Hardware Project of ICT
RFID Lock System
Submitted by:
1. Farzooq Haider (23-CS-69)
2. Muhammad Mudassir (23-CS-90)
Submitted to:
Dr. Muhammad Munwar Iqbal
Department of Computer Science
University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila
Fall 2023
ABSTRACT
The primary objective of this project is to design and implement an RFID-based lock system using
Arduino technology, offering an advanced and secure access control solution. As security concerns
continue to evolve, traditional lock and key systems are being replaced by innovative approaches such
as Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID). In this project, an Arduino board is interfaced with an
RFID reader, and a locking mechanism is controlled based on the RFID tag authentication. Users can
gain access by presenting an authorized RFID card or tag to the reader. The system is programmable
to grant or deny access to specific individuals, adding a layer of personalization and security. This
RFID lock system not only enhances security but also provides a convenient and efficient means of
access control for homes, offices, or any space requiring restricted entry. The Arduino code is tailored
to validate RFID credentials, making it a versatile and customizable solution for modern access
management.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my profound gratitude to the Almighty Allah for bestowing upon me the strength, guidance,
and blessings necessary to undertake and successfully complete this research work on the RFID lock
system developed using Arduino. I extend my heartfelt Durood upon the Holy Prophet Hazrat
Muhammad (Peace be Upon Him) whose teachings have illuminated the path of Islam, guiding us
towards a righteous and balanced life.
A sincere acknowledgment is owed to my dedicated supervisor, Assistant Professor Dr. Muhammad
Munwar Iqbal, for his invaluable guidance and unwavering support throughout the research process.
His mentorship has been instrumental in shaping the direction of this work, and I am grateful for the
educational environment he provided.
I am profoundly indebted to my parents, whose unwavering encouragement and support have been
the pillars of my journey. Their commitment to my education has been a constant source of inspiration,
and I am grateful for the values and principles they instilled in me.
Special thanks are also extended to my group partner for their enduring support and affection. Their
encouragement has been a source of strength during challenging times. I am equally thankful to my
colleagues and dear friends who stood by me, providing motivation and inspiration throughout my
academic endeavors.
This research would not have been possible without the collective support and encouragement of my
family, friends, and mentors. I am truly grateful for the unwavering backing I have received,
contributing significantly to the successful completion of this RFID lock system project.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ..............................................................................................................1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................ 2
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 4
PROJECT AIM & SCOPE ........................................................................................ 4
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT .................................................................................. 5
H/W & S/W REQUIREMENT ................................................................................. 5
DESCRIPTION OF H/W REQUIRED ...................................................................... 6
ARDUINO DIAGRAM… .......................................................................................... 7
I2C MODULE ............................................................................................................. 8
DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION ..........................................................................9
DESIGNING OF CIRCUIT ........................................................................................ 9
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION & PROGRAM CODE ......................................... 10
PROS&CONS… .....................................................................................................12
APPLICATIONS& FUTURE DEVELOPMENT ................................................... 13
CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................... 14
Introduction
In our project we will be making a RFID In the contemporary landscape of technological evolution,
the convergence of RFID technology and Arduino microcontrollers has given rise to a
transformative solution in the form of RFID lock systems. This innovative amalgamation
introduces a sophisticated and efficient approach to access control and security. RFID, or Radio-
Frequency Identification, brings wireless communication capabilities to the forefront, enabling
seamless identification and authentication processes. Paired with the flexibility and
programmability of Arduino microcontrollers, this combination empowers the creation of
intelligent and adaptable lock systems. The RFID lock system operates by utilizing RFID tags or
cards, which contain unique identification information. When presented to the RFID reader, these
tags initiate a communication process with the Arduino, allowing for swift and accurate user
verification. The Arduino, acting as the brain of the system, interprets the RFID data and triggers
the locking or unlocking mechanism accordingly. This not only enhances the overall security of a
given space but also facilitates a streamlined and user-friendly access management experience. The
versatility of Arduino allows for customization and integration with various other components,
expanding the potential applications of RFID lock systems across a spectrum of environments, from
residential homes to commercial enterprises. As we delve deeper into the intricacies of this
technology, we uncover the multifaceted capabilities that make RFID lock systems a cornerstone
in the realm of smart and secure access control solutions.
