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title ('figure 25.4:linestyles and markers')

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x = linspace(0,2*pi,30);
y = sin (x);
z = cos(x);
subplot(2,2,1)
plot(x,y);
axis([0,2*pi ,-1,1]);
subplot(2,2,2)
plot(x,z)
axis ([0,2*pi, -1 , 1]);

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plot(x,y,x,z);
legend('sin(x)' , 'cos(x)');

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a = [.5 1 1.6 1.2 .8 2.1 ];
pie (a,a = = max(a));

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y = sin(x);
z =3*cos(x);
subplot(2,2,1);
plot(x,y,x,z);
subplot(2,1,2);
plotyy(x,y,x,z);

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Figure
subplot(1,2,1), imshow(MyImage), title('MyImage')
subplot(1,2,2), imshow(YourImage), title('YourImage')

Q% & cE d + ) 7
imshow (f,G)
/% & 3< \ 6 $ # ; /% & " -! p ^& DG V f !
imshow(f,[low high]) Q % 6 &
high " - #9 2< # ; ! .c -E & low " - *! 2< ; ! .c -E
/ 3 &A (
6 X # f I* -! high # ; f I* ( low # ; imshow(f,[ ]) Q% 6 &
/% & G&( # + A (-. *! E ( 7 "# !" " /
f = imread('c:\matlab7\work\gradiant.bmp'); Q S
(Current 5D6"# ! c:\matlab7\work\ ! 4 % 9 M#N # r 6# & 3
/% - - 3 " ƒ -7 Directory)
f= imread(‘gradiant.bmp');
imshow (f,[ ])
size(f)
ans =
512 512

& 3 # $ *
% 6 3 AFile " ( # Export
! l P?

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 www.newbook.ir

! I .!

Q l P? % 6 B 3 (0 % 6 V B
imwrite (f, ‘filename’)
TIFF, JPEG, BMP, PNG, PGM, Q + " " .% 6
Q S
imwrite (f, ‘D:\gradiant2.tif’)

imwrite (f, ‘D:\gradiant2’, ‘tif’)

Q-,. - ( ) ! H I .!

# # A 7 N # + $ * % DW AI (! & # & T # + + "

I . # + 9 &I ( # O P & # # T + O P
Q S/ . $ * # + $ (4
text(130,240,'Write by Robotic Group in 86/7/10 ',...
'FontSize',7,'HorizontalAlignment','right')

Q . ##!+ # & ! 3 3 (0 B 3 # . + (4 I.
title('Please click & enter for get a point !');

! ) $ J K,

Imcrop d
' ') B dW # ! ƒ P c ^ - >c E =M#N # *-W 3 d +
'! + ' ') c E' ! TU # P " 7 3 ! AI (! P
/ ! # " # ". # # # P " 7 M P
')(. >B ' 5! % '& # ' B 5! ~ 4 3 9*.= shift 5! 3 # 6 %& # 3 imcrop ! )(.
/ c 1d c ^- X # c ^- ƒ P
I= imread('ic.tif');
I1=imcrop(I);
I2=imcrop(I,[60 40 100 90]);
I2=imcrop(I,rect) % rect= P " 7 M P [x min, y min , width , heath] %

! L 8 $CK 5D
Improfile

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 www.newbook.ir

M#N # - " . c -E ; > (! ƒ P U !" - = P - : # dW # d +

'(D AI ' ) inter pollution 3 ' !% & + # T ! *2 E B . 3 # B
' q S' A '. 3 ' # ' # # H '; A P - # 3 *. I. d + " # # B
-' I # )? B #!+ " dW # A . 3 P - + # # ^; AI . improfile(10)
/ (! &

! B &J

'0 % '& Double % W + /% & Double Matlab # \ 6 $ " 0"

" ! # '! " " '.G ?W c A " .G ?W 1 " Matlab / c 9 # *50 *
/% & s % q03 ] 7N

' # '2< G '?W '! + ' '(. $ * # ( A imagesc image d Q E

/ ((! c 1 Double

[0 65535] ". " " ;" [0 255] A ". " " ;"
/
9' '. ' # W )# w # 1DT # ; + ? # # # ; Aimage d A "#i V "
/ '(! & 1& ( " ^; #! #: ! X # # ;+ < 3 (0 # uvv # ;
+ '( A% '& [1 length(Cmap)] A "#i V " Double " . ? *D " ! <
" ' ' # ; VE0 Double ". Double s". c 1"
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'; " # ')5*0 " 'T " + (‚ m D " . #< " # A # " . )5*0 A+ q0
Q S / (! c 1 Double G ?W # 2< % - % q 0 3 ] 7N
Xdouble = double (Xuint8)+1 ;
Xuint8 = uint (Xdouble -1);
/VE0 c 1 Double Xuint8 b # " A S+ # S"

