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© Louis Fidge

This edition first published 2002

Previously published as Collins Primary Grammar and Punctuation

First published 1997
Reprinted 1998 (three times), 1999, 2001

ISBN-13 978 0 00 713210 2

ISBN-10 0 00 713210 7

1098

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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in

a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
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Designer: Celia Hart

Editor: Gill Munton
Illustrations: Rob Englebright, Bethan Matthews, Andrew Midgley,
Martin Remphry, Jakki Wood

Acknowledgements
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Cover photograph: Telegraph Colour Library

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ST. JOHN FISHER R.C. PRIMARY SCHOOL

JUNIOR DEPT.
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Grammar an
Punctuation
Book 2

Louis Fidge

‘ Collins EERtaeas Ce Lea

paises foce pts A lea eats
PITESSEP AESEGAIUAIVTIS OTIS CEOMEIBEITG FUEET (ERE eaeFiat (tisha agrees bs
A BSS ETEE OR PETER PALES ST PUARLITTSELLE SPER EE OL REESE SEISLELES DS SEPP LETS SESSERSEFIUD
 eee Using this book
This book will help you to understand grammar and punctuation,
and improve your writing. You will learn how sentences are
structured and formed, how words work together and the rules
of our language. Punctuation goes hand in hand with grammar —
punctuation marks make writing easier to understand.

What’s in a unit
Each unit is set out in the same way as the example here. There are
also Progress Units to help you check how well you are doing.

Unit heading The rule Making sure

This tells you what This explains the rule Activities to practise
you will be learning and gives an example and develop your
about understanding

© Adjectives

An adjective is o describing word.

Adjectives give us more information about nouns.
Adjectives make sentences more interesting.

xe dragon came out of the Se es

The fearsome,
sot fiery Peale
libel, dragon came out of the huge, dark cave

We can improve the first sentence by adding some adjectives.

Practice
Copy the sentences. Choose the most suitable adjective from the —_ = e
brackets to fill each gap Practise your punctuation

thes. (poor, wet, dirty. new Punctuate this passage correctly

giant lived in an costle. (ugly, cold, old, blue) Each time you come to the adjective nice, repiace it with a
more interesting word.
apple. (purple, little, juicy, hairy)

Practice Practise your punctuation

Activities to practise and Activities to practise and check
check your understanding your punctuation
 Contents

Unit Page
1 ~~ Parts of Speech (nouns, verbs and adjectives) 4
2 Common and Proper Nouns 6
3 Verbs (doing and being words) 8
4 Sentences and Phrases 10
5 Adjectives 12
6 Subjects and Verbs 14
7 ~~ Singular and Plural 16
8 Exclamation Marks 18
Q Verb Tenses (past and present) 20
10 Adverbs 22
Progress Test A 24
11. Pronouns 26
12 Conjunctions 28
13 More about Adjectives 30
14 Prepositions 32
15 Adjectives (Comparatives and superlatives) 34
16 Opposites (verbs) 36
17 Apostrophes (contractions) 38
18 Sentences (Subject and predicate) 40
19 Direct Speech 42
20 Positive and Negative Sentences bly
Progress Test B 46
 Parts of Speech
(nouns, verbs and adjectives)

.
°
trees
oree*
.
r
; **
Ree ee ean cher eee se ool leeerete iter el igaerer eee cre sc ses

Soesee es POUT TLL scoeett

‘Practice
Copy the sentences. Choose the most suitable verb to
complete each sentence.

caught shouted carried crawled

planted chased sailed typed

1. The old turtle up the hill.

2 line poner the suitcases to our hotel room. yi
3. Mr Blake some seeds in his garden. -
4. The secretary lots of letters.
5. Emma at the top of her voice. N
6. We our boat out to sea. PF a ee
7. The bull the children across the field.
8. The eagle the animal in its claws.

3
Making sure
1. Think of a suitable noun to go with each adjective.
a) ared b) the brown
c) some golden d) an empty
e) a soft f) the warm 5
g) some tall h) a foolish
Now make up four sentences.
Use one of your answers in each sentence.
2. Think of a suitable adjective to go with each noun.
a) a parcel b) the
c) some children d) a
e) a accident f) some
g an giant h) the
Now make up four sentences.
Use one of your answers in each sentence.

Practise your punctuation

1. Punctuation marks make writing easier to understand.
Punctuate these sentences correctly. Put in the capital letters,
full stops, commas and question marks.

a) the frightened child approached the dark castle

b) what made that funny noise
c) the small boy was carrying a big bag a book a pointed
stick and an apple
d) the old door creaked and opened
e) a strange old lady stood in the shadows

. In the sentences you have written:

a) underline the verbs in red
b) underline the nouns in blue
c) underline the adjectives in green
 The boy went by train from the station.
Tom went by Eurostar from Waterloo.

Practice.
Snow White crocodile bus Fluff Manchester
letter Mr Barnes house shop River Thames
The Times day Mars pet Sunday word
woman Easter Nasir sentence

Draw a chart like this. Write each of the nouns

in the box in the correct column.

| Prope HS
DeeeetiLad eet ieecethaaekt >

| ET
Aide cee
Prevet ett
aeet ; 4 :tteaee tearsitll teILEt}
AyatSb eeet ae thebsieade
rSRERELSOTEL

crocodile
1. Copy the sentences. Underline the proper nouns. Circle the
common nouns. The first one has been done for you.
a) The to Birmingham was full.
lb) At Diwali some people have a party.
c) The boat sailed down the River Severn.
d) During his holiday Ben visited Portugal.
e) Sir Francis Drake was a famous explorer.
f) My favourite team is Chelsea.
g) Mrs Rossetti is a keen gardener.
h) The book was The Pink Pyjamas by Barbara Miller.

