IS 1343: 2012

Design of End Block Abr=(250*250-2000)=60500mm^2

1. The end block of a post tensioned Prestressed A(punching)=150*150=22500mm^2
members is 550mm wide and 550mm deep, 4
Acc. Is 1343 Bearing stress shall not exceed
cable each made up of 7 wires of 12mm dia.
0.48fci √(Abr/Apunch)or 0.8fci
Strands and carrying a force of 1000KN are
0.48*25*√(60500/22500) or
anchored by plate anchorage 150mm by 150mm
0.8*25=19.7N/mm^2 or 20N/mm^2
located with a centre at 125mm from the edge of
Actual bearing stress
the end block. The cable duct of 50mm dia. The
Fc=Pk/Abr=(1000*10^3)/60500=16.5N/
28 days' cube strength of concrete
mm^2<permissible stress
fcu=45N/mm^2. The cube strength of concrete
F(brst)=Pk*(0.48-0.4*Ypo/
at transfer fci=25N/mm^2. Permissible bearing
Yo)=1000*10^3*(0.48-
stress behind anchorages should conform with Is
0.4*150/2*2/250)=240KN
1343. Take fy of steel anchorage reinforcement
Ast=f(bst)/0.87fy=(240*10^3)/
as 260N/mm^2. Design Suitable anchorage
(0.87*260)=1061.00mm^2
reinforcement for the end block
No. of bars=1061/(π*12^2/4)=10
Solution: Provide 10nos. of 12mm dia mild steel link
2. The end block of a post tensioned Prestressed
Given data concrete beam 300mm wide, 300mm deep is
subjected to a concentric anchorinf force of
Plate size=150*150mm 8328000N by a fressinet anchorage of area
11720mm^2. Design and detail the anchorage
End block=550*550mm reinforcement for the end block.

Fcu=45N/mm^2 Solution:
Given data, b=300mm, d=300mm , p=832800N
Fci=25N/mm^2 (fe250for mild steel), Area=11720mm^2
Fy=260N/mm^2 2y0=300mm

Duct dia.=50mm Area=π/4*d^2

11720=π/4*d^
P=1000KN
D=122.62mm
2yp0=123mm
2ypo/2yo=123/300=0.41

250mm 550mm Tensile stress

Fc=Pk/A=832800/(300*300)=9.25
Fv(max)=fc(0.98-0.825*(ypo/yo))
250mm 9.25*(0.98-0.825*0.41)=263164.8N=263.16KN
Reinforcement
2Ypo=150 550mm
Ast=f(brst)/0.87fy=(263.16*10^3)/
2Y0=250 (125+125) (0.87*250)=1209.93mm^2
Area of the hole=πd^2/4
=(π*50^2)/4=2000mm^2