M EC

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#' # # ( ZC 7 $ *" ! # "#9 Amovie getframe d Matlab #

/ (. # W*
" ` '?1 M # 'N ' # 2< A .I 6 % & D movie d "# T c E VE0 B AGetframe
d ' " ' # M 0q : * c !% & * & Agetframe d T / . 3 I. & %
Q (! T S / movie

[x, y, z] = peaks(50); " D & (7( B 3 !o 0

surf (x, y, z)
Axis ([-3 3 -3 3 -10 10])
Axis vis3d off
Shading interp
colormap(copper)
for i = 1:15
view (-37.5+15*(i-1) , 30)
m(i) = getframe;
end
Cla % clear axis for movie
movie(m)

" ' ' b 3 ' # " D & " .c E 3 # ! (! … @" #G & (G Axis vis3d
/ & - M P " .# 7

/ (! (! # . † - ] ^& w # & Shading

‡ ^ # " d + /% & view (AZ,EL) view ([AZ,EL]) M # N 3< 5! c E view

# EL ;6 % 2T # $ 4 AZ / . # W ( ((! . B ! a<
/ % 0 & " . ;0 % 2T # $ 4o0 ( ;
AZ = -37.5 , EL = 30 \ 6$ % ?@
/ $ *Z Y* ;- o 0 AZ = 0 , EL = 90 ;

c E = "# T % ?@ >"# 6= " X7? B d + dW # / # I56 I 6 B Q getframe d

/ & ;5@ B # d + Z *D !
Y >"# T

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 www.newbook.ir

I56movie (m,n) /% & .I 6 #< B m / . # W m " #< # # I56 B movie(m) d Q movie d

n (D ‚ $ * G ;0 ) # 5T # B I56 (n / (! T # n #
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/ (-. T " .I 6 - ?c N (0 " ; % & # E M D6 D (0 + ? # B n
Q S 3 (0
n = [10 4 4 2 1]
u I '6 D A $ * ˆI 6# / T ˆI 6 Vn& / . 3 ## E D zt 0
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m=
1×15 struct array with fields:
cdata
colormap

size (m(1).cdata)
ans =
412 369 3
! # J

' # C '7 " .I 6 "#i V Aframe2im im2frame d &

Q S / !c 1 ) E
[X , cmap] = frame2im (m(n))
c '1 Acmap w '# '1DT x "#i V m C 7 V I 6+ n S+ #
/
m(n) = im2frame (x , cmap)
m C '7 ' V ' I 6+ n # cmap #9 1DT x "#i V 9 r 6 S#
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‚ ' (! '& C 7 % j " &B c 1" 3 im2frame ! T
/ (! c 1C 7 # . axis . figure " & B getframe d ! # 3 *. 1

! / B $%

' # Z ~ 4 % *& E( (D A & & & B " # "#i G -4 " d

d + V . # W/// ;G # B # ; !# &".T (! %!@+

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 www.newbook.ir

' '0 ' # & + & S 3 (0 / . # W T G -4 B # VE0 &". E !.

Q (!
l= bwlabel(bw);

A ' ' # 'W a! & B # M 0q : + ! . .G -4 B . # # 0q : # &

# W b # # . 56 *. All I# Z ## & + " . 56 ! ! (! O P #
I' # < % & # 24 7 B G -4 . " ! GT V! w ( 56 & A .
'(D /% '& bwlabel d ' 'T 3 *. ! % & - B d + # ! I (! % W # : + *.
d ' +' 'T " '. '56 * # /I ! "#i G -4 # d + & "
Q 6D
Stats = imfeature(l,'BoundingBox');

Area /% & b + # c 1? . % @ -
Centroid /% & # # G -4 "9! ^; > y x = M P b +
BoundingBox / O P G -4 ." # 24 b + #
MajorAxisLength /% & b + # #7 + #9 :
MinorAxisLength /%& b + # # 7 + E4 ! :
Eccentricity "9! I. `9! f
Orientation % DW O P % 2T &
ConvexHull >ƒ 7 = ) -T
ConvexImage >ƒ 7 = ) -T
ConvexArea % @ - >ƒ 7 = ) -T
Image /I # V + # # G -4 B
FilledImage >V = G -4
FilledArea > 0=G -4 1@ -
EulerNumber > 0B =
Extrema >" D #< B =
EquivDiameter >"# 0 0 B =" ^W "

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Solidity >B E4 ! "# 0 0 B =` P& A &

Extent >B E4 ! "# 0 0 B =`# ; A T # A ( A -
PixelList /% & V + # . c -E -?

a= stats(2).BoundingBox
b= stats(3).BoundingBox
d= stats(6).BoundingBox
e= stats(10).BoundingBox
:

Q I (! &# # # " & (2 o 71 #

B H # M $ 96 '
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" # ' # + # ! 5N c *0 / M#N % ! 12 ( 5Z B # M $ 96