2. Now complete this alphabetical list of people and places.

aoe SFE ae Pp

vai Dont worry if

i you can’t think of
Andrew lives in America.
{ aname or place for Billy lives in Bermuda.
\ every letter! Claire lives in Canada.
a
Va
Rar
a ke

3 Practise your punctuation

1. Punctuate these sentences correctly.
ann moore lives in edinburgh
my address Is 14 king street
) have you ever been to america canada mexico or jamaica
) the mountaineer climbed mount everest
) is christmas in november or december

. In the sentences you have written:

a) underline the common nouns
b) circle the proper nouns
 Verbs
(doing and being words)

Salt
tyeaseweessttiee

- Some335verbs
v
S33tett

wore
‘are being omens
crewiords petitsae

they1s. ae ;
+¢ tae ret mince:
sppe

ning. it

HRse aadsit He a ati tesetith vee peat

are is srb

t
oo
erent
“Ittel a

Practice
1. Copy the sentences. Underline the doing verb in each one.
a) Tadpoles nibble weeds. b) Tadpoles swish their tails.
c) The frog jumped on toa rock. d) The frog croaked loudly.

2. Complete each sentence with the correct being verb from the box.

am are is was were will be

a) Tadpoles baby frogs.

b) | too hot.
c) Victoria Queen of Britain.
d) Ali good at spelling.
e) Tomorrow we one day older.
f) The Egyptians inventive people. .*
Se
537%
:
%
cK
ie e2 8 ee 4
°
$j4
= ©
as os
.SX N. i
§
oe? * tau aes % \ i
‘Tienes: ok R \
bs ee PTL a | 7
o) Wease eects
aeeer''t
*% if é ‘. 1q '
ae as
4 vas, _’ ‘ ; Ss ¥
# a ea ‘ " .
Making sure @ 2,
A
1. Copy the sentences. Chose the correct doing verb \Ng
from the brackets to fill each space.
a) If you the ball | will it. (catch/throw)
b) Cork on water but metal . (floats/sinks)
c) A customer things but a shopkeeper them.
(buys/sells)
d) A captain and the team _ . (leads/follows)
e) The child the heavy weight and then it.
(dropped/lifted)
f) The woman a hole and then it in again.
(filled/dug)

2. Copy the sentences. Underline the being verb in each one.

a) Samir is a tall boy. b) The doctor was late.
Cc) Tomorrow will be Sunday. d) The Vikings were good fighters.
e) How are you today? f) |am tired.

Practise your punctuation

1. Punctuate the sentences in this story correctly.

sooty looked up at the table hungrily

the budgerigar was in its cage on the
table the cat jumped up the bird was
frightened mrs sharp heard all the noise
and ran into the room she was very
angry with the cat

. In the sentences you have written:

a) underline the doing verbs
b) circle the being verbs
 + tsi “
ot a CF es ;
4 ee AS
" Se
¥ ae Pea
spe x ‘
¥ % ;ee
ce % es
ae = :ae
ye Se
y >i eal
% arte = fees 4
Ey = heer © =4 ‘
& 1h Reet 5. deommaiell
A EE ae a

vere rrr eet

eee reese tier eseete

soevee cf
. eae eeee sets iter
*
.
'.
ld
.

seeeeet
eee caaet nets?
‘

J AA
Sa, ieee OCT CLS eee t= tt lols ewr et

3 A
qe , **
| &g 4 5) ‘
eg + +
* eaeee hee ee seeveeet
tc ieeeeee
a, i . Gieeee
/ inte h
u »
oe g
rs ié
ae fl
‘

Cae eS

1. Which of the following are sentences? Which are phrases?

List the sentences. Then list the phrases.
a) A ghostly sea captain spoke to the girl.
b) the silver fish
c) The ship sank into the sea.
d) The dog chewed the bone.
e) this morning
f) yes
g) King Henry was fond of sport.
h) The sun came out.
i) Stand up.
j) The girl ran out of the cave.
Making sure — tec.
1. Choose a suitable Baraca cn ne Boe to complete each sentence.

in its cage because of the fog through the town

over the wall at night after the rain

a) The zoo keeper put the vulture back

b) The soil was very wet
c) Three girls climbed
d) Owls come out to hunt
e) The fire spread
f) The football match had to be oapeelied

2. Make up six sentences. Include one of these phrases in each one.

under the sea down the hill at midnight

outside the house in the woods because of the cold

: Practiseyour punctuation
Bewnite these pairs of sentences.
Exchange the verbs in each pair so that
the sentences make sense.
1. The lady laid an egg. The hen fried an egg. |
_ The man boiled his scarf. The cook lost the potatoes. /,
. Fishes trot. Horses swim.

. The goat sang the grass. The girl ate the song.
 Pee

BERS
4
pa

PE
™”ee

5m 2m
Adjectives

The dragon came out of the cave. SA Se ae

The fearsome, fiery dragon came out of the huge, dark cave.

Practice
Copy the sentences. Choose the most suitable adjective from the
brackets to fill each gap.
1. The beggar wore clothes. (poor, wet, dirty, new)
2. The giant lived in an castle. (ugly, cold, old, blue)
3. The girl ate a apple. (purple, little, juicy, hairy)
4. The lady smiled as she sat on the bench.
(wooden, cheerful, red, rubber)
5. The cat chased the mouse. (fat, dry, noisy, tiny)
6. The monster had a nose . (wobbly, long,
strange, metal)
7. The clown tripped over his boots. (funny, thin,
heavy, big)
8. A hedgehog walked up the path. (narrow, high,
prickly, quiet) ——_ bee
| so

cain
Making sure
1. Copy the sentences. Leave out the adjectives. —
mv
a) The brave knight fought the fiery dragon. a.a, y.
lb) The mighty wind ripped up the old tree. a

c) Some green racing cars sped along the wide track.

d) Where have the gigantic dinosaurs gone?
e) The small wooden boat was tossed about by the rough sea.
f) A strange little man with a pointed hat sang a sad song.

