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Bab 1

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14 views

Bab 1

bab1

Uploaded by

ibs konversi energi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THERMODYNAMICS

What is thermodynamics?
• The study of the relationship
between work, heat, and energy.

• Deals with the conversion of energy


from one form to another.

• Deals with the interaction of a


system and it surroundings.
Why do we need to study
thermodynamics?
Knowledge of thermodynamics is
required to design any device involving
the interchange between heat and
work, or the conversion of material to
produce heat (combustion) to achieve
better performance, reduction in total
cost and less environmental impact.
Examples of practical
thermodynamic devices:
BOILER
TURBIN
CONDENSOR
POMPA
Examples of practical
thermodynamic devices:
Examples of practical
thermodynamic devices:
System, Surroundings and
Boundary
System: everything we
want to study by defining
boundary

Surroundings -
everything outside the
system boundary.

The system is
distinguished from its
surroundings by a specified
boundary,
System
Example: Internal Combustion (IC) Engine
Closed System
Closed System - fixed non-changing mass of
fluid within the system, i.e., no mass transfer
across the system boundary but can have
energy exchange with the surroundings.
Example: piston-cylinder assembly
Isolated System
Isolated System - a system that does not interact at all
with the surroundings, e.g., no heat transfer across system
boundary
Open System (Control Volume)
Open System (Control Volume) - fixed volume in
space, mass and energy exchange permitted across the
system boundary.
Properties
Properties – macroscopic characteristics of a system to
which a numerical value can be assigned at a given time
without knowledge of the history of the system, e.g., mass,
volume, pressure
There are two types of properties:

Extensive – the property value for the system is the sum


of the values of the parts into which the system is divided
(depends on the system size) e.g., mass, volume, energy

Intensive – the property is independent of system size


(value may vary throughout the system), e.g., pressure,
temperature
Properties

But: extensive properties per unit mass become intensive


properties, e.g., v = V/m, (m3/kg)
v = specific volume; note that v = 1/ρ
UNIT
DIMENSI PRIMER SEKUNDER

SISTEM
SI Massa M kg Volume
UNIT Tekanan
Lenght L m
Energi, dll
Time T s

BRITISH Force F lbf Volume


UNIT Massa M lbm Tekanan
Energi
Lenght L ft, inch
dll
Time T s
UNIT
Pressure
Temperature
Temperature
State – condition of the thermodynamic
system as described by its properties

Steady state - if none of the


system properties change equilibrium - if when the system
with time is isolated from its surroundings
there are no changes in its
properties
equilibrium

A system is said to be in thermodynamic equilibrium if it


maintains:

• Thermal equilibrium – uniform temperature


• Mechanical equilibrium – uniform pressure
• Phase equilibrium – the mass of two phases does not
change
• Chemical equilibrium – uniform chemical composition
Process - the transformation of a system
from one state to another state.
Process
Process
Cycle - a sequence of processes that
begins and ends at the same state

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