# '; ' A d*T j# ; c -E . >" -! ] ^&=# M ] ^& ! % & +
'! % '& '(D + ' ' Š9 * L ;# ‰ c *0 + / B 9 + #" @ (! "
Z 3 -E 3 9 " . c -E c ! # M c! # I. $ 96 j# ; # c -E .# M
/% & 3 + # 3< " ! ‚ (! L ;# #
Q S/ M # N histeq() d B *! + Matlab #
I= imread('food.tif');

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imshow(I) ! . # 5! # M $ 96 3 #M # & &

I2= histeq(I);
Figure # M H # * Aimhist (i)d & 3 + (a*.
imshow(I2) / ! . # + B .

Q " # 1& 7 # 24 M 5*0

>Adding Images= d*T `z

>Subtracting Images= ‡ `u
>Multiplying Images= ƒ `{
>Dividing Images= I -; `ˆ

D EC N !

T % 0 & o 0 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////ippl (1
d*T ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////imadd(2
‡ /////////////////////////////////////////////////imsubtract(3
I -; ///////////////////////////////////////////////////imdivide(4
ƒ ///////////////////////////////////////////////immultiply(5
c ‡ 5^ # W////////////////////////////////////////////imabsdiff(6
I* ////////////////////////////////////////imcomplement(7
^ G ! ///////////////////////////////////////////////imlincomb(8
IPPL Intel Performance Primitives Library

ipplK ! 5 24 O 5 24
TF= ippl
[TF B]= ippl
Q]
/% & intel" .# -& U & # , ;6 % & intel % ! ‹ P ippl (1
/% & ?A # #! () & # ! & & d 0* B " ippl (2
T " %0& 1& 7 d o0 %& #9 1DT d ippl (3

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/% & >false= TF Π% & >True= TFΠD6 ippl (4

B# -& # # 0q : QTF
/% & # B 3< ^& . ! ? 5& #< Q B
(imadd) c S 1& 7 d %& D6 W !% & M # N + ippl E5*0 (5
3 .# ! & " (! d*T I. # #< N (0 B B E( " T I (! &
/ d + " T # % 0 & $ 96 o 0 M # N + (! d*T I. # #< N (0 .

imsubtract immultiply imlincomp imadd= ( 1& 7 d A% & U & # ippl W (6

/ ((! & Ippl% 9 imfilter d (imcomplement imdivide

ippl 3 ! D6 g
(! m D # LPT_IPPL_OFF B system environment variables % *-W# ippl 3 ! D6 g "
/ . # W NO # 3< "
c (A ( (! B 5! prorerties " # ! B 5! % & # my computer ( " ##!+ "
/ (! # new % *-W" # system variable $ P # !ƒ P # advanced

ImaddN
/ (! d*T % j 0 B # B (! d*T I. # d +
Z= imadd(x,y)
Z= imadd(x,y,’w’)

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 www.newbook.ir

Q]
/ (! lZ # # ! d*T y #< # x #< # & +
ZM # (+ # ! logical x E( ) /% & x U q! 1 z class
/% & Double
/ * f# #< # ; 7 y X d*T c N @ / ( I. I. x y
/ * f# 7 T # N (0 ( Uint8 y x qS
<% & 0A < % & "# 0 M # N T # N (0 + (a*.
/% & D6 ippl A single uint8 logical " 2&q ! E U q ! I. " #< y x
A ( Single uint8 uint16 " . U q ! E U q ! I. z x double ?E& 0B y
/% & D6 ippl

Imaddd # " # &3 #<

Z= imadd(x,y,’w’)
Q " . Class E w
Double,int8,int16,int32,uint8,uint16,uint32
/ (! O P # T U q!d + &3 #< !
Q S
x= uint8([255 0 75;44 225 100]);
y= uint8([50 50 50 ;50 50 50]);
z= imadd(x,y)
z=
255 50 125
94 255 150
y ?E& 0B x #< d*T
Z = imadd(x,y)
#<:Z A ?E& 0B :y A #< :x

% j 0B B 3 ! d*T Q S
I = imread('rice.png');
J = imadd(I,50);
subplot(1,2,1), imshow(I)
subplot(1,2,2), imshow(J)

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QY x d*T
Z= imadd(x,y)
#<:Z A #< :y A #< :x

d*T Q S
I = imread(Image1);3
J = imread(Image2);
K = imadd(I,J,'uint16');
imshow(K,[])

J I

K:

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Imsubtract N

/ (! I! B # 0B (! ‡ ) B # B
Z= imsubtract(x,y)
Q]
Z= imsubtract(x,y)
I. y x / 9# Z #< # # (! I! y #< #x #<
/ * f# U q! # ; 7 Z ( U q ! I.