' so _ — Sea teiat

2. Copy the sentences. Put in some adjectives to make ©

them more interesting.
a) The dog ate the bone. b) The boy climbed the tree.
c) A burglar forced the d) A police officer chased
door open. the robber.
e) The girl went out on her bike. f) The house was in the woods.

Practise your punctuation

Punctuate this passage correctly.
Each time you come to the adjective nice, replace it with a
more interesting word.

saturday was a nice day youssef dressed in

some nice clothes he called for alice she lived

park youssef bought a nice ice cream alice :

bought a nice bag of chips they played on the <<
ye. swings and had a nice time ‘
 * z*
se a*
+2

Copy the sentences. Underline the subject and circle the verb in
each one. The first one has been done for you.
1. Sandra a fairy. oni * a
Hp [Ae dena) $9 as “ewer R 4

. Dogs bark. dg ig
. Tortoises eat lettuce.
. The helicopter crashed.
. Eddie followed the strange troll.
. Charlie found some gold.
. The snake slid through the grass.
. Sam won the race.

waa
GO
5-1
|
al)
OC)
1)
O08
SO). Curry is my favourite dinner.
10. Jack and Jill went up the hill.
Making
1. Think of a suitable subject to complete each sentence. Underline the
verb in each sentence.
Q) _ IS a. good friend. b) swung through the
WRSES.
C) hunt for food d) has lovely
at night. handwriting.
e) buried the treasure. _ f) scared the children.
2. Think of a suitable sentence ending to go with each subject.
Underline the verb in each sentence.
a) The proud princess
b)) The submarine _
c) Humpty Dumpty
d) A roaring dragon
e) Some old people
f) The strong wind

tise your punctuation

1. Match the subjects and sentence endings.
Punctuate the sentences you make correctly.

Subjects Sentence endings

a) penguins give us milk cheese butter and cream
b) little jack horner has very sharp teeth
c) a shark are black and white and live in
the antarctic
d) the space monster — sat in the corner
e) gary stardust had a pointed head and green teeth
f) Cows sang a pop song to the crowd

. In the sentences you have written:

a) underline the verbs
b) circle the subjects
 ral

one rattle —_ two rattles one baby _ two babies

to make them p
TT kee ryt LOTT LL aeeri ss11 beeen) LA SSeeet La eeeet) | ame ree)
the y
_we change
bee ree |) Le earth ee kere

FNCUCE cer: pocemenit

Copy and complete this chart.

school
fly
cars
factories
city
picture

lorry

lady
Making sure

The eye asleep. __The babies are asleep.

Take care when you change the subject of a sentence into the plural.
The subject of the sentence and the verb must always agree.
1. Copy the sentences. Change the subject of each sentence into
the plural. Make the verb agree with the subject.
a) The fly is on the table. b) The door was open.
c) The story is boring. d) The lorry was speeding.
e) The dog is barking loudly. f) The factory has lots of windows.

2. Copy the sentences. Change the subject of each sentence into

the singular. Make the verb agree with the subject.
a) The pictures are very well b) The families were sitting on
painted. the beach.
c) The walls were very dirty. d) The ponies are galloping round
the field.
e) The cars are moving on to f) The cities are full of heavy
the ferry. traffic.

Practise your punctuation

1. Copy the sentences. Make the verb in each sentence agree
with the subject. Punctuate each sentence Coty
a) the pennies was in the purse .
b) some tigers is roaming through the trees
c) ) a horse were eating a carrot
d) the baby were drinking a bottle of milk / a,
e) lorries cars ships and aeroplanes is all means of Pansport
f) ponies has manes

2. Now underline all the plural nouns in the sentences.

 Exclamation Marks

*
eneevr
yemeee®

tw

Which of these are exclamations? Which are questions?

List the exclamations. Then list the questions.

Come here quickly!

Where are you going?

How do they
do that?
Look what
| have found! Why are you
sad?
What do you think each person is saying? Write it down.
Remember the exclamation marks.

. IS it safe to open the door now

. do not do that
. come here
. what do you think you are doing
. hands up this is a robbery
. what is for tea
. that is a nasty cut
. help | am trapped in the mud
 Verb Tenses
(past and present)

Cores
Today Tort is rowing his boat.

Copy the sentences. Underline the verb in each one.

Show whether it is in the present tense or the past tense.
The first one has been done for you.
Ben is finishing his homework. (present tense)
Rosie is helping her mum.
Joe read a good book yesterday.
The mouse squeaked loudly.
On Saturday we walked to the shops.
The boy smiled at the girl.
On holiday | visited France.
The log floated down the river.
oe
ae
ee. Emma is sitting in the sun.
10. The frog hopped on to the rock.

20,
Making sure

jump shout talk help float play

skip hop laugh act

1. Write a pair of sentences using each verb.

In the first sentence, the verb should be in the present tense.
In the second sentence, the verb should be in the past tense.
The first one has been done for you. |

Today Sam is jumping. ee gee

{EN “SS \ Take

Giegee.
) Some of the verbs in \
’ \thepast tense do oi
aefollow the rules!