Project Aim
The Design and implement an Arduino-based RFID Lock System to showcase a practical and
secure application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), providing efficient user
authentication and access control through RFID cards, while offering a user-friendly interface with
an LCD display.
Project Objective
The objective of this project is to implement a low cost , reliable and scalable home automation
system that can be used to remotely switch on or off any household appliance , using a
microcontroller to achieve hardware simplicity, low cost short messaging service for feedback and
voice dial from any phone to toggle the switch state.
Project scope and limitation
This The project involves creating an RFID lock system using Arduino for secure access control
through RFID cards or tags, providing a customizable and user-friendly solution for authorized
entry in residential, commercial, or institutional spaces. However, limitations include the system's
limited RFID range, potential security vulnerabilities necessitating encryption , fixed access
points requiring additional hardware for expansion, power
dependency during outages, and cost considerations for RFID tags, readers, and related
components. These factors need careful consideration to ensure realistic expectations and effective
mitigation strategies..
Description of the Project
This project focuses on the development of a cutting-edge RFID lock system using Arduino
technology, tailored for robust access control in diverse environments. The system's core
functionality relies on Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) cards or tags, offering a secure
and customizable solution for authorized entry. The integration of Arduino ensures a seamless
user experience, allowing for efficient access control. The project's central aim is to provide
flexibility in access permissions, accommodating the specific needs of residential, commercial,
or institutional spaces.
While the RFID lock system promises enhanced security and user-friendly features, certain
limitations merit consideration. These include the system's constrained RFID range, potential
security vulnerabilities necessitating encryption measures, fixed access points requiring
additional hardware for expansion, power dependency during outages, and associated costs
for RFID tags, readers, and system components. Acknowledging these limitations ensures a
realistic understanding of the system's capabilities and informs strategic planning for effective
deployment. In summary, this project endeavors to deliver a reliable and adaptable access
control solution while proactively addressing potential challenges.
Hardware Requirement
The list of components required .
1. Arduino Uno
2. RFID module
3. 12C module
4. LCD display
5. Jumper wire
6. Lock
7. Servo motor
8. Prototyping board (Bread board)
9. Connecting wires
10. 9 V Power supply
11. USB power supply
Software Requirement
1. Arduino compiler (IDE)
Description of Hardware Required
Arduino uno
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P . It has 14 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal
oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains
everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB
cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.
The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to- serial driver
chip. Instead, it features the Atmega8U2 programmed as a USB-to- serial converter.
ARDUINO Diagram
I2C Module
The Inter-Integrated Circuit, or I2C, module is like the social butterfly of communication protocols in
the world of electronics. It's a two-wire serial communication protocol that enables devices to talk to
each other with a minimal number of connections.
Imagine a scenario where different electronic components need to share information within a device,
like sensors, displays, and microcontrollers. The I2C module simplifies this communication by
providing a straightforward way for these components to exchange data.
The I2C module consists of two lines: SDA (Serial Data Line) and SCL (Serial Clock Line). These two
lines form the backbone of communication. The SDA line carries the actual data, while the SCL line
dictates the timing of data transmission.
Design and Implementation
The design and implementation of the RFID project involve integrating an Arduino board with an
RFID reader to create a secure access control system. RFID cards or tags are used for user
authentication, enabling authorized individuals to access specific areas. The Arduino code is
programmed to validate RFID credentials, triggering a locking mechanism for authorized users.
The implementation includes careful consideration of security measures such as encryption,
addressing potential vulnerabilities. This RFID system is designed to be versatile, offering a
scalable solution for various applications where secure access control is paramount..
Designing the Circuit
Technical Specification for this project
1. Arduino Board (e.g., Arduino Uno), RFID Reader Module, RFID Cards or Tags, Electronic Locking
Mechanism (e.g., servo motor or solenoid lock).