/% & D6 ippl Single uint8A uint16U q ! x #<

Q S
X = uint8([ 255 10 75; 44 225 100]);
Y = uint8([ 50 50 50; 50 50 50 ]);
Z = imsubtract(X,Y)
Z=

205 0 25
0 175 50

B 0B ‡
Z=imsubtract(X,Y);
> #<= :Z A ?E& 0B :y A > #<= :x

Q S
I = imread('rice.png');
Iq = imsubtract(I,50);
figure, imshow(I), figure, imshow(Iq)

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B 4 !c ? M#N + # ! I! X # " .c -E * " 0 # ; B % ?@ + #

/ $ .! 2 # M A .c -E #3

< ! P Q
> #<= :Z A > #<= :y A > #<= :x

Q S
I = imread('rice.png');
background = imopen(I,strel('disk',15));
Ip = imsubtract(I,background);
imshow(Ip,[])

Q 1& 7 h(x,y) f(x,y) K ( " .c -E f B .+ c ‡ M 5*0 #

g(x,y)= f(x,y) - h(x,y)

/ *‡ A . K+ #Y
q ! (- ! .% *-W
/ > E 9 "# S71 AL ;# " 5•- # = ƒ ; % ?@ " " 5•- A ? D + " . # !

Imdivide N
% 2T YZ *D % ?@ + ! / (! I -; 0B # # B (! I -; I. # d +
/ & B ( #M $ .!
Z= imdivide(x,y)
Q]
/ (! l Z #< # # I (! I -; y #< # K( (0 #x #< (0 . # & +

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Z= x./y
Z# D "# 0 0A "# 0 0 B I -; c N @ / ( I. y x
/ * f# # ; 7 9 I -; c N @ ‚ P#

A 3 -E y xU q ! 9 & (-. single uint8A uint16U q ! . #y x ! 2( ippl

/% & D6
Q S
x = uint8([255 10 75;44 255 100])
y = uint8([50 20 50;50 50 50 ])
z= imdivide(x,y)
z=
5 1 2
1 5 2
0B # I -; "
Z= imdivide(x,y)
:Z A ?E& 0B :y A :x

Q S
I = imread(‘rice.png’);
J = imdivide(I,2);
subplot(1,2,1), imshow(I)
subplot(1,2,2), imshow(J)

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; ! ! H < $R
Z= imdivide(x,y)
:Z A :y A :x
Q S
I = imread(‘rice.png’);
background = imopen(I,strel(‘disk’,15));
Ip = imdivide(I,background);
figure, imshow(Ip,[])

Immultiply N

M ' $ 96 % 2T # ! + Z *D / (!
Y ƒ B # # 0B (! ƒ I. # #
'* # A 'X ' 'X ƒ # ! % & 3< ( #M $ 96 % 50 & B ( #
" Z' # '2 ' " '.c -'E # ƒ ) E # . # * I. " .c -E
/% (.

Z= immultiply(x,y)
Q]
/ 9# Z #< # # (! ƒ y #< # 3< K ( (0 #x #< (0 . A# & +

Z= x.× y

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Q ! + 9T /% & xU q ! 1 ZU q ! / ( -E U q ! 9 & x y

/% & y U q ! 1 Z A numeric y logical x

/% & x U q ! 1 Z A logical y numeric x
/ * f# U q! # ; 7 Z
/% & D6ippl single logicalA uint8 3 -E U q ! z y x
Q S
X=uint8([1 2 3 ;333 23 33])
Y= uint8([22 33 44;55 55 66])
Z= immultiply(X,Y)
Z=
22 66 132
255 255 255
# 0B ƒ

> #<= :Z A ?E& 0B :y A > #<= :x

Q S
I = imread('moon.tif');
J = immultiply(I,0.5);
subplot(1,2,1), imshow(I)
subplot(1,2,2), imshow(J)

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 www.newbook.ir

< ! S T

:Z A :y A :x
Q S
I = imread('moon.tif');
I16 = uint16(I);
J = immultiply(I16,I16);
imshow(I), figure, imshow(J)

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Imabsdiff N

! G T Q P 7C ,J
Z= imabsdiff(x,y)
Q]
Z=abs(x-y) %& M#N + d + T
# W U q! # ; 7 f# A T N (0 # ; / ( -E U q ! Z y x
/ *
/% & D6 ippl single uint8A logical" 2&q ! E 3 -E U q ! Z y x
Q S
X = uint8([ 255 10 75; 44 225 100]);
Y = uint8([ 50 50 50; 50 50 50 ]);
Z = imabsdiff(X,Y)
Z=
205 40 25
6 175 50
c ‡ 5^ # W

:Z A :y A :x
Q S
I = imread('cameraman.tif');
J = uint8(filter2(fspecial('gaussian'), I));

