IS 456:2000

2.3.3 Circular Girder Minimum reinforcement,

1. Given Radius of girder(R), Width of Ast=(0.85*bd)/fy
girder(b), Overall depth of girder (D), Udl, Provide 4-20mm bar, Ast(prov)=?
fck, fy. 7. Design of Section subjected max. shear
2. Self-weight and torsion
Load of beam( W b )=t*d*γ, IS 456 cl. 41.4
Total load ( W t )=UDL + W b , Mt=Tu*((1+D/b))/1.7
Total equivalent moment, (Me)=Mt+Mu
Design load( W d)=1.5 W t ,
Moment is so small so provide nominal
Total design load(W)=2πR*( W d) minimum reinforcement 4-20mm
3. Design BM, Tor. moment and SF. IS 456 cl. 41.3
Max. –ve BM ( M b−¿¿ )=K1*W*R Equivalent, SF=Vet=Vu+1.6*(Tu/b
Max. +ve BM ( M b+) =K2*W*R Nominal Shear stress τev=Ve/bd
Tor. moment(T u)=K3*W*R Table 20, τcmax>τev OK
From table-19 IS 456, τc
SF=
W∗ ( 2360πR )∗ϴ Vus’=Vu-τcbd

2 8. Stirrups calculation—cl. 41.4.3

SF at the section of max. torsional, Asv=(Tu*Sv)/(b1d1*0.87fy)+(Vu*Sv)/

( 2360πR )∗ꞵ
(2.5d1*0.87fy)
(ꞵ=9o33’)=SF-W ∗ d1=D-2*eff. Cover along depth
b1=b-2*eff. Cover along width
4. Design of section— (Near the support)
Assume 12mm dia. 2 legged stirrups, Sv=?
Mu= M b-, Vu=SF Adopt 2 legged 12mm bar @ 200mm c/c
from IS 456:2000-Annex G
9. Figure
Mu=0.36* ( Xu , max
d )
fck*bd2 (1-0.42 For k1, k2 and k3
no.of ϴ k1 k2 k3 ꞵ
( Xu ,dmax ) ¿ column
4 90 0.0342 0.017 0.0053 19°12'
d=? Adopt d=950mm 6
5. Calculation of reinforcemt required 6 60 0.0148 0.007 0.0015 12°44'
fy∗Ast 5
Mu=0.87*fy*Ast*d(1- ) 8 45 0.0083 0.004 0.0006 9°33'
fck∗bd
Ast=? Provide 4-25mm bar, Ast(prov)=? 1
6. Shear reinforcement 10 36 0.0054 0.002 0.0003 7°30'
Nominal shear stress¿ ¿ )= Vu/bd 3
From table 20 for M20 concrete 12 30 0.0037 0.001 0.00017 7°15'
(τ¿ ¿ c , max)¿ =>τ v, ok 4
From Value of τ c see table 19 of IS 456:2000
2.3.4 Deep Beam
0.2 %∗Ast
at % Ast= by compare then find 1. Design Parameter
fck∗bd ɛ=C/L, ꞵ =D/L
τc 2
Wl
Shear force taken by concrete only(Vc) =τ cbd 2. Moment at Mid Span (Mt.) = (1-ɛ 2 )
24
Remaining SF(Vus.) =Vu-Vc 2
Wl
From IS 456—cl. 40.4 Moment at support(Ms.) = (1-ɛ )(2- ɛ)
Vus=(0.87*fy*Asv*d)/Sv, Sv=? 24
Here Assume 10mm 4 legged stirrups 3. For Steel Reinforcement:
2 IS 456:2000 cl 29.2) when 1< L/D<2.5
π∗10
Asv= In this case, L/d, Z =0.2 (L +1.5D) =?
4 Reinforcement for Tension (Mid Span)
Provide 10mm @150mm c/c spacing Mt.=0.87.fy. Ast. Z, Ast=?
For mid span, M= M b+ ¿¿ Reinforcement for support
Calculate Ast=? (from IS 456 Annex G) Ms.=0.87.fy. Ast. Z, Ast=?