Tom is
se
Tom skipped
Tom is cooking
Tom is catching
Tom ate

Practise your punctuation

1. Punctuate each sentence correctly. ¢
a) the children are climbing a tree of
b) beth is sucking her thumb a
c) andy and dan are playing in the park
d) | am writing a poem about a butterfly
e) the dog is chasing the postman
2. Underline the verb in each sentence.

3. Rewrite each sentence, changing the verb into the past tense.
E
.
*
4
*.

it
.
oF

carefully — quietly crossly soundly noisily quickly

1. Complete each sentence with a suitable adverb from the box.

a) | eat crisps o
b) | listen
c) | sleep
d) | whisper
e) | run
f) | argue : FEI eo
2. Copy the sentences. Underline the adverb in each one.
a) The rain fell heavily. b) The river flowed rapidly.
c) The boy spoke rudely. d) Shahla was dressed smartly.
e) The time passed slowly. f) Cross the road safely.
g) The girl sang loudly. h) The nurse treated me gently.

22,
1. Form an adverb from each adjective.
The first one in each group has been done for you.
a) deep —> deeply _b) light c) proud
d) clever e) glad f) fierce
g) clear h) slow

i) humble—»humbly j) noble k) gentle

l) simple m) feeble n) horrible (/
0) sensible 0) terrible ,

q) happy —» happily r) angry S) heavy

t) hungry u) lucky v) merry
Ww) easy x) lazy |

2. Copy and complete these adverb webs.

a) b)

hungrily

1. Punctuate this passage correctly.

i the children were throwing things running ¢

; vi shouting and laughing what a noise mrs turner ne
“walked quickly down the corridor she stormed
_ angrily into the room mrs turner shouted loudly
~ the noise stopped suddenly the children slowly
returned to their seats and got on quietly with?
their work
2. Now underline all the adverbs in the passage.
. Copy the sentences.
Underline the subject in each one. Circle the verb.~
a) My brother plays loud music.
b) Joanne sings very well.
c) |!am sailing my boat this morning. ra
d) The passengers are boarding the bus.

. Now write the sentences in the pasttense. -

The first one has been done for you.
Yesterday my brother played loud music.

. Make up a sentence including each of these phrases.

a) on the dinosaur b) in the water c) last night
d) when the dragon e) after a time f) with a fork

. Copy the chart, and write each noun in the correct column.

bird Coronation Street house MrsFinch — February

day Jupiter holiday Fernbank Junior School Holland
Diwali mother snow Joanne envelope King John

. Think of a suitable adverb to complete each sentence.

a) Mark behaved very
b) The crowd shouted
c) Last night the rain fell very
d) The elephant lumbered along.

2h
6. Copy and complete this chart.

swimmer
army
city
ESS SEA eee Sigs ak RIS TASS

7. Choose a suitable adjective from the box to make

each sentence more interesting.

playful tall crowded = stormy — serious _ bright

a) The puppy in the park was very ,

b) The car and the lorry were involved in a accident.
c) The trees in the forest made it seem very dark.
d) Tom was blinded by the sunlight.
e) The weather made the ferry crossing very unpleasant.
f) It was difficult to move because the streets were so

8. Copy the sentences. In each sentence, underline the being verb

and circle the doing verb. !
a) Alvin Moonburst is a pop singer who sings very well.
b) The Romans were good soldiers who-fought bravely.
c) Dogs bark loudly but they are good pets.
d) The doctor came when | was unwell.
e) |ama good speller and score full marks in tests.
f) Toffees are my favourite sweets and | eat lots of them.
Fitzherbert knew that Fitzherbert was different from the others.
Fitzherbert knew that he was different from the others.

Copy these sentences. Use pronouns from the boxes to complete

them.
1. The children were sad when were told off.
2. Rachel said that was fed up.
he, him
oe Die like chips? Yes, do! he, him
4. Pass the ball to , tom shouted.
5. Katie asked Harry to give a sweet.
6. When Dan got home watched television.
7. Where is the ball? is under the chair.
8. Come with are going shopping,
the girls said. | you |
9. The birds flew away when the cat chased
10. Lisa smiled at Dan. smiled back at

|, me
Making sure
Copy the sentences. Replace: oe FF,the underlined nouns with
a pronoun. The first one has been done for you.
1. Pick up your book and put your book on the desk. —
Pick up your book and put it on your desk. 1@s moo
2. My sister and | are going on holiday because g ae .
my sister and | like the sun. |
. Ben knew exactly what to do when Ben saw the robber. |

. When the girl walked in the rain the girl got wet.
. Mrs Blake gave Tom a hug because Mrs Blake loved Tom.
. The race was very important. The race turned out to be very exciting.
ee).
ee
Pe
19)
Sp
mel After the woman had read the book the woman returned the book
to the library.
8. Ann and | spent the night at a hotel. Ann and | left the next morning.

_ Practise your.punctuation.
1. Punctuate these sentences correctly.
a) we live in a big house with a large garage | keep
a bike a sledge a go-kart and some footballs in it
b) pull the rope hard if you let it go the post will fall over
c) the television programme bored me it was very dull
even the adverts were boring they were too old
d) we went to the match mr smart gave us a lift
e) joe asked mrs crown the way to the shop
she told him how to get there
f) give me an apple please

. Now underline all the pronouns

in the sentences.
 ate
Le saabdeetess i iiiseeeesse:
eeOet8Liscseret Tes
oseeee? ee
Laser
del eTeet Til
Te La{eober
cettast
4 hiss
eeenrt
e ett
baer PTere
titiaesee
|. ae
testes
re yibes<
beetoes
ce
rere | eeere
eeTe
ett eee reetee
ake eee Syeecseesessl
Sees eeees
cl elec
peeeeecessaapestccts
eet eee
Lee eekaet
*

ETT hor PoC Laeeee

Pelt bee eke
eer ere 6lL oeeererert
aa ts ee 4: ee
llLLaest
seveere pees eters tt eeeveet? Lake eee TT
o2 Ogee? Oe ae
oonaeee renteeeLai eqeeeeeee®
ee Cee
ction is a wi saneyet tees tl yess eet
: i ‘

The dragon went on a journey.

