portion of the member on the left of the section
upward with respect to the portion on the right of the section.

The bending moment M is positive when the external forces and couples tend to bend the beam concave upward,
causing compression in the upper fibers and tension in the lower fibers of the beam at the section.

Procedure for Analysis

The procedure for determining internal forces at a specified location on a beam can be summarized as follows:

1. Compute the support reactions by applying the equations of equilibrium and condition (if any) to the free
body of the entire beam.
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Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Pass a section perpendicular to the centroidal axis of the beam at the point where the internal forces are
desired, thereby cutting the beam into two portions.
3. Although either of the two portions of the beam can be used for computing internal forces, we should select
the portion that will require the least amount of computational effort.
4. Determine the axial force at the section by algebraically summing the components in the direction parallel to
the axis of the beam of all the external loads and support reactions acting on the selected portion. According
to the sign convention adopted in the preceding slides.

5. Determine the shear at the section by algebraically summing the components in the direction perpendicular
to the axis of the beam of all the external loads and reactions acting on the selected portion.

6. Determine the bending moment at the section by algebraically summing the moments about the section of
all the external forces plus the moments of any external couples acting on the selected portion.

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 1

Determine the axial force, shear, and bending moment at point B of the beam shown.
 Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________
𝟑
𝟏𝟏𝟎 . 1 = 𝟔𝟔 𝑲𝑵
𝟓

𝟒
RAH 𝟏𝟏𝟎 . 1 = 𝟖𝟖 𝑲𝑵
𝟓

RAV

Reaction:

' 𝑀$ = 0 𝑅%" (12) − 135(8) − 66(4) = 0 𝑹𝑨𝑽 = 𝟏𝟏𝟐 𝑲𝑵

𝑅! = 0.50 𝑘
4
' 𝐹( = 0 𝑅%( − (110) = 0 𝑹𝑨𝑯 = 𝟖𝟖 𝑲𝑵
5

Consider FBD of AB (left of B):

𝑅"# = 2 𝑘
135KN

RAH A
B

RAV

𝐹! = '𝐹( ] + 𝐹! = 𝑅%( = 88𝐾𝑁

Axial Force @B:

𝑉! = '𝐹" ] 𝑉! = 𝑅%" − 135 𝑉! = −23 𝐾𝑁

Shear Force @B:
+

Bending Moment @B: 𝑀! = '𝑀! ] + 𝑀! = 𝑅%" (6) − 135(2)

𝑀! = 402 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
 Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 2

Determine the axial force, shear, and bending moment at point B of the beam shown.

Consider FBD of AB (right of B), since no unknown reaction present:

20 kN/m

Axial Force @B: 𝐹! = '𝐹( ] -

𝐹! = 0

Shear Force @B: 𝑉! = '𝐹" ] 𝑉! = 20(4) 𝑉! = 80 𝐾𝑁

-

𝑀! = 500 − 20(4)(2) 𝑀! = 340 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

Bending Moment @B: 𝑀! = '𝑀! ] -
 Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 3

Determine the shear and moment equation on segment CD at distance x from A.

x
b Reaction:
RAH
' 𝑴𝑫 = 𝟎

b 𝑹𝑨𝑽 (𝟏𝟐) − 𝟏𝟓(𝟔)(𝟗) − 𝟓𝟎(𝟑) + 𝟏𝟓𝟎 = 𝟎

RAV 𝑹𝑨𝑽
RD
= 𝟔𝟕. 𝟓 𝑲𝑵

Shear equation @ segment CD ( left of b-b):

𝑉$+ = '𝐹" ] + 𝑉$+ = 𝑅%" − 15(6) − 50

𝑉$+ = 67.5 − 15(6) − 50 𝑉$+ = −72.5 𝐾𝑁

Moment equation @ segment CD ( left of b-b):

𝑀$+ = '𝑀, ] + 𝑀$+ = 𝑅%" (𝑥) − 15(6)(𝑥 − 3) + 150 − 50(𝑥 − 9)

𝑀$+ = 67.5(𝑥) − 90(𝑥 − 3) + 150 − 50(𝑥 − 9)

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 4

Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for the beam shown.
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Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

Solve the Reactions:

RAH
A
B C D E

RAV RD

' 𝑀+ = 0 𝑅%" (9) − 265(6) − 245 = 0 𝑅%" = 203.89 𝐾𝑁

' 𝑀% = 0 −𝑅+ (9) + 265(3) − 245 + 30(6)(9) = 0 𝑅+ = 241.11 𝐾𝑁

' 𝐹( = 0 𝑅%( = 0

SHEAR VALUES: 𝐕 = ' 𝐅𝐕

@𝐴: 𝑉%. 203.89 𝐾𝑁

@𝐵: 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐵: 𝑉!# = 203.89 − 0 = 203.89 𝐾𝑁

𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐵: 𝑉!/ = 203.89 − 265 = −61.11 𝐾𝑁

@𝐶: 𝑉$ = −61.11 𝐾𝑁

@𝐷: 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐷: 𝑉+# = −61.11 − 30(3) = −151.11 𝐾𝑁

𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐷: 𝑉+/ = −151.11 + 241.11 = 90𝐾𝑁

@𝐸: 𝑉0 = 90 − 30(3) = 0

MOMENT VALUES: 𝑀 = '𝑀

@𝐴: 𝑀% = 0

@𝐵: 𝑀! = 𝑀% ± 𝐴%! 𝑀! = 0 + 203.89(3)

𝑀! = 611.67 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

@𝐶: 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐶: 𝑀$# = 𝑀! ± 𝐴!$

 Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________
𝑀$# = 611.67 − 61.11(3) = 428.34 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐶: 𝑀$/ = 𝑀$# ± 𝐶

𝑀$/ = 428.34 − 245 = 183.34 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚

(61.11 + 151.11)
@𝐷: 𝑀+ = 𝑀$/ ± 𝐴$+ 𝑀+ = 183.34 − (3) = −135 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
2
1
@𝐸: 𝑀0 = 𝑀+ ± 𝐴+0 𝑀0 = −135 + (3)(90) = 0
2

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 5

Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for the beam shown.

