The Internet, also called the Net, is a

worldwide collection of computer

networks that links millions of
businesses, government agencies,
educational institutions, and
individuals. The Internet is a widely
used research tool, providing society
with access to global information and
instant communications.

The World Wide Web, or simply the

Web, and e-mail are two of the more
widely used Internet services. Other
services include chat rooms, instant
messaging, and VoIP (Voice over
Internet Protocol).
The Internet has its roots in a networking project
started by an agency of the U.S. Department of
Defense. The goal was to build a network that (1)
allowed scientists at different locations to share
information and work together on military and
scientific projects and (2) could function even if
part of the network were disabled or destroyed by
a disaster such as a nuclear attack. That network,
called ARPANET, became functional in September
1969, linking scientific and academic researchers
across the United States.

Packet switching allowed computers to connect to each other over a network called
ARPANET, the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. With packet switching, the
data could be broken up into smaller segments, and each segment could be sent
individually. Once the data reached its destination, the packets were able to be re-
assembled into a complete packet.
ARPA – Advanced Research Project Agency
January 2, 1969 – started an experimental
computer network.

Packet switching allowed computers to connect

to each other over a network called ARPANET, the
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network.
With packet switching, the data could be broken
up into smaller segments, and each segment
could be sent individually. Once the data reached
its destination, the packets were able to be re-
assembled into a complete packet.

Vinton Gray Cerf is an American Internet pioneer

and is recognized as one of "the fathers of the
Internet", sharing this title with TCP/IP co-
developer Bob Kahn.
1. Servers – is a computer program that provides service to another computer program
and it’s user.

• Application Server – a program in computer that provides the business logic for an
application program.
• Web Server – a computer program that serves requested HTML pages or files.
• Proxy Server – is a software that acts as an intermediary between an endpoint device,
such as computer and another server from which a user is requesting.
• Mail Server – is an application that receives incoming e-mail from local users and remote
senders and forward outgoing e-mail for delivery
• File Server – is a computer responsible for central storage and management of data files so
that other computer on the same network can access them.
• Policy Server – is a security component of a policy – based network that provides
authorization services and facilities tracking and control of files.
2. IP Address (Internet Protocol address)
The Internet relies on an addressing system
much like the postal service to send data and
information to a computer at a specific
destination. An IP address, short for Internet
Protocol address, is a number that uniquely
identifies each computer or device
connected to the Internet. The IP address
usually consists of four groups of numbers,
each separated by a period. In general, the
first portion of each IP address identifies the
network and the last portion identifies the
specific computer.
Every domain name contains a
top-level domain (TLD), which
is the last section of the
domain name. A generic TLD
(gTLD), such as the com in
Figure 2-3, identifies the type
of organization associated with
the domain. Figure 2-4 lists
some gTLDs. For international
Web sites outside the United
States, the domain name also
includes a country code TLD
(ccTLD), which is a two-letter
country code, such as au for
Australia or fr for France.
3. Domain Name System (DNS) – is the
phonebook of internet. We access
information online through domain names.

4. Browser - A browser is software that

enables users with an Internet connection to
access and view webpages on a computer or
mobile device. Some widely used browsers
include Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, and
Google Chrome.
• ·Chrome: Google’s Chrome is one of the newer browser offerings, first released in
2008. The free browser is available for Windows and Mac OS and must be
downloaded and installed. Chrome has independent tabbed browsing: if one tab
develops a problem, the other tabs continue to function.
• ·Firefox: Developed by the Mozilla Corporation for computers running Windows, Mac,
OS, and Linux, Firefox is recognized for its extensive array of plug-ins. This free
general-purpose browser was first released in 2004 and must be downloaded and
installed.
• ·Opera: This second-oldest browser is free, fast, and small. It began as a research
project in Norway in 1994 and introduced several features found on most of today’s
browsers.
• ·Safari: Preinstalled on Apple computers and mobile devices, Safari has been the
default browser for Mac OS since 2003 and is relatively new to Windows.