42
IS 1343: 2012

5
B-4.1.3 Losses 2.40∗10
= 4 +
A post-tensioned concrete beam 100mm wide 3∗10
and 300mm deep spanning over 10m is stressed
by successive tensioning & anchoring of 3
cables. The c/s area of each cable is 200 mm² Cable 1 Cable 2
and stressed 1200 N/mm². The first cable is
Parabolic with an Centroidal axis eccentricity of Stress at
50mm below the at the center of span & 50mm support (240x10^3/3X10^4)- P/A 240X103
above the Centroidal axis at the support sections. (240X10^3x50x50/ 3x104 =8N/mm²
The second cable is parabolic with zero 225 x10^6)
eccentricity at the supports and an eccentricity of =5.33 N/mm²
50mm at the Centre of span. The third cable is Stress at 240x10^/3x10^4 + 240x10^/3x10^4
straight with the uniform eccentricity of 50mm mid 240 X + 240 X
below the Centroidal axis. Estimate the %. of spаn 10^3x50*50 10^3x50*50
loss of stress in each of the cable if they are /225x10^6 /225x10^6
successively tensioned & anchored. Take =10.7 N/mm² =10.7 N/mm²
modular ratio is 6, coefficient of friction is
0.0015/m. Slip anchorage 1mm and creep Averag 5.33+ 2/3(10.7-5.33) 8+ 2/3(10.7-8)
coefficient=1.6, ∆=1 rad , μ=1.12*10−3 . e =8.9N/mm² =9.8 N/mm²
Solution
Given data: 5
2.40∗10 ∗50∗50
b = 100mm 8
d = 300mm
2.25∗10
= 10.66 N/mm²
Ac = 100*300= 3*104 mm²
 Average stress in concrete =
α e= E s / Ec=6 stress at support + 2/3(Stress at mid span -
μ=1.12*10−3 , ∆=1 rad , stress at support section)
k=0.0015 2
=5.33+ (10.66-5.33)
Initial stress ( Po =¿)= 1200 N/mm² 3
L =10m. = 8.9 N/mm².
P = Stress x Area = 1200 x 200 =240 KN.  when cable 3 is tensioned & anchored stress
I = bd 3/12 = 100x300^3/ 12 = 2.25x 108 mm² at the level of cable 1 & Cable 2.
Losses of stress:
 when cable 1 is tensioned and anchored, Loss of stress in Cable 1 = α e∗f c
there will be no loss of stress.
=6*8.9
 When cable 2 is tensioned & anchored,
=53.4 N/mm²
stress at the level of Cable 1 is given by,
Loss of stress in cable 2 = 6* 9.8
stress at support section
= 58. 8 N/mm²
p PeV
f c (support )= - Loss of stress in cable 3 = 0 N/mm²
A I Total loss of stress:
5
2.40∗10 Cable 1 =53.4+ 53.4 = 106. 8 N/mm²
= 4 -
3∗10 Cable 2 = 58. 8 N/mm²
5
2.40∗10 ∗50∗50 Cable 3 =0 N/mm²
8 Percentage of loss of stress: -
2.25∗10 Cable I = (106.8/1200) X 100=8.9%
= 5.33 N/mm² Cable 2= (58.8/1200) X 100 = 4.97%.
 Stress at mid span section Cable 3 = 0%
p PeV Loss due to shrinkage of concrete:
f c (centre) = +
A I Loss of stress = Ecs * Es
where, Ecs = Total shrinkage strain of value