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 www.newbook.ir

K = imabsdiff(I,J);
imshow(K,[]) % [] = scale data automatically

imcomplement N
! <) C
IM2= imcomplement(IM);
Q]
RGB grayscale A binaryQ d " #
/# " # 1 &q ! 9 & T Qd T
/ c 1 N B B N " ( " I* #
/ c 1 + # + # d + 5&
IM2= ~IM : " ( " #
IM2= 1-IM Q grayscale " #
IM2= 255-IM Q RGB " #
Q S
X= uint([255 10 75;44 225 100]);
X2= imcomplement(X);
X2=
0 245 180

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 www.newbook.ir

211 30 155
Q S
bw = imread('text.png );
bw2 = imcomplement(bw);
subplot(1,2,1),imshow(bw)
subplot(1,2,2),imshow(bw2)

Qd + #! ?S

/ . 3 # 3< c *E 9 % & # % *& c E %& B ~ 4 % *& c E

imlincomb N

! 78 B
Z= imlincomb(K1,A1,K2,A2,……..Kn,An)
Z= imlincomb(K1,A1,K2,A2,……..Kn,An,K)
Z= imlincomb(………output_class)
Q]
Q (! 1& 7 # # ; Z= imlincomb(K1,A1,K2,A2,……..Kn,An)

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 www.newbook.ir

K1*A1+K2*A2+……..+Kn*An

/ # A1 1 "9 & U q ! Z
Q (! 1& 7 # # ; 9 Z=imlincomb(K1,A1,K2,A2,……..Kn,An,K)
K1*A1+K2*A2+……..+Kn*An+K
Q% & D6 ippl # W ". # E
Z=imlincomb(1.0,A1,1.0,A2)
Z=imlincomb(1.0,A1,-1.0,A2)
Z=imlincomb(-1.0,A1,1.0,A2)
Z=imlincomb(1.0,A1,K)
Q (-. " . U q! E # -E U q ! A1,A2,K W
Single ,int 16,uint8
Q S
I = imread('cameraman.tif );
J = imlincomb(2,I );
Imshow(I), figure, imshow(J)
/ (! lj # (! ƒ 0# #I

3 ! d*T 0 # c c N @Q S
I = imread('cameraman.tif );
J = uint8(filter2(fspecial('gaussian'), I));
K = imlincomb(1,I,-1,J,128); % K(r,c) = I(r,c) - J(r,c) + 128
subplot(1,2,1), imshow(I)
subplot(1,2,2), imshow(J)
figure,imshow(K)

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 www.newbook.ir

T U q! 3 ! O P d*T Q S
I = imread('rice.png');
J = imread('cameraman.tif');
K = imlincomb(1,I,1,J,'uint16');
subplot(1,2,1),imshow(I),subplot(1,2,2)
imshow(J),figure, imshow(K,[])

Q S
X = uint8([ 255 10 75; 44 225 100]);
Y = uint8([ 50 20 50; 50 50 50]);
Z = imdivide(imadd(X,Y),2)
Z=
128 15 63
47 128 75

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D #9 #< d*T c N @ imadd d S+ #

/ imdivide d
#9 <# . double % W # # I -; d*T imlincomb d A S # ! ?@ #
/ (! # 3<
Z2 = imlincomb(.5,X,.5,Y) %Z2=0.5X+0.5Y
Z2=
153 15 63
47 138 75
U !$ !)

O P " # # ( # ] ^& . > 6= . c -E D 3< #

% '& (! ( - . 9! # 9! * . c -E % ?@ + # A 6 1-4 # * -.# *
/% & I! % ! >B E = x& ( I. ƒ H ; x( # ] ^& dW # %& +
6 M#N H ;B E # VP " 7 # dW # -- "# * @
/I # ƒ ;! Z % & (! "
Q # T grayscale & &". % & (! $ 96 " d
imadjust `z
> match + D \ 6$ -.B T = histeq u
/ . $ * #" - -. !

/ c W% 7 % & (! 3 Z # noise " 5T " Q E

5N w # * 4 & E( 3 # $ # 3 ! "# E & A )#" . % & (! $ 96 "
makecform convert to l*a*b /I. ##!+ A +
a ( , , 1)= histez(L)*100 (! #! Z$ # " #

! 8 V S

Bwselect d

# P 7 2( I P & & I A%& 3< I& ! # ^ *.

3 ' A % & dW 3< # >H ;= ^; + !" 7 X # ^; ƒ P !M # N + / . 3
!ƒ P #H ; 3 U N # 3< 3 I. ! A .
bw2 bwselect BW1,N

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 www.newbook.ir

/ #ƒ P A # #y H ; " ) x H ; E ! r,c # 3 3 I.
bw1= bwselect(bw1,c,r,n)
>% & H ; )& " ?| = n !

