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Chapter2 - Forced Induction System

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26 views42 pages

Chapter2 - Forced Induction System

Uploaded by

haimansyakir05
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 2 : FORCED

INDUCTION SYSTEM
OBJECTIVE

After this lesson, you should be able to :

i. State the function of forced induction system


ii. Describe the construction and operation of TURBOCHARGER and
SUPERCHARGER system and component
iii. Explain the advantages and disadvantages turbocharger and
supercharger
iv. Explain blow off valve, waste gate and intercooler function and
operation
- An engine can produce more power at the same speed if more
air-fuel mixture is force into the cylinders.
- More air-fuel mixture means higher pressure during the power
strokes and higher power output.
- Forcing additional air-fuel mixture into the cylinder is called
forced induction.
- It is one way to improve volumetric efficiency.
- An engine with force induction may produce 35 to 60 percent
more power than a NA engine.
- Forced induction may be provided by a supercharger or by a
turbocharger.
- These are air pumps or blowers that force more air-fuel mixture
into the engine.
- The amount of the pressure is the boost pressure.
- When boost is not needed, the engine runs almost the same
as a NA engine.
TYPES OF COMPRESSOR

TURBOCHARGERS SUPERCHARGERS

-Centrifugal compressor driven by -Powered directly by the rotation of


the flow of exhaust gasses. the engine, through a belt drive.
TURBOCHARGER SYSTEM
TURBOCHARGER CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION

- A centrifugal air pump driven by the engine exhaust gas.


- Forces an additional amount of air or air-fuel mixture into
the engine.
- This increases combustion pressure and engine power.

- Two rotors or wheel (a compressor and a turbine) are mounted


on the end of the shaft.
-When the engine is running, the exhaust gases flow into the turbine,
spinning it up to 120,000 rpm or higher.
TURBOCHARGER CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION

- The compressor mount on the same shaft and therefore spin at the
same speed.
- It pulls fresh air in, compress it, and then forces the compressed air
into the intake manifold.
SUPERCHARGER SYSTEM
- The superchargers provides a instant response when the
accelerator pedal is depressed.
-It does not have to turn at high speed like the
turbocharger.
- New designs have reduced noise and improved fuel
economy.

Two Types Of Supercharger


➢ Roots Type
➢ Scroll / spiral type
ROOTS SUPERCHARGER

- Most common type of supercharger.


- It has two long rotors which spin inside a housing.
- Each rotor has two or three lobes that either straight or helical.
- The rotors are geared together and driven by a belt or chain
from the engine crankshaft.
- Supercharger speed is two or three times faster than engine
speed.
Roots supercharge
 As the meshing lobes spin, air trapped in the
pockets between the lobes is carried between the
fill side and the discharge side.

 Large quantities of air move into the intake


manifold and "stack up" to create positive pressure.

 For this reason, Roots superchargers are really


nothing more than air blowers, and the term
"blower" is still often used to describe all
superchargers.
Twin screw supercharge

 The twin-screw style superchargers perform


similarly with root, but twin-screws have tighter
tolerances than the roots supercharge.

 While great for high boost applications, the tighter


tolerances means more heat produced by
compressing incoming air. Needless to say,
excessive heat can hamper performance and
require increased cooling, so there's a tradeoff
SPIRAL SUPERCHARGER

- Volkswagen calls it a “G-charger”.


- In the housing, a displacer moves around inside the spirals to
compress the air. The displacer
moves eccentrically. It does
not rotate.
- Two eccentric shaft are used.
- The displacer drive shaft support
and moves the displacer.
- The other shaft prevent the
displacer from rotating.
SPIRAL SUPERCHARGER

- The displacer divides the intake air flow into an inner chamber and an
outer chamber.
- As the displacer shaft rotates, cams on the shaft move the displacer
in a circular motion.
- This opens and closes the inner and outer chambers formed by
the spirals.
- The action traps the air, compressed it, and forces it out through
discharge ports near the center of the pump.
TURBOCHARGER WASTEGATE

- The turbocharger can raise boost pressure so high that detonation


and engine damage occur.
- To limit boost pressure and prevent overboost, most turbocharger
have a wastegate. It open when boost pressure reaches a preset
maximum. Then part of the exhaust gas bypasses the turbine and
flows through the wastegate.
- This exhaust is “wasted” because it does not help spin the turbine.
TURBOCHARGER WASTEGATE

- Pneumatically or computer control.


- Pneumatic means operated by compress air.
- The actuator-diaphragm spring compresses when the boost pressure
exceeds the spring force.
- Engine with a computer controlled wastegate have a pressure sensor
in the intake manifold.
- The sensor signals the computer or ECM when the boost pressure
goes to high.
- The ECM then signals a solenoid valve that controls the wastegate
actuator. It open the wastegate.
INTERCOOLER

- Air get hot when compressed. This causes the air to expand and
become less dense.
➱ Heated air contain less oxygen to support combustion.
- To cool the air and increase its density, most turbocharged and
supercharged engine have a charge-air cooler or intercooler.
- Air enter the engine cool and can take higher compression and
without detonation.
- Transfer heat from hot air to cool air.
TERIMA KASIH

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