2. Communication between the Arduino board and RFID reader using appropriate protocols.
3. Stable power source for continuous operation.
4. User-friendly interface for adding, modifying, or removing RFID credentials.
5. Encryption of RFID data to protect against unauthorized cloning.
6. Adherence to relevant standards and regulations for access control systems.
Program Code
/*Door lock system code
* https://srituhobby.com
*/
#include <Servo.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#include <MFRC522.h>
#define SS_PIN 10
String UID =”60 3E 88 1A”
byte lock = 0;
Servo servo;
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);
MFRC522 rfid(SS_PIN, RST_PIN);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
servo.write(70);
lcd.init();
lcd.backlight();
servo.attach(3);
SPI.begin();
rfid.PCD_Init();
}
void loop() {
lcd.setCursor(4, 0);
lcd.print("Welcome!");
lcd.setCursor(1, 1);
lcd.print("Put your card");
If ( ! rfid.PICC_IsNewCardPresent())
return;
if ( ! rfid.PICC_ReadCardSerial())
return;
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Scanning");
Serial.print("NUID tag is :");
String ID = "";
for (byte i = 0; i < rfid.uid.size; i++) {
lcd.print(".");
ID.concat(String(rfid.uid.uidByte[i] < 0x10 ? " 0" : " "));
ID.concat(String(rfid.uid.uidByte[i], HEX));
delay(300);
}
ID.toUpperCase();
if (ID.substring(1) == UID && lock == 0 ) {
servo.write(70);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Door is locked");
delay(1500);
lcd.clear();
lock = 1;
} else if (ID.substring(1) == UID && lock == 1 ) {
servo.write(160);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Door is open");
delay(1500);
lcd.clear();
lock = 0;
} else {
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Wrong card!");
delay(1500);
lcd.clear();
}
}
Pros of RFID Lock System:
Enhanced Security:
RFID lock systems provide a higher level of security compared to traditional lock and key mechanisms, as
they require RFID cards or tags for access.
Convenience:
Users can gain access with a simple swipe or tap of an RFID card or tag, eliminating the need for physical
keys and making the process more convenient.
Customizable Access:
Access permissions can be easily managed and customized, allowing for flexible control over who can access
specific areas or assets.
Audit Trail:
RFID systems often come with the ability to generate an audit trail, providing a record of access events, which
can be valuable for security monitoring and investigations.
Quick Access:
RFID technology enables fast and efficient access, contributing to improved user experience and reduced wait
times.
Cons of RFID Lock System:
1. Cost
Implementing RFID lock systems can involve higher initial costs due to the need for RFID
cards, readers, and associated hardware
2. Limited Range
The effective range of RFID communication is limited, and users need to be in close proximity
to the RFID reader for authentication.
3. System Vulnerabilities
Despite their advanced security features, RFID systems are not immune to potential hacking
or cloning, highlighting the importance of robust encryption measures.
Applications
• Educational institutions, including schools and universities, can benefit from the RFID lock
system to secure access to classrooms, labs, and administrative areas. Students and staff can
use RFID cards for swift and secure entry, reducing the risk of unauthorized access.
Additionally, the system facilitates easy tracking of attendance and movement within the
campus, enhancing overall safety and security measures.
• in commercial environments, such as offices or coworking spaces, the RFID lock system
provides an efficient way to manage access to different areas within the premises. Employees
can use RFID cards for secure entry into designated workspaces, meeting rooms, or restricted
zones. The system's customizable access permissions enable administrators to control and
monitor access levels for various personnel, contributing to enhanced security and efficient
space management.
Future Development of the project
• Future development may focus on integrating the RFID lock system with advanced connectivity
options, allowing for remote access management and seamless integration with emerging smart
home or office technologies.
• Potential advancements include integrating biometric authentication methods, like fingerprint or
facial recognition, to augment the RFID lock system's security features and provide more robust
identity verification
Conclusion
In conclusion, the RFID lock system developed using Arduino technology represents a
significant advancement in access control solutions, offering a blend of security,
convenience, and flexibility. By seamlessly integrating Arduino boards with RFID reader
modules and electronic locking mechanisms, the project successfully addresses the need
for secure entry in various contexts.
The system's ability to authenticate users through RFID cards or tags enhances security,
eliminating the reliance on traditional keys. Its user-friendly interface facilitates easy
customization of access permissions, making it adaptable for residential, commercial, and
educational settings. The project's successful implementation ensures quick and efficient
access while also providing a reliable audit trail for monitoring purposes.
Looking forward, potential future developments include the integration of IoT connectivity,
allowing users to manage access remotely through smart devices. Additionally, the
incorporation of biometric authentication methods, such as fingerprint or facial recognition,
could further enhance the system's security features.
In essence, the RFID lock system serves as a robust and scalable solution for modern access
control needs. Its successful implementation underscores its potential to contribute to
secure and efficient entry management in diverse environments, laying the groundwork for
future advancements in smart and connected security systems.