The dragon left the man to guard his treasure.

Practice
Make each pair of sentences into one longer sentence.
Use either the conjunction and or the conjunction but.
1. The gorilla looked fierce. It was really rather tame.
Jack went to the shop. He bought a comic.
The referee blew the whistle. The game began.
My favourite food is chips. You prefer baked beans.
The lion chased the zebra. It sprang on to its back.
It rained heavily. The game continued.
Mum grabbed her umbrella. She went out into the rain.
Gary did ten spellings. He got two wrong.
Making sure.
1. Make each pair of sentences into one longer sentence.
Use either the conjunction because or the conjunction so.
a) | went to bed early. | was tired. _b) | felt sick. We hurried home.
c) It was raining. We could not d) Dan washed his hands. They
go out. were dirty.
e) Jack overslept. He was late f) | want something to eat. | am
for work. hungry.
g) The dog barked. A cat was h) There was a fire. We shouted
coming. for help.

2. Copy the sentences. Underline the conjunction in each one.

a) Mark kept on trying until he passed his driving test.
b) | hurt my leg when | was playing football. Oo
te / Ce
ie 4 y Ly ¢
Lig
yy =
3

c)) You must wash up before you go to bed.

d)) | have felt ill since | ate the cake you made. COR . :
© "OSD a
r) orf
oa

e) | washed the car while you were asleep. =

erm
_ =
wie
7. 2
d

_,Practise your punctuation

1. Punctuate these pairs of sentences correctly.
a) the haunted house was old it stood in the middle ‘
of a dark forest
b) the footballer was injured he was taken to hospita
c) the dragon was angry it was caught in a trap
d) the man was lucky he won the lottery
e) the wind was strong it blew down several trees
f) the child was frightened he ran away to london

. Now rewrite the pairs of sentences.

Make them into one sentence.
The first one has been done for you.
The old haunted house stood in the middle of a dark forest.
There were three cars.
The second car was an estate car.
Joe liked the red car best.
He was very excited when he bought it.

1. Copy the sentences. Choose a suitable colour, number or

order adjective to complete each one.
a) | bought a bunch of bananas. th’
b) | won first prize and Billy won the prize. Go id
c) Calum bought a bag of cherries. NY 4,
d) It takes people to make a quarrel.
4
e) In autumn, leaves fall from the trees.
f) The swan was as as snow. 2
g) Sophie’s skirt was as as grass.
h) There are players in a football team.
t
S
:
PRY
ay ty
Ei r |
¢$ ’
A
ot aes,
* pal
saath
heeeted litt
ay
iaae ‘Veta eae
4 }
Sis Saas ak tat, aaa
‘tae Ru ae tie
wh et oy Hats rt
atee pS"
- ; th :
. | rT
z
ay eee
‘ 4
3 eo) a3 a8
bee!

RaLepeeey.
Makingst
1. Find a suitable ending for each of these sentences.
Write the sentences.
a) | felt angry when ... b) Ali felt excited when ...
c) Jane was jealous when ... d) At school! was bored when ...
e) He felt brave because ... f) The small boy was lonely when ...
g) Mrs Smith was worried h) The burglar was surprised
because... when ...
i) | would feel shy if ... j) The cat was curious when ...

2. Say which you think is better. 3. Say which you think is worse.
Explain why. Explain why.
a) Being pleased or S @ a) Being gloomy or
being delighted LA being miserable
b) Being happy or being ecstatic b) Being annoyed or
c) Being interested or being being furious
fascinated c) Being scared or being terrified

Practise your,punctuation
. Punctuate these sentences correctly.
a) have you ever felt lazy have you ever
wanted to stay in bed all day
b) dan felt happy he felt contented satisfied
pleased and delighted all at the same time
c) edward threw the ball at sue unfortunately it missed and
hit the window crash mr clark appeared at the door looking
very angry
d) it was shireens ninth birthday she had invited four friends
to her party sam nazma dan and dean all came

. Now underline all the adjectives in the sentences you

have written.
shiiitangeetasebersicsezisceeeest The alien had two curly horns on its head.
Between its eyes it had a pointed nose.
Under its nose was a large mouth with
sharp teeth.

Practice

ee ee —— = ——

into between behind in on above’ beside under

Copy the sentences.

Choose a suitable preposition from the box to complete each one.
1. The green alien is the spacecraft.
2. The red alien is the ladder.
3. The orange alien is climbing the spacecraft.
4. The blue alien is the spacecraft.
5. The yellow alien is the spacecraft and the rock.
6. The purple alien is the rock.
7. The pink alien is the rock
8. The brown alien is flying the rock.

92,
Making sure
Think of a suitable preposition to complete each sentence.
1. Tara received a lovely present her aunt.
2. John draped his coat a chatr.
3. The pirate gold was buried the ground.
4. Mrs West turned off the light her bed.
5. The car raced the dog at great speed.
6. Jamal ran the race track twice.
7. The robber threw the stone the shop window. = 4
8. The car crashed | the traffic lights.
9. The lottery money was divided two winners. fe e 2
10. The magician pulled a rabbit his hat.