43
IS 1343: 2012

= 300x 10−6 Prestressing 1) Design of longitudinal reinforcement

= 200×10−6Post-tensioning Me1= M +Mt (page-34, cl 23.5.3)
= log10 (t+2) =2.3ln(t+2) 2D
Mt =T √(1+ )
t= Age of concrete in days. b
Loss due to creep of concrete: 2∗500
=70*10^6√1+(2* )
i) ultimate creep strain method: - 400
Loss of stress in steel = Ecc *fc *Es. =130.77Knm
ii) Creep coefficient method: - Me1=249.9 +130.77
Loss of stress = ϕ* fc * α e =380.67
Loss due to friction  The longitudinal steel in the section is
P x = P0* e−(μϴ−kx) designed for the ultimate moment of
P x =Prestressing force at father end. 386Knm.
 The ultimate moment capacity of the section
P0 = Prestressing force at jacking end.
with Prestressing steel is first determined
μ= Coefficient of friction b/w cable & duct and for the balanced moment mild steel
ϴ=Cumulative angle in radians reinforcement will be designed.
k= Friction coefficient for wave effect. f pu∗A p 1820∗506
e=2.7183 = =0.115
Effect: - Loss of stress = P0 * e−(μϴ−kx) f ck∗bd 40∗400∗500
Loss due to Elastic deformation f pb
=1 => f pb=0.87 f p
ɛ d=α e∗f c 0.87 f p
Losses due to Anchorage =0.87*1820
Pl =1583 N/mm²
Δ= Xu/d=0.217=> Xu= 108.5mm
A Es
Relaxation Losses Mu= f pb* A p (d-0.42Xu)
=Always 5% of stress (Immediate loss) =1583*506(425-0.42*108.7)
B-4.1.4 Flexural and Shear Design =364.08Knm
A post tension bonded prestressed beam of Balancing moment=Me1-Mu
section 400mm*500mm is subjected to service =380.67-364.08
of BM 166.6KN-m and torsional moment of =16.57KN-m (+ve, hence
46.6Knm and sheer force of 66.6Knm. The required RCC design)
section has an effective pre-stressing force. Here,
determine from service load requirement of Mu=0.87fy*Ast*d(1-(fy*Ast/fck*bd))
magnitude 500Kn at an eccentricity of 150mm 16.59*10^6
provided by 5 no's of 12.5mm cable having c/s =0.87*250*Ast*500(1-250*Ast/40*400*500)
area 506mm² and ultimate tension strength of Ast=133 mm²
1820N/mm². If concrete grade of 40 Mpa. Provide 2 bars of 12 mm at an effective depth of
Design suitable longitudinal and transverse 500mm.
reinforcement in the beam based on skew Ast(provided) =2*π*12^2/4
bending theory approach. =226.20 mm²
Solution: 2) Design of transverse reinforcement
Beam Section(b*d) = 400mm*500mm e
Tc1=Tc( ) (page-34, cl 23.5.4)
Ultimate BM(M)=1.5*166.6=249.9Knm e+ ec
Ultimate Tor. moment(T) =1.5*46.6=70Knm b
Ultimate shear force(V)=1.5*66.6=100Kn Tc= 0.15* b² D(1- )* ƛv *√fck
3D
f ck =40 N/mm² 12 fcp
f pu=1820 N/mm² ƛp=√(1+ )
fck
A p =506 mm² fcp=P/A=500*10^3/400*500 = 2.5 N/mm²
e= 150mm ƛp=√(1+12*2.5/40) = 1.322

44
IS 1343: 2012

Tc= 0.15*400^2*500(1-400/3*500) *1.296*√40 2

π∗12 /4 o .4
= 43 KN-m =
400∗Sv 0.87∗250
e=T/V =70/100 =0.7 Sv= 153.74 mm
e c =Tc/Vc Provides ϕ12mm at 150mm c/c shear
Here Reinforcement.
Vc is smaller of Vco and Vcr Now,
Vco= 0.67*b*D√(ft^2+0.8fcp*ft) ec= Tc/Vc =73.4/90 =0.81
ft=0.24√fck Tc1= 73.4(0.7/0.7+0.81) =34.02 KN-m
= 0.24√40 Vc1= 90 (0.7/0.7+0.81) = 41.72 KN
=1.517 N/mm² 3) Balance shear force and torsion
Vco =0.67*400*500√(1.517^2+0.8*2.27*1.517) SF=V-Vc1 =100- 41.72 = 58.28 KN
=308.2 KN Torsion=T-Tc1 = 70 - 43.72 = 35.98 KN-m
0.55 fpe V Area Required for steel and Torsion
Vcr=(1- )τc*b*d+Mo*( )
fp M Asv= Mt*Sv/1.5*b1*d1*fy
fpe=P/Ap Asv = Av + 2At
=500*10^3/506 Here,
=988.14 N/mm² Av= (V-Vc1)Sv/0.87*fy*d1
3
b d 400∗500
3 At = (T-Tc1)*sv/ 0.87*b1*d1*fy
I= = =4.167*10^9 mm^4 b1= 400-25-25 =350mm
12 12
d1= 500-25-25 =450mm
P P∗e∗ y
fpt= + Sv=80mm
A I fy=250 N/mm^2
3 3
500∗10 500∗10 ∗150∗250 Av=58.28*10^3*80/(0.87*250*450)
= + 9
400∗500 4.167∗10 =47.636 mm^2
=7 N/mm² At= 35.98*10^6 *80/0.87*350*450*250
I =84.02mm^2
Mo= 0.8*fpt* Asv= 47.636 +(2*84.02) =215.68mm^2
y
=0.8*4.3*4.167*10^9/250 Asv= 136*10^6*80/ 1.5*350*450*250
=93.33 KN-m =184.21mm^2
Ap*100/bd =506*100/400*500 Take larger value of Asv=215.68mm^2
=0.25% Provide 12mm 2 legged stirrup at a spacing of
from table-28, page 34 80mm
τc =0.38 N/mm^2 Ast provided =2*π*12^2/4= 226mm^2
0.55 fpe V
Vcr=(1- )τc*b*d+Mo*( ) B-4.1.5 Stress Calculation
fp M The single span, simply supported beam of span
= (1-0.55*988.14/1820) *0.38*400*500* 9m carried the permanent load 5Kn/m
93.3*10^6*(100*10^3/250*10^6) (excluding self-weight) and variable load
=90.637 KN 20Kn/m. Taking losses to be 25% and
Vcr should not less than o.1 bd*√fck
=0.1*400*500*√40
=126 KN
Hence shear reinforcement not needed.
Vc = the smaller of Vco & Vcr
=90.637 KN
Hence does not required shear reinforcement but
provide nominal shear reinforcement.
Asv o.4
= (use ϕ=12mm)
b∗Sv 0.87∗fy
 permissible tensile stresses are 2.5 N/mm^2
at transfer & 2N/mm^2 in service