Solve the Reactions:

1
' 𝑀$ = 0 𝑅! (6) − (9)(27)(3) = 0
2

𝑅! = 60.75 𝐾𝑁
B C
A
1
D ' 𝑀! = 0 −𝑅$ (6) + (9)(27)(3) = 0
2
RB RC
𝑅$ = 60.75 𝐾𝑁
' 𝐹( = 0 𝑅!( = 0

SHEAR VALUES: 𝐕 = ' 𝐅𝐕

@𝐴: 𝑉% = 0
1 1
@𝐵: 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐵: 𝑉!# = 0 − 3(𝑦1 ) = − 3(9) = −13.5 𝐾𝑁
2 2
𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐵: 𝑉!/ = −13.5 + 60.75 = 47.25𝐾𝑁
1
@𝐶: 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐶: 𝑉$# = 47.25 − (𝑦1 + 27)(6)
2
1
= 47.25 − (9 + 27)(6) = −60.75 𝐾𝑁
2
𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐶: 𝑉$/ = −60.75 + 60.75 = 0
 Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________
@D, point of zero shear: 𝑦1 27 𝑦
= =
3 9 𝑥
27(3)
D 𝑦1 = = 9𝐾𝑁/𝑚
9
27𝑥
𝑦= = 3𝑥, 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
9
1
𝑉+ = 0 = 𝑅! − 𝑥𝑦
2
1
0 = 60.75 − 𝑥(3𝑥)
2
60.75(2)
𝑥2 = 𝑥 = 6.36 𝑚 𝑦 = 3𝑥
3
𝑦 = 3(6.36)

= 19.08 𝐾𝑁/𝑚

MOMENT VALUES: 𝑀 = '𝑀

@𝐴: 𝑀% = 0
1
@𝐵: 𝑀! = ∑ 𝑀! = − 3(9)(1)
2

𝑀! = −13.5 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
1 1
@𝐷: 𝑀+ = ∑ 𝑀+ = 60.75(𝑥 − 3) − 2 𝑥(𝑦) d3 𝑥e

1 1
𝑀+ = 60.75(6.36 − 3) − 2 (6.35)(19.08) d3 6.36e

𝑀+ = 75.69 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
1
@𝐶: 𝑀$ = ∑ 𝑀$ = 60.75(6) − 9(27)(3) = 0
2
 Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 6

Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for the beam shown.

Solve the Reactions:

A MC
15KN-m B C

RC=30KN

𝟏
' 𝑴𝑪 = 𝟎 𝑴𝑪 + 𝟏𝟓 − (𝟏. 𝟓)(𝟖)(𝟑. 𝟓) − (𝟖)(𝟑)(𝟏. 𝟓) = 𝟎 𝑴𝑪 = 𝟒𝟐 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟐
𝟏
' 𝑭𝑽 = 𝟎 𝑹𝑪 − (𝟏. 𝟓)(𝟖) − (𝟖)(𝟑) = 𝟎 𝑹𝑪 = 𝟑𝟎𝑲𝑵
𝟐

' 𝑭𝑯 = 𝟎 𝑹𝑪𝑯 = 𝟎

SHEAR VALUES: 𝐕 = ' 𝐅𝐕

@𝐴: 𝑉% = 0
𝟏
@𝐵: 𝑽𝑩 = − (𝟏. 𝟓)(𝟖) = −𝟔 𝑲𝑵
𝟐
𝟏
@𝑪: 𝒍𝒆𝒇𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑪: 𝑽𝑪𝑳 = − (𝟏. 𝟓)(𝟖) − 𝟖(𝟑) = −𝟑𝟎 𝐊𝐍
𝟐
𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑪: 𝑽𝑪𝑹 = −𝟑𝟎 + 𝟑𝟎 = 𝟎
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Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

MOMENT VALUES: 𝑴 = '𝑴

@𝑨: 𝑴𝑨 = ∑ 𝑴𝑨 = 𝟏𝟓 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟏
@𝑩: 𝑴𝑩 = ∑ 𝑴𝑩 = 𝟏𝟓 − 𝟐 (𝟏. 𝟓)(𝟖)(𝟎. 𝟓) = 𝟏𝟐 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟏
@𝑪: 𝒍𝒆𝒇𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑪: 𝑴𝑪𝑳 = ∑ 𝑴𝑪 = 𝟏𝟓 − 𝟐 (𝟏. 𝟓)(𝟖)(𝟑. 𝟓) − 𝟖(𝟑)(𝟏. 𝟓)

𝑴𝑪𝑳 = −𝟒𝟐 𝐊𝐍 − 𝐦

𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑪: 𝑴𝑪𝑹 = −𝟒𝟐 + 𝑴𝑪 = −𝟒𝟐 + 𝟒𝟐 = 𝟎

 Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

PROBLEM NO. 7
Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for the beam shown.

Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for the beam show

𝑴𝑨 = 𝟗𝟔 𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎

𝑨𝒀 = 𝟑𝟒 𝑲𝑵 𝑪𝒀 = 𝟐 𝑲𝑵

V-DIAG

KN

M-DIAG

KN-m