_ Practise your punctuation

1. Match these sentence beginnings and endings.
Write the sentences. Punctuate them correctly.
a) in march the farmer put a fence off his horse
b) jenny and jake sailed their boat through the woods
c) the jockey fell round his field
d) our dog smudge ran into the icy water
e) the swimmer dived across the road
f) on sunday ben walked his dog down the river

2. Now underline the preposition in each sentence.

Adjectives
(comparatives and superlatives)

s ve Sd
isa comparati
Thi is asuperla
This jeelivesni tive
earl Lees et 71 4.o)e ert bee Lob ee nee 28 e owe teers Li veweree
tet lien pee

adjective.— nissssssesses
ef moe eee
eC eeet
Leer st.
ert toe eeeee
eT Lo te 1 Laaeeeeee
eeretl et eee® 8= nga tet OS esate
Aare eT?
Leer. a eeeee. eee ee
be eOe TTL Lee a OTe TL eee tT e Leen aerorr rte

“adjectives
endiner. adjectives endinest.
seeet ee eee ee eee eee
eee TT he ee eee eee Ch ee eee eee 09 e 0s.on ee
pe PEATE) ee
eee ete 40a ee errr
eee

8 TL eee
oer OeT T
TIO
oe eer Ts
OST +) e eer Tl
~eeedet
eeeeet 1avees)8=—.
er ore S
oees 1See
eerie Ott
Oe eete rr at"

wee = Superlative — ay thee

adjective
smallest
newer
slowest
faster
wildest

longest
rounder

sha rpe st
eS eso
 1. Write the comparative and superlative forms of each adjective.
The first one in each group has been done for you.
Qa) wise—» wiser —> wisest b) brave
c) safe d) pale e) strange
f) tame g) white h) large

i) hot» hotter —> hottest j) big

k) fat l) red m)sad
n) wet 0) thin p) slim

q) busy —» busier —-» busiest r) heavy

S) noisy t) lucky u) pretty
v) happy w) ugly x) dry

2. Copy the sentences. Choose the correct comparative or

superlative adjective to fill each space.
a) Arhinoceros is fat. A hippo is but an elephant is ;
b) Ann is pretty. Kim is but Sam is
c) My rabbit is tame. My catis ___——sdbbut my a is

1. Punctuate these sentences correctly.

a) gorillas live in africa they are taller stronger fiercer
and heavier than humans
b) the three aliens approached the red one was hairy and
the blue one was hairier still but the eel one was une y
hairiest thing | have ever seen uy

2. In the sentences you have written:

| a) underline the comparative adjectives
| b) circle the superlative adjectives
 Opposites
(verbs)

CER TeOOPLSE orlTES e PR

Uk ieeeeeeTTES Liss
ae ee bee tT reeeeee
TL Lise eet UTh. Lika beet? lLitbeee*
ee ee aeeet eee EwECTTT
sees tRt i ethics eeeeeEtehiaaeeeee

Opposite:
eaererteleaseeee?
+

eee
ener?

frb
as different as possi
ee Ad eee?

eke
eh.
omleac
CTs
peaer

ee Tere
bee eee ¢**

ke OPhe
te bbe oO £97 T 1
teeeeees

re whee
eet te Leena
Leeeettt

OUT Ee s ae
tet
eee OSSE

reeet
*
L.A TF§ bee's

eet
Tih.
ane i?
©So") Toes

Te eee ttle
cheeet Oe 8 7 Leeds
baperes 4489 ES* aeee
oo bee Loew

me

The bus driver unloaded the luggage.

Practice
1. Write the opposite of each of these verbs by adding the prefix un.
The first one has been done for you.
qa) wrap unwrap b) pack c) dress
d) do e) tie f) cover
g) buckle h) bolt

2. Rewrite these sentences. Change each verb to give the sentence

the opposite meaning.
a) Maria packed her case on Saturday.
lb) Anhmed soon got dressed.
c) The knight buckled his belt.
d) The old lady unbolted the door.
e) Sue unwrapped the present carefully. ¢
Making sure
1. Write the opposite of each of these verbs by adding the prefix dis.
The first one has been done for you.
a) trust distrust b) agree c) like
d) obey e) connect f) please
g) appear h) allow i) arm

2. Rewrite these sentences. Change each verb to give the sentence

the opposite meaning.
a) Suddenly, as if by magic, the fluffy white rabbit appeared.
b) The football players all agreed with the referee.
c) | really like sprouts. ae,
d) The plumber called to connect the water supply. + Y,
e) Children always obey their parents! a
f) Tom knew just how to displease his teacher.
g) The referee disallowed the goal.
h) The bandits were soon disarmed.
i) The police officer distrusted the shopkeeper.

Practise your punctuation _—

1. Punctuate these sentences correctly. ed
a) mr barnes filled the watering can :
b) joe carra mark and shireen arrived on friday Ki
c) when did you sell that lovely picture
d) mrs simons lost her purse in the grass
e) the children whispered to each other
f) the soldiers captured some spies

. In the sentences you have written:

a) underline the verbs ae
b) change each verb to give the sentence the
opposite meaning, and write the new sentence.
 Apostrophes
(contractions)

1. Write these out in full. The first one has been done for you.
a) couldn’t could not b) haven’t
Cc) aren’t d) isn’t
e) hasn’t f) don’t

’m is short for am ’s is short for is ’ll is short for will

’ve is short forhave’ ’re is short for are ’d is short for would

2. Write each of these next to its contraction.

Q) itis b) we are c) | have d) she would

e) we will f) who is g) |!am h) you have
i) you are j) | would k) we have l) heis