45
IS 1343: 2012

 permissible compressive stresses are M50. Determine the moment carrying

20N/mm^2 at transfer and at service capacity of the section.
Determine an appropriate rectangular section for Solution.
the member taking the density of prestressed
concrete to be 25N/m^3. Given data.
Solution C/s Area of tendons Ap = 200mm2
We will check the requirements at the critical fpu = 1600 N/mm2
section which is at mid-span. To determine an fck = 50 N/mm2
approximate initial transfer moment Mi. we bw = 150 mm
estimate the section depth based on a span depth bf = 300 mm
ratio of say 15 df = 200 mm
d=9000/15 =600mm Df = 500 mm
Try this with a width of 250mm, which is a We know that,
practical minimum. Hence the self-weight load Ap = Apf + Apw
is df
Apf = 0.45 fck *(bf - bw) *
Wself=25(0.6*0.25) =3.75KN/m f pu
At transfer only self-weight is present. Therefore 200
= 0.45*50*(300-150)*
Mt=wl^2/8 = 3.75*9^2/8 = 38KNm 1600
At service the moment is = 421.67 mm2
Ms= wl^2/6 = (3.75+5+20) *9^2/8 = 291KN-m Apw = Ap- Apf
Check the section modulus at the top fiber = 200-421.67
Zt>(Ms-αMt)/(fsc-αft) = -221.67 mm2
> 291-0.75*38/20-0.75(-2.5) Neutral axis lies in flange, consider the beam
Zt >12*10^6 mm^3 section is rectangular.
And at the bottom fpu∗Ap 1600∗200
Zb>(Ms-αMt)/(αfsc-fs) = = 0.0427
fck bd 50∗300∗500
> 291-0.75*38/0.75*20-(-2) fpb
Zb>15.4*10^6 mm^3 =1
If the section is to be rectangular, the Zt =Zb and 0.87 fpu
so the requirement for Zb governs fpb = 0.87*1600 = 1392 N/mm2
Z=bh^2/6 >15.4*10^6 Xu
= 0.109 (from table-11
Keeping the 250mm width d
250h^2/6 > 15.4*10^6 IS1343)
h>√6(15.4*10^6)/250 xu = 0.109*500 = 54.5mm < 200mm
h>609 mm OK
Thus adopt a 250mm *650mm section. Mu = fbd * Aps*(d-0.42xu)
Note that this changes the self-weight and so the Mu = 1393*200*(500 – 0.42*54.5)
calculation need to be performed again to verify =132.827 KN-M.
that the section is adequate. However, the 2. Determine the ultimate moment carrying
increase in self-weight is offset by the larger capacity of the section shown. The tendon
section depth and hence larger section moduli has a transfer Prestress of 1200KN and the
which helps reduce stresses. These two effects area of the stand is 1000 mm^2. The elastic
just about cancel each other out. modulus for the prestressing steel is 195
KN/mm^2 and Concrete is 45 N.
B-4.1.6 Moment Carrying Capacity
1. A pre-tension T-section beam which has
flange 300mm wide and 200mm thick the
rib is 150mm wide and 350mm thick. If the
effective depth of T-section is 500mm. The
tendon cross-section area is 200mm2 having
stress 1600 N/ mm2. The concrete cast is