! *! F

"#i V = indexed B 6 " # # 3 (0 # rgb B !% & D rgb2ind

'& " # ! map B > " . y, x c =" D #< B c indexed dW # ! (! c 1>
Q% & 3 &
9 Ww # M Q 3 &
91& w # M Q 3 &
<w # M Q &3 &
[x , map]= rgb2ind (rgb, n)
! map m #N n A " D & #< map " D #< @x

map * (4
black: [0 0 0]
pure red: [1 0 0]
white: [1 1 1]
Gray : [0.5 0.5 0.5]

c '1 rgb B #> #< G = indexed B # + !% & 51W d VE0 ind2rgb

/% & double U q ! m×n×3 #< B rgb ! / (!
double unite16 Aunite8 U q ! x A>x,map= #

# ^ '*. '! (! c 1 >hsv= w # M M B # rgb B !% & D rgb2hsv

/w # ( # Aw # M Aw # (! l# P & c -E ." !l Y
q 1W !
%& + + # %6# D # ! + ? A% & RGB Y
Z *D . + # T E( T
d %& 6! & # - Matlab #96 # # ! + /I (! c 1 HSV # RGB I - & !
A= rgb2hsv(k)
/ HSV % 6 51W 3 *. A RGB % 6 K Z M # 10 # /I (! &
'! ' ) *. /I . x# ( + # " # ! ?S I (! &# " # ! # d + % *. I . P
' -T O P >% - ?1 6 " . M # # S#: =B ## # I2 c x- E I

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 www.newbook.ir

c'? ' ' A ' ' , 7 M # ! . VE0 + ! ‚% & 2< w # &

5'N 6 3 B # ! . VE0 % & + E* A, 7 ( # # b S#: A3 6 ^7 M b
# ' 3 9' 'b S" / ( M ) E A 6 L B ) E I! # - ".
3< O P A% & RGB 6 ! . VE0 % 63 4 + # -T w # , 7
/I (! & >RGB2HSV= AHSV RGB c 1 d cE + 3 !_ : " # I-T

K !) ;

# N # ; " .c -E # & Y
qS / & " ( 3 ! )#" ! # T 5*0
/ (! c 1 <w # # " .c -E 9 Ww #
I= imread (apples.jpg');
BW = rgb2gray(I)
imshow(BW, [1 0 0 ,0 0 1]) 9 Ww # N # ; " .c -E 100
<w # # ; " .c -E 001

/ !m D 3< " w # uvv 3 intensity " Q E

@ -! & V W /V

roifill N
M#N x @ _ i@ % 2T 3< ! %& I50 # I2 #! d 5*T
/ # # ! gray scale " ! & P?

Q & #
U B *! & M#N `z
G&(3 & ^& ; ,& P? 7 ƒ P `u

B I&# , & P? 7 ƒ P d + " T 5N 6 V ## •

' ƒ 'P % *-'W ! 2 !+ D # X # 7 U B *! D5 (4
/ . A _ i@ @ 3<
I= imread(‘aass.tif’);
roifill(I);
Q !i
/ " % 6 *@ *0 3< " # d + !" `z

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delete 7 ƒ P " 1G & ( P 7 # & M # N # `u

/ & Back space )

3 '& m ' # # * Vn& ! 6# X # !% & M # N + #+ •

3 '*. # ' H ; ! / # M#N 7 5N !" 7 ".
/ P D5 (4 U x# H ;
Row=[a,b,c,d,…]
Coloumn=[t,y,u,I,…]
J= roifill(I,Coloumn,Row);
ƒ P # X # @ . P D5 (4 " . 3 # # B dW # d +
/ (! 7 !

Q%& M# N + d + ) 7
J= roifill(I,BW);
/ B & 3 (0 !% & I 9 & 3 *. " ( B BW A# & + #
' '7 = fill ( BW # " . c -E K( !I @ !M # N +
/>
/ . c ;- # : @ ." # # B roifill T @ + (4

[J,BW]= roifill(…)
/ 7 ! .c -E " #B & " ( # & +
# # '; H '; ') " ' " '0 # ; A (-. # @ # ! . c -E " BW dW #
/ (! + 9) T
Q%& M#N d + " ) 7
J= roifill(x,y,I,xi,yi)
(! & 3 7 " T E I-&B " y x 0 # & + #
I! 0 + # (! + D # + D D5 (4 U x# ! yi xi # " 7 !M # N +
/ . # # TM P # (!