Contractions
’'m l’ve 'd he’s she’d you're
we've it’s who’s we're you’ve we'll
Making sure —
1. Copy each sentence, ati Bonnets words instead of
contractions. The first one has been done for you.
a) I’ve got a new bike. I have got a new bike.
b) I’m going to France.
c) She’s a good swimmer.
) Is no good. You'll have to try harder.
e) We're having a great time.
f) I’m sure you’d like it.
g) We'll all do it together.
h) It isn’t fair. Q

2. Copy each sentence, writing a contraction where possible.

The first one has been done for you.
a) Do not do it! Don't do it! b) | have not got any money.
c) The tigers were not very fierce. d) | will call for you later.
e) Who is that? f) We have scored two goals.
g) | would help if | could. h) They are in bed.

oti your.punctuation
1. Punctuate this conversation correctly.

emma: Ive got a good joke do you want to hear it

edward: | hope its a good one
emma: what do you call a camel with three humps
edward: | dont know
emma: humphrey
edward: thats the worst joke youve ever told me

2. Now underline any contractions In

the sentences you have written. 7 Helio. ate e
lm Humphrey! 7 “yy
 Sentences
(subject and predicate)

8we)
vehhe eer ieesesssestecetesaetetes
OOS
ee ee Ee see en 8 eee ee Sere
ee, 0 00 Tee Or eke ee tee
peuRisecetstt soseeestitemseeess yorecaaepeeettsiserse7
ek toe
seatti ics
649 Fee
eee go eee
eT Tce teeee
te eegee
neet eter
tei
tte ties tee
08 ore te
egse
cre 5 ee ea ewet?
:
Lass
PSPS Ul isere

13533 f
ide ee
e064 £2 eT boas 68 Tt ee teehee es

PGCCC. cut
Match these subjects and predicates to make simple sentences.
Write the sentences. The first one has been done for you.
ee line snake. bake bread.
2. Agrey cat > visited the sick child.
3. Bakers N~N chugged out of the harbour.
4. Comedians ‘“ i hid in Sherwood Forest.
5. Robin Hood -S slithered through the grass.
6. My pet dog jumped over our fence.
7. Some fishing boats tell jokes.
8. The busy doctor was chewing a bone.

{ The snake slithered through the grass.

Making sure...
1. Copy these sentences. In each one, circle the subject and ‘ab
underline the predicate. Every predicate should havea verb. .\yaa!
a) My youngest brother eats a lot of pizzas. :
b) The big black crow flew into the clear blue sky.
c) A fierce wild dog snarled at the frightened boy.
d) Three strong men pushed the car back on to the road.
e) Some straggly sheep were grazing in the field.
f) Kieran and Jayesh ran into the cave as fast as they could.
g) The new dentist inspected my teeth.
h) The teacher in the playground blew the whistle.
i) Asmall fishing boat was battered by the huge waves.
j) The metal robot moved with strange clanking sounds.

2. Now tick the verbs in the sentences you have written.

a) the hungry tiger pounced on sara (WP Fa SG,

b) the guide dog found the injured explorer on top of “¢
the icy mountain
c) the police officer chased the young burglar
d) a red sports car crashed into the back of the coach
e) the dragon ate prince rupert for breakfast
f) the wise old wizard turned tess into a toad

. Rewrite the sentences, changing the subject in each.

The first one has been done for you.
Sara pounced on the hungry tiger.
 *
f:B a

|
dj a
os
s Ffhf
es
2%
i

a ec
| would i a of soup
What sort “Til have the
soup, please. _/ | have you got? \ po} i
Py see =) Suaneeatcleeneeeree rae {iar :ae
J Ba Which soup \ | 4 i You can have \ | S27 "ll go and )
Oy would you like? / | 7 3
tomato soup or a get it for you
» Ve Fa ot =
K\ vegetable soup. wy
us

y a

1. The lady said, | would like some soup, please.

2. The waitress asked, Which soup would you like?
3. The lady replied, What sort of soup have you got?
4. The waitress said, You can have tomato soup or vegetable soup.
5. The lady said, I’ll have the tomato soup.
6. The waitress replied, I’ll go and get it for you.

42
Making sure
Copy the sentences, putting in what you think each person
is saying.

1. The doctor asked, “ ” 2. The man shouted, “ | i

The woman shouted back, “_ 9

Sh, Diolp) Sieiie, : 4. Mrs Franks asked, “ ss

Lisa answered, “ Joanne replied, “

Practise your punctuation

Punctuate these sentences correctly.

1. the troll roared why are you walking on my bridge

dan replied Im walking because | cant fly
. the car mechanic said theres a problem with the steering
wheel mrs monk asked,can you mend it by saturday ”
. mr ford said you can have hamburger pizza curry or fish fingers
for tea john answered Ill have hamburger and chips please
. the teacher asked where do you think youre going
beth said Im going home for dinner
. jo asked what do you call someone who has jelly and custard
in their ears carra said | dont know jo smiled and said
a trifle deaf
 Positive and
Negative Sentences

4
r

e. tity ith es ties

t144- tse. ee® e ssees thsti terei ititie ettt stetet hisslt cee
ert) ssettes eoenerre es aeepetis bes Tr
erees ca ettedeTi seet aEeehrti Te yece ae
|
4

Lae
bareqeee? toeee bee et Ct ceseee es .ooeeee ee? ©

I like I don't like

the picture. the picture.

aeseet Th tte t ies: erses ees ees

errr ip hese 68 =
eee eee eitesi serseeee rie seet tt er
teseet
tite eetey ie heetties . Wiss eree trtehi sstact rn
sabessi: tasett ee S
ITI pert ti t ite ttt
.
esbethos eicittes eet ee eitaSee ott S2ES
Sete et , ts

* .
werece -eeeee e were
sioe* saaeet see Soeaee hee. awee® aaev? Se ceseet? + sos eee?
ded
-sieee ——< ee Oe 28 eee a eee

Practice
: whe ther each sent ence Is
1. Decide i iti
The first one has been done for Pia eal ah
i
a) | am fond of spi
b) | can’t finish ae aos
c) | don’t like Swaine
d) The sun isn’t very ‘tah
e) Those animals are vey tam
f) Paris is not in Scotland 7
g) Gary can’t ride a Biever
H) These questions are sa
Sasha is the best speller f the cla SS
j) Camping is allowed in the forest

| a
.