46
IS 1343: 2012

Solution Hence the moment capacity is

The initial Strain in the tendon due to the M u= Pu*z
Prestress is = Pu*(d p -0.42x)
Pt 1200∗10
3
=2005771*(650-0.45*314.4)
ɛ pt= = =0.00615
E p∗A p 195∗103∗1000 =1020 KN-m
The Strain in the concrete caused by the
initial Prestress is Annex-C
1 P t Pt∗e 2 C-3.2 Why is the high strength of
ɛ cr=
Ec A + I
( ) concrete and high grade of steel of
required for Prestressed concrete?
1 High strength concrete is necessary for
= 3(
29.8∗10 Prestress concrete as the material offers
3 3 2
1200∗10 1200∗10 ∗27 5 highly resistance in tension, shear bond
+ ) and bearing. In the zone of anchorage, the
750∗350 (350∗75 03)/12
bearing stresses being hired; high strength
=0.00040
concrete is invariably preferred to
minimizing the cost.
At failure, the concrete strain at the level
High strength concrete is less liable to
of the prestressing is:
shrinkage cracks and has lighter modulus of
ɛ cpu= 0.0035 ¿) elasticity and smaller ultimate creep strain
and so the final strain in the prestressing resulting in a smaller loss of Prestress in
steel is: steel. The use of high strength concrete
ɛ pu= 0.00655+0.0035 ¿) results in a reduction in a cross sectional
The final forces in the prestressing steel dimensions of Prestress concrete structural
is: element with a reduced dead weight of the
Pu= A p∗E p∗ɛ pu material longer span become technically and
=(1000)*(195*10^3){0.00655+0.0035 ¿)} economically practicable.
=195*10^6 {0.00655+0.0035 ¿)} Tensile strength of high tensile steel is in the
The force in the concrete is range of 1400 to 2000 N/mm2 and if
F c=(0.45*450(350*0.9x) initially stress up to 1400 N/mm2 there
will be still large stress in the high tensile
At the correct depth to the neutral axis we
reinforcement after making deduction for
will have horizontal equilibrium of forces,
loss of Prestress. Therefore, high tensile
Pu= F c
steel is made for Prestress concrete
Hence we iteratively try to find the value of x.
 Explain any two methods of prestressing
system?
Pre tensioning:
A method of Pre stressing concrete in which
the tendons are tensioned before the
concrete is placed. In this method, the

47
IS 1343: 2012

Prestress is imparted to concrete by bond piers or supports required and allowing

