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Sheet 4 - Flow Rate Measurements

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31 views6 pages

Sheet 4 - Flow Rate Measurements

Uploaded by

khalf.1482002
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Misr University for Science & Technology

Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department
MECHANICAL THERMO-FLUIDS LAB ME 415

Sheet (4)

Flow-Rate Measurements
1. A Venturi-meter has a larger/smaller flow discharge coefficient than a flow nozzle and is thus
more/less expensive.
2. A typical coefficient of discharge of an orifice meter is………., while that of a flow nozzle is
typically …..….., and that of a Venturi-meter is ……… [Answer: 0.60, 0.96 and 0.98]
3. In a variable-area flow-meter, the position of the floating mass depends on a balance between
these three forces: ……....., ………….., and …………. [Answer: Drag, weight and buoyancy]
4. In a laminar flow meter, the fluid used has a viscosity half that of the viscosity of the calibrated
fluid, then the measured flow rate is (half/double/equal to) the calibrated value.
5. In a rotameter, the fluid used has a density one-quarter that of that of the calibrated fluid, then
the measured flow rate is (half/double/equal to) the calibrated value.
6. The paddle-wheel has lower/higher flow obstruction than the turbine flow meter. It has
higher/lower sensitivity than the turbine meter.
7. An example of a flow meter that is non-intrusive with no moving part is the ultra-sonic flow
meter (reflect-mode or Doppler-effect).
8. Water is pumped through a 75 mm diameter pipe with a flow velocity of 760 mm/sec. Find the
volume flow rate and mass flow rate. Density of the water is 1000 kg/m3.
Ans.: Volume flow rate Q = VA= 760E–3 × 4.418E-3 = 3.358E-3 m3/sec
Mass flow rate = ρ x Q = 3.358 kg/sec
9. Select the best measurement technique for the given process
# Measurement Situation Suggested measurement Technique(s)
1 You need to measure the flow rate using a Ultra-sonic flow meter
non-intrusive method.
2 You need to measure the flow rate of a fluid Ultra-sonic flow meter
that contain some impurities using a non-
intrusive method.
3 You want to use an obstruction flow meter Venturi-meter
with the least possible unrecoverable pressure
drop.
4 You want to measure the total water flow Positive displacement flow meter
used in a building in m3.

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10. Water flows in a pipe of 23-cm diameter with an average velocity of 0.73 m/s, the diameter of
the pipe is reduced, and the average velocity of the water increases to 1.66 m/s. What is the
diameter of the smaller pipe? What is the flow rate?

11. An orifice meter with an orifice internal diameter of 10 cm is inserted in a pipe of 20 cm internal
diameter. The pressure gauges located upstream and downstream of the orifice meter gives
readings of 19.62 N/cm2 and 9.81 N/cm2 respectively. Assume the coefficient of discharge for
the orifice meter as 0.6. Find the volume flow rate of water through the pipe in liters/s.
Solution:

12. The flow rate of water at 20°C ( = 998 kg/m3


and  =1.002E-3 kg/ms) through a 4-cm-
diameter pipe is measured with a 2-cm-diameter
nozzle meter equipped with a manometer. If the
manometer indicates differential water height of
32 cm, determine the volume flow rate of water.

2
13. Question: A Venturi meter equipped with a
differential pressure gage is used to measure the flow
rate of water at 15°C ( = 999.1 kg/m3) through a 15-
cm-diameter horizontal pipe.
The diameter of the Venturi neck is 7.5 cm.
Assume that the discharge coefficient of this
Venturi meter as 0.98, determine the volume flow
rate of water and the average velocity through the
pipe. Assume h = 0.40 m.

3
14. The flow rate of ammonia at 10°C ( = 624.6 kg/m3 and
 = 1.697E-4 kg/m·s) through a 3-cm-diameter pipe is
to be measured with a 1.5-cm-diameter flow nozzle
equipped with a differential pressure gage. If the gage
reads a pressure differential of 4 kPa, determine the
flow rate of ammonia through the pipe, and the average
flow velocity.

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15. An application uses water flowing at a flow rate of 0.2 m3/min at 20 oC through a 10-cm
diameter pipe. It is required to measure the water flow rate using an orifice flow meter with
a developed pressure differential of 250 mm Hg. Specify an appropriate size for the orifice
meter. Assume a discharge coefficient of 0.62

Solution:

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16. An orifice meter (Cd =0.6) measures the flow rate of air in a pipe was substituted by a
venturi meter (Cd =0.98) having the same throat diameter as that of the orifice. For the
same flow rate, calculate the ratio of pressure drops of venturi to that of the orifice

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