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Conditions Loops

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11 views20 pages

Conditions Loops

Uploaded by

hanyeelovesgod
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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035.

001 Spring, 2024

Digital Computer Concept and Practice


Conditional Statements and Loops

Soohyun Yang

College of Engineering
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
IF statements – Introduction & Forms
 Aim : To examine the current state of a program and respond appropriately
to that state.
 Four basic forms
1) A simple IF statement => One test gives one action.
>> Syntax : if conditional_test 1 : Do not forget ‘colon (:)’ and
v #action 1 ‘indentation (use the Tab key)’.

2) Series of independent IF statements => All conditions of interest should be run.


>> Syntax : if conditional_test 1 :
#action 1
if conditional_test 2 :
#action 2
IF statements - Example
IF statements – Forms (con’t)
3) IF-ELSE statement => One of two possible actions always needs to be executed.
>> Syntax : S

if conditional_test 1 : Condition 1 Action 1


#action 1
else :
else Action 2
#action 2
#action 3 Action 3

In-class exercise :
What will be printed when you define the variable
coffee_order as ‘No’?
IF statements – Forms (con’t)
4) IF-ELIF-ELSE statement => More than two possible conditions should be tested.
>> Syntax : S

if conditional_test 1 : Condition 1 Action 1


#action 1
elif conditional_test 2 : Condition 2 Action 2
#action 2
else :
#action 3 else Action 3
#action 4 Action 4
In-class exercise :
1. How many hours do you sleep in a day?
=> Define it as sleep_hr variable
2. How many cups of coffee do you drink in a day?
=> Define it as coffee_num variable
3. What will be printed with the if statement?
IF statements – Role of a list as conditions
 Conditional statements can be defined with a list.
• empty list == False boolean variable, denoted as 0 S
In-class exercise :
Draw a flowchart for below codes.
Loop
 Loop : Iterations until a terminal condition is reached.
 Type & Condition & Usage :  Basic flowchart : S

Loop Type For While


Initialization
Terminal The end of False
Condition a given sequence boolean variable
Update Loop
Already know Do not know
General variable Terminal Condition
the number of the number of
Usage
iterations iterations

Statement 1

Statement 2
For loop - Introduction
 For loop : Iterations over any sequences such as list, tuple, dictionary.
>> Syntax :
for itr_var in sequence : • Using a temporary iteration variable (e.g., itr_var)
enhances the readability of your codes.
#action 1 • The For loop terminates,
#action 2 when we reach the last element in the sequence.

 Advantages
• Shorten your codes to iterate the same actions with every item in a sequence.
• Minimize your code revision when iterative conditions should be changed.
For loop - Example
 Example : Iteration over a list

In-class exercise :
What are the results of executing above codes?
For loop – Example (con’t)
 For loop can be iterated by the index of elements in the sequence.

>> The range() function :


Returns a sequence of numbers from 0 (inclusive)
to a specified number (exclusive),
with increment 1.
E.g. : range(len(pets)) = [0, 1, 2]
For loop – Controlling statements
 Break : Terminate a loop immediately when it is encountered.
 Continue : Jump to the next iteration within a loop.
>> Syntax : for itr_var in sequence :
#action 1
if conditional_test 1 :
#action 2
break
elif conditional_test 2 :
#action 3
continue
else :
#action 4
#action 5
For loop – Controlling statements (con’t)
 Example for Break  Example for Continue
While loop - Introduction
 While loop : Iterations as long as conditional statement is true.
>> Syntax :
while conditional_test : • Boolean expression
• Non-empty sequences of list, tuple, string etc.
#action 1
#action 2

 Infinite While loop : The loop running for infinite times.


>> How to avoid it? : Track the update of temporary iteration variables.
>> How to stop it? : Press [c] key while holding down [Ctrl] key.
While loop - Example
In-Class Exercise :
Q1. What are the results of executing code (a) and (b), respectively?
Q2. How are the results different? Why?
(a) (b)
While loop – Example (con’t)
In-Class
 loop can: be executed by a list.
WhileExercise
Q1. What is the result of executing the While loop?
Q2. Report the final status of two lists (unconfirmed_users, confirmed_users)

• Built-in function of a list


>> The title() function :
Changes the initial character
in each word to uppercase.
While loop – Controlling statements
 Break : Terminate a loop immediately when it is encountered.
 Continue : Jump to the next iteration within a loop.
>> Syntax : while conditional_test :
#action 1
#action 2
continue
#action 3
break
else : (#optional)
#action 4
#action 5
While loop – Controlling statements (con’t)
 Example for Break  Example for Continue
In-Class exercises 1 & 2 : Mixture of IF and Loop
Details will be given during the lecture !
Take-home points (THPs)
-
-
-
…

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