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 IS 456:2000

Min. Rein. Required =0.2% of bd two-way slab are based on the Rankine’s
4. Arrangement of Reinforcement Grashoff method.
(Cl 29.3.1(C) Is 456:2000) 2. According to theorem slab can be divided
For +ve B.M (Mid-span) into system of orthogonal unit beam strip
zone of depth=0.25D - 0.05L and the load can be proportioned to the
Use 16 mm bar of 20 number, Ast=? short and long span strip in a such a way
For – ve B.M (Compression Side) that the deflection of two beams along the
zone of depth=0.2D, Ast=? center is equal
Portion of steel(p)=0.5(L/D-0.5) 3. By equating the deflection component of
Ast'=p* Min. Rein. Required strip expressed as a function of the
Use=16mm dia, of 16 no, Ast(prov)=? unknown unit load. The magnitude of the
Remaining Steel = Min. Rein. Req - Ast' load, shear in the orthogonal direction can
Zone=0.3D on either side of beam be determined.
Provide dia 8mm 20 no Ast (prov.) =?
2.4 Grid Floor 1. Given
Grid/coffer floor/ Waffel cover a floor (B*L) =(a*b), spacing of ribs (S),
Reinforced concrete grid slab system consists live load (LL) fck, fy
of beam spaced regular interval in orthogonal 2. Dimension of Slab and Beam
direction with an integral slab at the top. They Assume thickness of Slab= 100mm
are generally used to cover larger floor space Span
of parking, garage, commercial and industrial Depth of beam based on , Depth=?
Depth
building airport and somewhere in residential Adopt Depth(d), Width of Beam(b)= (>d/4)
building. 3. Load Calculation
Grid system can be made in following types Wt. of slab= 0.1*γ
1. Square grid i)Total load of slab=0.1*γ *a*b
2. Rectangular Grid Wt. of ribs= (0.2*0.5) *24= 2.4 KN/m
3. Diagonal grid ii)Total load of ribs along x-axis=2.4*a*7
Analysis of Grid floor iii)Total load of ribs along y-axis= 2.4*(b-
Approximate method (IS code method) 7*0.2) *5
a) Grid floor can be analyzed for moment and iv)Floor finish load=1*a*b
design force developed under the action of v)Live load=1.5*a*b
dead and imposed load by using approximate Total load(W)=i+ii+iii+iv+v KN
method specified in IS code. W 2
b) As per IS 456:2000 the ribbed slab system Load per Unit area(q)= KN /m
a∗b
can be analyzed as a solid slab if the structure
a. Rankine Grashoff Method
satisfies the following requirements regarding
q q M
spacing of beam, thickness of slab and edge of 1=¿q [ 4
b4
4
]¿ , 1=¿q [ 4
b4
4
]¿ , x=¿
q1∗b1∗a2 ,
¿
a +b a +b 8
beam.
1) The width of the in suite ribs should not be M Q Q
x=¿
q1∗b1∗a2
¿ , x=¿
q1∗b1∗a
¿ , x=¿
q1∗b1∗a
¿
8 8 8
less than 65mm
2) The spacing of ribs should not exceed 1.5m b. Rigorous Method
3) The depth of rib excluding any topping Determination of MOI of I-Section
3
should not exceed four times of their width k t∗bw∗D
I gr= =? ,b f /b w=?, D f / D =?
4) The width of the ribs along the edge should 12
be as wide as the width of the bearing. k t=2.3 from chart 88 of SP16
c) The moment and SF per unit width of grid Determination of rigidity of ribs per unit width
slab are determined using the table 26 of IS D X = EI/a1, D y =EI/b1, a1=b1,
456:2000 and suitable reinforcement are
Hence
designed to resist the design force component. 3
d) The slab reinforcement generally consist of k t∗bw∗D
I= I gr = , D X = D X =EI/2
mesh for detailing Cl 36.7 of IS 456:2000 can 12
be used. Determination of Torsional Rigidity
Rankine’s Grashoff method G=E/2(1+µ), X=200mm, Y=600mm
1. Moment coefficient prescribes in the
Annex D of IS 456:2000 Cl D2. T26 for