Q roipoly N
/# & " # # 3 *. I. d + !/ roipoly d ( + # " ) d

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'7 roifill d # ! % & + # d + 3 M 2( roifill d 1 " @ 3< # ! 7

d ' ' ' ' 5'N " . % *-W & # " b E( 3 7 ƒ P
M # 'N # 7 ; i # (! > & w #= M # N # ƒ P 7 dW # roipoly
/ . $ * > & w #=
/ roifill d &` & B & 3 *. d + dW #

Q ! -! & V K

@ @ !% & Z M 5*0 % W $ 96 " # 2 % 2T # #

@ 3 bwfill d B *! ! 5N 7 ] ^& I. ! # # T ".
! # binary % 6 background
bw2= bwfill (bw1,c,r,n)
c *0 ( " - : .# c r ! #N # (r,c) c -E bwfill d E5*0
/ r(k) c(k) % DW %6 . " M#N 3 !
& 0 ! / connectivity ((! + D ! M#N n " 0# ;
# & 0 ! #N # # T foreground # # 24
/# T foreground
bw2=bwfill(bw1,n)
/ + D mouse B *! P? ^; ! . T . 3 $ * 7 N # # A# & +

[bw2,idx]=bwfill(…)

/ #d + ,& " . c -E * ^ M P # & +

Bw2=bwfill(bw1,’holes’,n)
# @ " . c -E " 0 # )< ( . @ 9T . c -E ! ! (! + D dW # bwfill d
/ . bB N
/%& n# ; \ 6$
/ . ;^( % 6 T ;^( " 0% 6 *@ " #

! X!

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B * c 56 " (D 9 + ! I (! &# # ’salt&pepper’ ‘speckle’ 9 (#

/ I.
YH ) G Q 4 ) salt&pepper X !
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(! 6 # >c 56 B * 9 = A> + #=B N " .c -E # & +
> DŽ . c -E c ! D = " # 1 ; dW # ! D # ; 6 I! #B N " . c -E +
\ 6$ #: 9 9 D + # ; 4 . ! ‚ #i j c -E
/ 0/05 3< # ;

Y 5 8Z speckle X !

j= imnoise(I,’speckle’,V) j=I+n*I : (! & ?D B 9 +

#: V # # ; ! VV # N +) d % (E # : ! 6 0B n !
/ 0/04 \ 6$

QX ! W /V

/ * _ i@ # B 6 9 3 medfilt2 d ,&
B=medfilt2( a ,[m n] )
" # # : c -E _ : ) -*. B [m n] / # 9 3 *. a !
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/ 3-by-3 ) -*. +
H ;" # ; ,& + (a*. . 1?" # N + i #" # (! "#i Zd + !
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D& 3. [

/% & I. E 1?" &# E <

/ '(! ' ' b " '( ' ( #M 2< # ! % & B : ; "#i 3 1?" &# E < _ .
& ( / (-. , 7 M N # M b I2 " . # (* Y
Z *D M N # (M b
/% & e f P& # ;;7 7 B 1?

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D&

A (7'N '& (. Y'0 A '((! ' b ' ^; b ( (D ` ( - % & + E* . 1?

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'2 Z' D # / ( ] ^& c E ."#i 3 3 a*. -T " . e ) *Y
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B ' 'E < '@ ‚ w # &$ P B w #9 W $ P B 3 > * " = % & + E* 0 1?B
'T '1?B , " & .# / % (E ( B # w *. " .c -E *! D ,
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A '1?" &# E < " . # # " X /% & " -! ] ^& M Y1- ‹ @ + 1?

B ' M # 'N ' >+ ' # B # #i = 1? ! T d^; + # /% & 57 ‡ )5*0 B 1& 7
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3< '1;0 1?# A% & % 1S A#i 5T 1?# " -! ] ^& d^; ‡ / M *! A"# *
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A% '& ' ( A% & 1?+ # _ : # ! #i ) % *-W " A% & % 1S A% & 1? _ : # ! #i
c -'E < !+ + D " 3 ‡ #9 A+ ( /% & N A% j" -! ] ^& @ #
# 10 / # N # 10 B " -! ] ^& #i . ^& ^; # ‡ / ! & A # # W 1?" # #
' '^; '. # ‡ " / # < I. 6 " . 1?c 7 + D " " W .# . N
M ' # ' b 3 (0 # 1?B / < %& + &q Z & 9 ‡ /% & 3 #9
; ' 5! # : 1?" &# E < " .I # )? AI ) X # c -E (4 :# ! ( #
+ ' # /I ' ' D B # 1?" &# E < A" & & " / ((! 1& 7 # ( #M b+
I ( # 24 " .c -E + *" / .c -E ( #M , B B ". A *
/ ! # E < # " 1?3 ( # " D `z " . #

5 P \ C D EC

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M ' 3' ' (D A ((! #! ( #M ‡ 1?" &# E < " . )5*0 " D
-T ( #3 " . 5W" #" I M 0q : + /I # # ! & 5N " . ( #
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c -E # > ( #M 3 = ‡ (* > = A c -E ( #M (* > =
QI # + (A

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U P \ C D EC

• ' d'W # '! '((! ' # ! ( #M ‡ U & 1?" &# E < " .I # )? )
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D& 3. [ ; )?

