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Control Lab 4

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7 views

Control Lab 4

lab report

Uploaded by

chdanish4253
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Plotting Characteristic curve for LVDT in Level Control Training

System

Objectives:

• To understand the inner workings of the level control training system


• To familiarize with the workings of the Linear variable differential transformer (LVDT)
• To plot the characteristic curve for the Level control training system Equipment:

Equipment:

Figure 1 Schematic Diagram of Level control system

Procedure:

1. Make the circuit according to the Level control training system


2. Increase the value of set point to turn on the pump and increase the water level in the system
3. Note down the values of voltages for increasing levels of water from 5cm to 13cm with an
increment of 1cm
4. Note down the voltages for decreasing level of water from 13cm to 5cm with a decrement
of 1cm
5. Turn off the system and make the graphs for increasing and decreasing water levels and
compare for hysteresis

Circuit Representation:

Figure 2 Circuit Representation

Steps for circuitry:

1. Turn on the power supply for the level control system, ensuring that all components,
including the sensor and control unit, receive the correct operating voltage.
2. Properly connect the LVDT sensor to the system's input terminals and position it in the
correct alignment with the water tank to accurately detect changes in water level.
3. The differential voltage from the LVDT sensor is processed through an amplification
circuit to increase its strength, allowing for more precise measurement and analysis.
4. Calibrate the system by adjusting settings to establish a reference zero voltage when the
water reaches a certain predefined level, ensuring accurate correlation between water levels
and voltage.
5. As the water level changes, monitor the voltage output on the Digital Multimeter (DMM),
and use the control system to maintain or adjust the water level according to the sensor
feedback.
Table:

Level (cm) Increasing voltage (V) Decreasing voltage (V)

5 -0.1 0.2
6 0.8 1.3
7 2.0 3.6
8 3.3 4.04
9 4.6 5.2
10 5.9 6.4
11 7.1 7.7
12 8.4 9.0
13 9.6 10.1

Graphical Representation:

Figure 2: Graph for increasing and decreasing voltage.


Discussions

In the level control training system, a value of voltage against each value water level was obtained.
As the level of water increased the voltage value increased hence a liner relation between water
level and voltage was observed. The sensor used for water level was LDVT (Linear Variable
Differential Transformer) it works on the principle of mutual induction and has 2 secondary coils
when level of water increases a certain voltage difference between these two secondary coils exits
and it increases as level increases when is amplified to a measurable value. When the difference
in these two values is zero at a certain level the DMM measures zero reading.
Also, it is important to note that the concept of hysteresis applies perfectly here, it is defined as the
present output value depends on the previous output value or the path followed by it. Some thing
can be observed here, when the level of water was rising or increasing the output voltage at a
certain level was a bit smaller as compared to the when the level was decreasing for the same value
of water level. Two different values for the output for same value of input exists due to
hysteresis in the sensor.

Conclusion:

• The LVDT sensor showed a linear relationship between water level and voltage.
• It works on mutual induction, amplifying voltage differences between secondary coils.
• Hysteresis caused output voltage to vary based on whether the water level was rising or
falling.
• This introduces slight inaccuracies, as the sensor's output depends on previous
measurements.

Safety Precautions

• Do not apply too much force on the equipment, you could risk damaging it.
• Thoroughly go through emergency precautions.
• Use manual and look at equipment precaution before use.
• Inspect equipment before use and report any faults directly to the supervisor.

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