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 IS 456:2000

3 1/ 2
x y V∗( a2+ z 2 )
C1=C2¿ ¿ ) = 0.36 fck b xu cosθ, Z =? xu
3 z
Cx=Cy=GC1/a1 =?
Determination of Central Deflection (from Cl.no. 38 IS456:2000)
2H=Cx +Cy X umax
16 q = 0.48, xu, max =?
d
Ꟙ1= Ꟙ= 6 Dx 2 H Dy Here, xu > xumax so reinforcement in concrete is
π { 4 + 2 2+ 4 }
a a b b also provide.
Determine moment and shear force and 4. Determination of forces (fc, C and T)
1/ 2
Torsional moment V V∗( a2+ z 2 )
fc = =¿ =?
Moment and shear force at any point in π grid Sinϴ z
can be calculate. V V∗a
Moment Tanθ = =>T = =?
T z
Mx= Dx.Ꟙ1 {(π/a) ^2* (Sinπx/a)) *(sinπy/b)
My= Dy.Ꟙ1 {(π/b) ^2* (Sinπx/a)) *(sinπy/b)
0.0035∗(d −x)
Es = =?
Torsional Moment x
Mxy= -CxꟘ1*(π^2/ab) (Cosπx/a)) *(Cosπy/b) Strain stress (from sp-16 table A)
Shear Force By interpolation, fs =?
Qx=Ꟙ1 (Cosπx/a) (sinπy/b) {Dx(π/a) ^3+ (Cy. T
T= fs * Ast=>Ast = =?
π^3/ab^2) fs
Qy=Ꟙ1 (Sinπx/a) (Cosπy/b) {Dx(π/b) ^3+ Provide 4 nos of 20 mm dia bar, Ast(prov)=?
(Cy. π^3/ba^2) 5.check for maximum bar
Sp 34 cl no. 7.1
Ast provided ≤ 1.3% of bd, OK
Point X Y Mx My Mxy Myx Qx Qy
6. shear reinforcement
E 0 8 0 0 0 0 30.42 0 cl no. 28.2.3 IS 456:2000
F 2 8 57.865 32.538 0 0 27.21 0 Ast
G 4 8 100.22 56.35 0 0 15.71 0 Asv ≥ =?
H 6 8 115.73 65.077 0 0 0 0 2
A 0 16 0 0 5.72 5.72 0 0 Provide 2 legged 10mm dia stirrups, Asv(ϕ)=?
P 6 16 0 0 0 0 0 -
14.27 Nos. shear reinforcement bar = (Asv / Asv(ϕ))
L 6 12 81.83 46.06 0 0 0 - Prov. these stirrups at the depth =2/3 of d
10.69 Spacing =?
2.4.2 Corbel Design 7. shear checking
1.Given data: 100∗Ast
Vertical ultimate load (Pu=Vu=V=P), Pt = =?
bd
Distance (a), Column size(b*d), fck, fy,
From table-19 IS456:2000
Bearing stress (σbearing) = 0.8 fck
By interpolation, τc =?
2.Depth calculation: it is based on shear
From cl.no.40.5.1 IS456:2000
criteria.
τ1c = (2d/a) *τc < τcmax, hence ok.
From IS 456:2000, table-20 for M25 concrete
Shear force taken by stirrups and longitudinal
τcmax = 3.1 N/mm2
reinforcement
Assume τc = 2.5 N/mm2 < τcmax
Vc = τ1c *b*d
Based on the assumed shear strength
Shear force taken by stirrups
Vu Vus = 0.87*fy Asv N
τc = , d=? Put d, Overall depth (D)= d+50
bd Total shear force taken by section = Vc+Vus
(from Cl.no.28.1 IS 456:2000) 8. Design of bearing plate
D Bearing stress of concrete (σb) = 0.8 fck=?
Depth at the face of the corbel (D’) = ,
2 Let B be the width of the bearing plate so that
3. Determination of lever Arm: dimension is (400*B)
(d −z) v
Z = d-0.42xu=>xu = =2.38*(d-z) σb ≥ , Provide (B) = ?
0.42 400∗B
fc = c cosθ= 0. 0.36 fck b xu 9. Development length of torsion and
compression

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 IS 456:2000

0.87∗f y∗Φ Similarly, Pby=?