• ·Microsoft Edge: This internet browser made by Microsoft, which is installed by

default on all new Windows computers. It has hundreds of extensions that were
originally meant for Google Chrome users.
5. Internet Service Provide (ISP) – is an
organization that provides services for
accessing, using or participating in the
internet.

Two types of ISP:

• Regional ISP – provided internet access to a

specific geographic area.
• National ISP – business that provides
internet access in cities and towns
nationwide.

Example of ISP: Sky Broadband, PLDT,

Converge
 Uses of
Internet
• Look for information

• School works, jobs, and home purposes

• Send and receive electronic mail
• Video teleconferencing (video call, video chat)
• Buy and sell product
• Social networking
• Watch & post videos
• Games
• Take college courses
• Monitor home while away
• Financial transactions
• Download music and movies
 The World Wide Web (WWW), or Web, a
widely used service on the Internet, consists
of a worldwide collection of electronic
documents.
The World Wide Web (or web, for short) is a
global library of information available to
anyone connected to the Internet.

People around the world access the web to accomplish the following types of online tasks:

• Search for information • Shop for goods and services

• Conduct research • Play games with others
• Communicate with and meet other people • Download or listen to music
• Share information, photos and videos with others • Watch videos
• Access news, weather and sports • Download or read books
• Participate in online training • Make reservations
Tim Berners-Lee also known as TimBL, a British computer scientist, invented the World
Wide Web (WWW) in 1989, while working at CERN. He is a Professorial Fellow of
Computer Science at the University of Oxford and a professor at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology. The Web was originally conceived and developed to meet the
demand for automated information-sharing between scientists in universities and
institutes around the world.
The web consists of a worldwide collection of
electronic documents. Each electronic
document on the web is called a webpage,
which can contain text, graphics, audio and
video.

A website is a collection of related

webpages, which are stored on a web server.
A web server is a computer that delivers
requested webpages to your computer or
mobile device.

Some people use the phrase surfing the web

to refer to the activity of using links to
explore the web.
A primary reason that people use the web is to
search for specific information, including text,
photos, music, and videos. The first step in
successful searching is to identify the main idea
or concept in the topic about which you are
seeking information. Determine any synonyms,
alternate spellings, or variant word forms for the
topic. Then, use a search engine, such as Google,
to help you locate the information.

A search engine is software that finds websites,

webpages, images, videos, news, maps, and
other information related to a specific topic.
A Web page has a unique address, which is called a URL (Uniform Resource Locator) or Web
address.

A Web address consists of a protocol, domain name, and sometimes the path to a specific
Web page or location on a Web page. Many Web page addresses begin with http://. The http,
which stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, is a set of rules that defines how pages transfer
on the Internet.
A link, short for hyperlink, is a built-in connection to
another related Web page or part of a Web page.
Links allow you to obtain information in a nonlinear
way. That is, instead of accessing topics in a
specified order, you move directly to a topic of
interest. Branching from one related topic to
another in a nonlinear fashion is what makes links
so powerful.

A link can be text or an image. Text links may be

underlined and/or displayed in a color different
from other text on the Web page. Pointing to, or
positioning the pointer on, a link on the screen
typically changes the shape of the pointer to a small
hand with a pointing index finger. Pointing to a link
also sometimes causes the link to change in
appearance or play a sound.
It is an old internet that only allows people to
read from the internet. First stage worldwide
linking web pages and hyperlink. Web is use
as “information portal”. It uses table to
positions and align elements on page.