I am not fond of spiders.

Making sure
1. Make each of these sentences negative. You may need to
change them a little. The first one has been done for you.
a) The dragon blew smoke through its nostrils.
The dragon did not blow smoke through its nostrils.
b) Olivia plays the guitar.
c) The fire burned for three days.
d) The giraffe ate the leaves from the tree.
e) Mr Jones caught the last bus home.

2. Make each of these sentences positive.

a) The washing did not dry very well. Oe
b) Henry was not a king of England.
c) Please don’t wear your best clothes.
d) The hedgehog does not hibernate in winter. 4
e) It’s not true! ™~
Pg eee

Practise your punctuation

1. Punctuate this passage correctly. as
rabbits do not come out to feed early inthe morning they
dont sleep during the day in their burrows their ears arent
very long so rabbits cant hear very well they can not easily
escape from their enemies because they are not able to run
very fast rabbits dont have sharp front teeth they do not like
nibbling carrots and lettuces |

2. Now rewrite the passage using only positive sentences.

 Progress Test B

1. Complete each of these sentences with a suitable colour, order

or number adjective.
a) There are cars. b) The fourth car is
c) The car is green. d) The third car is
e) The yellow car is f) The fifth car is

2. Copy each of these phrases and underline the preposition.

a) playing in the park b) sitting on a chair
c) running through the woods d) flying over the sea
e) swimming under the water f) standing by a tree
g) stopping outside a shop h) going up the stairs

3. Copy these pairs of sentences. Replace each of the underlined

nouns with a suitable pronoun from the box. You can use each
pronoun more than once.

them it him they she her

a) The boy could not carry the box. The box was too heavy for
the boy.
b) Mrs Bryant bought a new car. Mrs Bryant paid a lot for
the new car.
c) The firefighters fought the fire. The firefighters took a long time
to put the fire out.
d) Hannah keeps goldfish. Hannah feeds the goldfish every day.
e) Sam and Ben have a dog called Sally. Sam and Ben take
Sally for walks.
4. Make each pair of sentences into one longer sentence.
Choose a conjunction from the brackets.
a) Dad bought a new suit. It was too big for him. (and/but)
b) It was an easy test. | finished it quickly. (if/so)
c) | have a drink. | am thirsty. (and/when)
d) You will be late for school. You do not hurry. (because/if)
e) Sam picked an apple. She ate it straight away. (and/but)
f) The lady put up her umbrella. It was raining. (until/oecause)

5. Copy these sentences. In each sentence, circle the subject and

underline the predicate.
a) My sister can stand on her head.
b) Our classroom has thirty desks.
c) The sun shone brightly all day.
d) The flag was very colourful.
e) Several horses galloped around the field.
f) The big brown dog is barking furiously.
g) Youssef wrote a good story.
h) The noisy children were playing football.

6. Each of the sentences above is positive.

Change each one into a negative sentence.

7. Copy and complete this chart.

_Sup
8. Add dis, mis or un at the beginning of each verb to give it
the opposite meaning.
a) obey b) understand c) screw
d) lock e) approve f) appear
g) behave h) read i) load
a k) own - |) do
n) connect * 0) calculate

9. Match these sentence beginnings and endings.

Write each sentence correctly.

a) A phrase is the main person or thing

in the sentence.

b) Every sentence is used to compare two nouns.

c) The subject is a small group of words that

does not make sense on its own.

d) We use a plural gives more meaning to a verb.

e) The present tense of a verb takes the place of a noun.

f) An adverb when we are talking about

more than one thing.

g) A pronoun tells us what is happening now.

h) A comparative adjective must contain a verb.

48
Focus on language skills with <) Collins

The step-by-step solution

to spelling success

The Step- eee

eeele ner

on Comprehension

The step-by-step solution

to building grammar and
punctuation skills

The step-by-step solution

to building spelling and
vocabulary skills

The step-by-step solution

to building writing skills - a

me
+-

:
aaeae

Yaa egy
oon W
onWritinge,e
 The step-by-step solution
to building grammar and -
On Grammar
and Puretuatton | punctuation skills

For ages

Written to develop essential grammar and punctuation skills, 6-11+

this five book course:
Supports National Literacy Framework and
National Curriculum objectives
Explains key grammatical concepts clearly and concisely with the
help of easy-to-understand illustrations

Builds skills step-by-step with fun, stimulating activities

Includes regular Progress Tests for extra revision and practice

_ Collins Focus on Grammar and Punctuation

Pony aE - Z 2 é = a

' Grammarand:
| Punctuations, jj
Book 2”

Introductory Book ISBN 0 00 713208 5

Book 1 ISBN 0 00 713209 3

Book 2 ISBN 0 00 713210 7

Book 3 ISBN 0 00 713211 5 Browse the complete Collins

Book 4 ISBN 0 00 713212 3 www.collinseducat
Teacher’s Guide ISBN 0 00 718213 1