B - n& A (! Ac & A% A9 # " n54 Q% -P 1

• # 5.`# A &q Z Q 1

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' ' ' ( 3 (! " " . )5*0 / # # #!+ • # 5.`# 3< V (! )5*0 A3 (!
# (. & ; (4 " . # #!/ 5! , # (! )5*0 " X@q c W " B a.
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1& 7 -- , 7 # (! O P # 3< M 2 M b ‡ & ; , 7 #
/ & 3 * #‡ 1; # " . c -E % 1- M b

! A binary T # intensity % 6 B " # "# 1?M 5*0#

/ 3 M#N c ". M#N ". cN @ #
I=rgb2gray(i1);
Bw=edge(I,’sobel’)
" # 3 (0 # intensity " ( B d + (! intensity # # . 1?Edge
# # . 1?d ! .T ! ? 3 *. bw " ( B
/ . # W # ) ".T (! T # (!

Q D& < !;& 8

sobel I # )? `z
canny I # )? `u
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Q sobel < !;&

3 ! : ; 3< # # . 1? ! A (! ‡ 3 + *P & # . 1? +
/ % & max I
Bw= edge(I,’sobel’,thresh)
(! O P + " # &< 3 9 B thresh# ; !

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thresh + # ; (! I 4 (- thresh > = W ! . 1? *. (edge) d +

/ (! ƒ P # "# ; B #: edge d {[ ]} ? thresh I (E O P #

Bw=edge(I,’sobel’,thresh,direction)
" . 1?d + ! (! O P !% & " # (D A (! O P # % 2T direction syntax + #
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‘horizontal’ Q ;6
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Bw=edge(I,’sobel’,…,options)
# I # )? M 5*0 % 0 & ‘nothinning’ # ! " # 3 (0 "# #B d # & + #
‘thinning’ # > = #i 6 " . 1? . 1?3 C 5@ # ! % 50 + Z
/ (! %& # 9 # C " . 1?I # )? AI (! ƒ P #

[Bw,thresh]=edge(I,’sobel’,…)
/ #> &<= threshold # ; # & +
[Bw,thresh,gv,gh]=edge(….)
/ 3 " . )5*0 T # (gv,gh) " *0 ;6 " . 1? # & + #

/ (-. + *. I. 9 prewitt Roberts

: canny < !;&

U 56‡ " # 3 ! I3 > D = 57 " . max " -T # . 1? +

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Bw= edge(I,’canny’,thresh)

#Z &< 3< % (*? + &< 3< % (*? ! (! O P # (thresh) &< # B +

/ (! O P

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(0.4×thresh) 0 (high threshold) Z &< 3 (0 0+ I (! ƒ P (thresh) 3 (0 # 0B

#: edge d I (E ƒ P thresh " #" 0€ . 6 X # + &< 3 (0
/ (! ƒ P # % (*? .B

[Bw,thresh]=edge(I,’canny’,…)
/ (! O P #+ Z &< 3 9 ! # (*? # B Z # &

N , % 4 2C

'T '! '& d 3 $ * T # !" ^; . + 6 "

Q # 69 # Enter 5! 3< # " O P U B 5! , & X # ^; !
[X,Y] = getpts(GCF);

B d + !A & d + c -E B H )# ;+ D" Z *D Q impixel

Y
+ ! % & c -E 3< # < 91& A9 W" .w # ; 3< T " # 3 (0
Q% & M# N d + & E E / ƒ P # ! , & 9 c -E
Z = imread ('Imag');
P= impixel (Z);

# 'd '+ / 6 X # Y* @ d + & c 1W ! % T

+ ' '/ . # X # " ^; ƒ P " U & 3E * . 3 $ * 7N " #
G AR H )# ; AEnter 5! 3 !ƒ P # :;U B *! !M # N
c -'E '. ') # #3 *D + , & dW # / . %6# T # ^; 3< " .c -E B
'51W 'P % *-'W ' ' ' A Delete Backspace 5! & ! / # <% & #
/
w '# ' H ' B G AR ;A T 3< " # d + & &M# N 5N
/ . $ * # uvv " 0 # ; & w #" N " 0# ; & . A &

A I' '! ƒ 'P # H ; 3< U ! P >H ;=" . c -E " # # 0q : d + Q pixval

%& " # # ^; + ƒ P 3 9 # ^; + 5N 6 @ . x#
/ . x# H ; w # dT # 0q : + (a*. d + / # <

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'7 # ‹ " ^; ƒ P o0 ! # #! & & " d + Q imfill

% & ^; 3< " @ ! P " 7 w # ^; 3< w # A ^; 3< " # B 5! O P >segment=
3< w #A '& " ' B ' 3 # &H ;" # 3 ! B 5! d + & S 3 (0 / <#
/ < # > &= w # H ;

BW1 = imread('rc.tif');
BW2 = imfill (BW1);

<JX C ! U - ;\ H - ] ! -,. :

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