✓ ▪
✓ ▪
✓
✓ ▪
✓
• A term used to describe a new generation of Web
services and applications with an increasing
emphasis on human collaboration.
• It is a platform that gives users the possibility
(liberty) to control their data.
• This is about user-generated content and the read-
write web.
• People are consuming as well as contributing
information through blogs or sites.
• Allows the user to interact with the page known as
DYNAMIC PAGE; instead of just reading a page, the
user may be able to comment or create a user
account. Dynamic page refers to the web pages
that are affected by user input or preference.
• Is focused on the ability for people to collaborate
and share information online via social media,
blogging and Web-based communities
1. Social Networking - is the use of Internet-based social
media sites to stay connected with friends, family,
colleagues, customers, or clients. Social networking
can have a social purpose, a business purpose, or
both.

2. Blogs - is a discussion or informational website

published on the world wide web consisting of
discrete, often informal diary-style text entries (posts).

3. Wikis - is a hypertext publication collaboratively

edited and managed by its own audience directly
using a web browser.

4. Video Sharing Sites - a website that lets people

upload and share their video clips with the public at
large or to invited guests.
1. Folksonomy – allows users to categorize and
classify/arrange information using freely chosen
keywords (e.g. tagging).

2. Rich User Interface – content is dynamic and is

responsive to user’s input. An example would be a
website that shows local content.

3. User Participation – the owner of website is not the only

one who is able to put content. Others are able to place
a content on their own by means of comments, reviews,
and evaluation.

4. Long Tail – services are offered on demand rather than

on a one-time purchase. This is synonymous to
subscribing to a data plan that charges you for the
amount of time you spent on Internet or a data plan that
charges you for the amount of bandwidth you used.
• Suggested name by John Markoff of the New York
Times for the third generation of the web.
• In this generation, all the application on web or
mobile will be upgraded with more features. It
applies same principles as Web 2.0: two-way
interaction.
• Web 3.0 will be more connected, open, and
intelligent, with semantic web technologies,
distributed databases, natural language processing,
machine learning, machine reasoning and
autonomous agents.
• Semantic Web - provides a framework that allows
data to be shared and reuse to deliver web content
specifically targeting the user.
• It is a web of data.
• Changing the web into a language that can be read
and categorized by the system rather than humans.
1. Portal
A Portal is a web site that offers a
variety of Internet services from a single,
convenient location. Most portals offer
these free services; search engine, sports,
news and weather, etc.

2. News
A news website contains
newsworthy materials including stories
and articles relating to current events,
life, money, sports and weather.
3. Informational
An informational web site
contains factual information. Many
government agencies have
informational web sites providing
information such as census data, tax
codes, and the congressional budget.

4. Business/Marketing
A business/marketing web site
contains content that promotes or
sells product or services. Many
companies also allow you to
purchase their products or services
online.
5. Blog
A blog, short WebBlog, is an
informal website consisting of time-
stamped articles, or posts, in a diary or
journal format, usually listed in reversed
chronological order. A blog that contains
video clips are called video blog or vlog.

6. Wiki
A wiki is a collaborative web site
that allows users to create, add, modify
or delete Web content via their web
browsers. Most wikis are open for
modifications by the general public.
7. Online Social Networks
An online social network, also
called a Social Networking Web Site, is a
web site that encouraged members in its
online community to share their
interests, ideas, stories, photos, music
and videos with other registered users.

8. Educational
An educational web site offers
exciting and challenging avenues for
formal and informal teaching and
learning experience. Instructors often
use the Web to enhance classroom
teaching by publishing course materials,
grades and other pertinent class
information.
9. Entertainment
An entertainment web site offers an
interactive and engaging environment.
Popular entertainment web sites offer
music, videos, sports, games, ongoing
web episodes, chatrooms and more.

10. Advocacy
An advocacy web site contains
content that describes a cause, opinions,
or idea. These web sites usually present
views of a particular group or
association.
11. E-commerce
An e-commerce web site is the
virtual space where business owners
showcase their products, and online
customers make selections. It facilitates
the transaction between a buyer and
seller.

12. Web Application

A web application or WebApp, is a
web site that allows users to access and
interact with software through a web
browser on any computer device
connected to the Internet.