between steel and concrete. for more flexible and aesthetically
Post tensioning: pleasing bridge designs.
A method of pre stressing concrete by d) Resistance to external loads and
tensioning the tendons against hardened environmental factors:
concrete. In this method, the Prestress is Prestressed bridges are better equipped
imparted to concrete by bearing. to handle dynamic loads, such as heavy
 What are the various types of losses of traffic or seismic events, and
Prestress? environmental factors like temperature
 Loss due to elastic deformation of variations and shrinkage.
concrete e) Improved service life:
 Loss due to shrinkage of concrete By reducing tensile stresses and
 Loss due to creep of concrete controlling cracking, Prestressed bridges
 Loss due to relaxation of stress inn steel tend to have longer service lives with
 Loss of stress due to friction lower maintenance requirements.
 Loss due to anchorage slip C-3.2.1 Y-Beam
 List out the favorable condition of A Y-beam, as shown in figure has rib width of
Prestress design over RCC design? 200mm and depth of 1000mm. Its area is
 High length to depth ratio 310*10^3 mm^2 and its second moment of area
 Whole concrete area is effective in is 36*10^9 mm^4. The area of prestressing steel
resisting loads is 1803 mm^2 which has strength 0f 1750
 Prestress concrete section are thinner N/mm^2 and stress to 60% of its strength in
 Self-weight is less than RCC service at an eccentricity of 290mm. The
 It shows less deflection concrete grade id 50
 Bridge failure reason: - Check the section for a shear of 400 KN and
7 key reasons for failure of bridge structures associated moment of 800 KN-m. Note that the
are listed below. tendon is inclined by 3" at the section
 Failure during construction considered.
 Failure in service without external Solution
action First determine the following
 Collapse due to impact Pt = A p * f u= 1803*0.6+1750=1893KN
 Failure due to flooding, ice or other P t 1893∗103
floating objects and hurricane f cp= = =6.1 N/mm^2
 Failure due to fire or explosion A 310∗10 3
 Failure due to seismic activity f c=0.24 *√ f pu=0.24*√50=1.7 N/mm^2
 Failure of false work Un-cracked Shear Capacity:
 How it overcome by Prestress? V CD =0.67bh*√( f c 2+0.8 f c f cp ¿+V p
a) Increased load- =0.67(200*1000)*√(1.72 +0.8*1.7*6.1)+1893*si
carrying capacity: Prestressing allows
n3"
bridges to carry heavier loads without
=448.2+99.1
experiencing excessive deflection or
=547.3Kn
failure.
For the cracked shear capacity, we have the
b) Crack control:
following inputs
The compressive forces induced by
f px
prestressing help to minimize the =o.6 Given
development of cracks in the concrete, f pu
enhancing the overall durability of the
structure.
c) Longer spans:
Prestressed bridges can be designed with
longer spans, reducing the number of

48
IS 1343: 2012

Draw the Magnel diagram for the mid-span

section and determine an economic prestressing
force and its corresponding eccentricity.
Solution
The self-weight as:
W self = 0.2*0.35*25=1.75 KN/m
Section properties as:
A=b*h=200*350= 70*10^3 mm^2
2 2
b h 200∗350
Z= = =4.083*10^6 mm^3
6 6
At Transfer only self-weight is present.
Hence Therefore
2
W self L 1.75∗10 2
M self = = = 21.9 KN-m
8 8
At service the moment is:
2 2
M ser = W L = (1.75+3)∗10 =59.4 KN-
8 8
m
Section is un-cracked since M=<Mo and
The allowable stresses are for a class 1 member,
so the design shear strength is 547.3 KN
from the previous table
which is greater than the applied
fu= -1 N/mm^2 fm= 0.5*32=16 N/mm^2
400KN. Therefore, Use nominal Links.
fo= o N/mm^2 fw=0.33*40=13.33 N/mm^2
C-3.2.2 Magnel Diagram
Next We determine the equation of four lines
A Magnel Diagram is a plot of the four
lines associated with the limits on stress.
As can be seen, when these four
equations are plotted, a feasible region is
found in which points of I/P and e
simultaneously satisfy all four
equations. Any such point then satisfies
all four stress limits.

The geometric quantities Zt/A and Zb/A are

known as the upper and lower kerns
respectively. They will feature in laying out the
tendons.
Q. A beam 200mm wide *350mm deep spans
10m and carries 3 KN/m live load in addition to
its dead weight. The concrete is grade 40 and
Prestress is transferred at 32 N/mm^2 cube
strength. Take losses to be 20%. The member is
to be a class 1 Member.

49
IS 1343: 2012

50