Ld = =¿? Puz−Pu
4 τ bd kx=( )
(from Cl.no. 26.2.1 IS456:2000, for M25) Puz−Pbx
τbd =1.4 Puz−Pu
10.provide compression reinforcement ky=( )
Puz−Pby
Ac ≥ 1000 mm2 per meter width of corbel all Reduction of addition moment,
bar of tension side and compression side. Max’= Max*kx
May’= May*ky
Classification of Shear Walls Cal. initial moment (Is456:2000 cl 39.7.1)
 Column Supported Shear walls Column bends in double curvature so it has a
 Core Type Shear Walls contra flexure point between the ends of the
 Rigid Frame Shear Walls column and ends are restrained against sway,
 Framed Walls with Infilled Frames so no relative displacement end.
 Simple Rectangular Types and Mix= 0.6 M2-0.4M1<0.4Mxt
Flanged Walls Miy= 0.6 M2-0.4M1<0.4Myt
 Coupled Shear Walls Calculation of moment due to eccentricity
 Cantilever shear wall ex=l/500+D/30, Mux=Pu*ex
ey=l/500+b/30, Muy=Pu*ey
Classification according to Behavior Total design moment
 squat structural walls Mux= Max+ Mex
 slender wall Muy=May+ Mey
 ordinary-moment shear walls 4. Check for biaxial bending
 ductile-moment shear walls Pu/fck.b.D. D=? p/fck=? d’/D=?
 dual systems from graph
2.4.3 Long Column Mux 1
1. Given 2 =0.2=> Mux 1=?
b, D, Lex, Ley, fy, Pu, fck, Mux at top and at fck .b . D
bottom, Muy at top and at bottom Muy 1
2 =0.2=> Muy 1=?
2. Lex/D> 12, Ley/b > 12, therefore the column fck . D . b
is Long and slender about both axes. Mux/Mux1=? Muy/Muy1=? Pu/Puz=?
3. Additional moment (cl 39.7.1 is 456) From chart 64 Sp-16 at Mux/Mux1
Pu∗D Lex 2 Pu∗b Muy/Muy1and Pu/Puz
Max= *( ) =?, May= * Mux/Mux1=0.71> 0.416 ok
2000 D 2000
2 Hence, our design is safe and 2%
Ley =? reinforcement is satisfactory.
( )
b As= p*b*D/100?
Reduction in additional moment, p= percentage of steel Provide 10 bars of 25
(clause 39.7.1.1 is 456) mm dia bars and lateral ties of 8mm @ 300
Puz−Pu mm c/c spacing.
k= =<1
Puz−Pb
assume 2% rebar as trial. From chart 63 Sp-16;
Puz
= =19.5, 2.4.4 Pre-Stress
Ag
Ag=b*D (gross area of column) 1. Given
Puz=19.5*Ag=? Size of beam(b*d), Effective span(l), Tension
Calculation of Pb (table 60) and Compressive bar, fck, fy.
Assuming 25mm dia bar with 40 mm clear. 2. Check for Deflection Criteria
Cover effective(d’) = 40+12.5=? l
=<abcde
(d’/D) x-axis=? d
(d’/b) y-axis=? a=20 f0r s/s, b=1,
From table 60 of Sp 16 for d’/D= 0.15 Ast (req)
P fs=0.58fy*
Pb(x-axis)/(fck.b.D)=K1+k2 Ast ( prov)
fck For Tension, n-ϕ mm
(k1= 0.196, k2=0.203) =>Pbx=?

16
 IS 456:2000

Ast
%of Ast=100*
bd
From graph (Is 456:2000, from fig-4),
c=?
For compressive, n-ϕ mm
Asc
%Asc=100*
bd
From graph (Is 456:2000, from fig-5 and 6),
d=? e=?
Then, check
l
=<abcde, ok
d

17