DC Ac Ass

ABTAJI, PRINCESS ANDREA G.
BSME 3-3 DC AND AC MACHINERY

ENGR. ARMINGOL, MORALES
ASSIGNMENT # 1
1. AC (Alternating Current): An electrical current that changes direction periodically. It is

commonly used for power distribution in homes and industries.
2. Armature: The part of an electric machine where voltage is induced by movement within a
magnetic field. Armatures are critical in both generating and receiving electrical energy.
3. Back EMF (Electromotive Force): The voltage generated that opposes the current causing
it, typically observed in motors. Back EMF is crucial for regulating the speed of electric motors.
4. Brushes: Conductive materials that transmit current between stationary wires and moving
parts, typically in a rotating shaft. Brushes are vital for maintaining electrical contact in motors
and generators.
5. Capacitor: A device that stores energy in an electric field, used for regulating voltage and
current. Capacitors are essential in electronic circuits for functions like smoothing and filtering.
6. Commutator: A mechanical switch in a DC machine that periodically reverses the current
direction in the armature. Commutators ensure the proper functioning of the motor by
maintaining unidirectional torque.
7. Compound Motor: A DC motor that combines both series and shunt field windings.
Compound motors offer a balance of high starting torque and stable operation, useful in heavy
machinery.
8. DC (Direct Current): An electrical current that flows in only one direction. It is typically used
in battery-operated devices and electronics.
9. Dielectric Strength: The maximum electric field that a material can withstand without
breaking down.
10. Eddy Current Loss: Power loss caused by currents induced within the core of an electrical
machine. These losses generate heat and reduce the efficiency of the machine.
11. Efficiency: The ratio of useful power output to the total power input. Higher efficiency
means less energy waste and better performance.
12. Electromagnetic Induction: The generation of an electromotive force by changing the
magnetic field. This principle is the foundation of many electrical devices, including generators
and transformers.
13. Generator: A generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, producing either
AC through rotating coils in a magnetic field or DC by using a commutator. They are commonly
used in power plants, renewable energy systems, and backup power supplies.
14. Hysteresis Loss: Energy lost due to the lagging of magnetization in the core material of
electrical machines. Hysteresis loss is a factor in the overall efficiency of transformers and
motors.
15. Induction Motor: An AC motor where the current needed for torque in the rotor is induced
by electromagnetic induction. Induction motors are known for their durability and are widely
used in industrial applications.
16. Inductor: A device that stores energy in a magnetic field when an electric current passes
through it. Inductors are used in filters, transformers, and energy storage applications.
17. Insulation: Material used to prevent the leakage of electric current from conductors.
18. Load: The amount of power consumed by a device or circuit. The load can vary depending
on the device's operational requirements.
19. Load Factor: The ratio of the average load to the maximum load over a specific period. A
higher load factor indicates more efficient use of the electrical system's capacity.
20. Motor: A motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, with AC motors
(synchronous and induction) using alternating current and DC motors using direct current to
perform tasks in industrial machinery, appliances, and electric vehicles.
21. No-load Condition: The state of a machine operating without any connected load. In this
condition, the machine consumes minimal power, mostly for overcoming internal losses.
22. Power Factor: The ratio of real power used in a circuit to the total apparent power supplied.
A high power factor indicates efficient utilization of electrical power.
23. Rotor: The rotating component of an electrical machine like a motor or generator. The rotor
generates or utilizes mechanical energy through its movement.
24. Saturation: The state in which an increase in current does not result in an increase in
magnetic flux.
25. Series Wound Motor: A DC motor where the field windings are connected in series with the
armature. These motors provide high starting torque and are used in applications like cranes
and elevators.
26. Shunt Wound Motor: A DC motor where the field windings are connected in parallel with
the armature. Shunt wound motors are known for their stable speed characteristics under
varying loads.
27. Slip Ring: A device that enables the transfer of electrical power and signals from a
stationary to a rotating part. Slip rings are used in applications like wind turbines and rotating
assemblies.
28. Stator: The stationary part of a motor or generator that houses the rotating rotor. It provides
the magnetic field necessary for the rotor's operation.
29. Synchronous Motor: An AC motor that runs at a speed directly proportional to the
frequency of the input current. Synchronous motors are used in applications requiring precise
speed control.
30. Torque: The measure of rotational force on an object. It is a critical factor in the
performance of motors and engines.
31. Transformer: A device that transfers electrical energy between circuits using
electromagnetic induction. Transformers are crucial for voltage conversion in power
transmission systems.
32. Voltage Regulation: The ability of a system to maintain a constant voltage level under
varying load conditions. Good voltage regulation ensures reliable and stable power supply.

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ABTAJI, PRINCESS ANDREA G.

BSME 3-3 DC AND AC MACHINERY

1. AC (Alternating Current): An electrical current that changes direction periodically. It is

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