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24 views2 pages

Grade

Uploaded by

jakartakuaman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Grade-separated intersections are engineered to reduce or eliminate conflicts at intersections

by separating traffic flows vertically, which prevents vehicle paths from crossing directly.
Here are the main classifications of grade-separated intersections, commonly used in urban
planning to streamline traffic:

1. Full Interchange

 Description: Full interchanges completely separate different directions of traffic,


providing uninterrupted movement. They are generally found on highways or major
arterial roads.
 Types:
o Cloverleaf Interchange: Designed with looped ramps allowing vehicles to
change direction without stopping.
o Stack Interchange: A multilevel interchange with direct ramps connecting all
major directions.
o Trumpet Interchange: Used mainly at junctions where a major road
terminates into another, forming a T-shape.

2. Partial Interchange

 Description: These intersections allow for grade separation but not all movements are
provided by ramps; instead, they combine ramps and at-grade intersections.
 Types:
o Diamond Interchange: Common in urban areas where space is limited, this
has two at-grade intersections for entering and exiting.
o Parclo (Partial Cloverleaf): Allows left-turn movements using loop ramps,
often seen where a highway intersects with a smaller arterial road.

3. Single-Point Urban Interchange (SPUI)

 Description: SPUIs consolidate turning movements into a single intersection


controlled by traffic lights, allowing for more efficient flow in compact urban spaces.
 Application: Often used at locations with high left-turn traffic volumes, SPUIs handle
large volumes efficiently, although the initial cost is high.

4. Roundabout Grade Separation

 Description: These grade separations incorporate roundabouts at different levels to


control traffic flow in all directions without the need for traffic signals.
 Examples:
o Double Roundabout: Two connected roundabouts, sometimes separated by a
bridge or underpass, offer efficient traffic control.
o Roundabout Interchange: Used for entrances to large urban centers or
airports, it reduces the need for light signals while providing flow control.

5. Split-Level Intersections
 Description: Typically, only one or two traffic directions are grade-separated, while
other directions may have at-grade crossings. This is effective for handling high-
priority traffic flows without full interchange costs.
 Examples:
o Half Cloverleaf: Some movements are elevated or depressed, while others
remain at-grade.
o Flyover or Underpass Intersection: Allows one road to pass over another,
reducing stop-and-go traffic on the primary route.

6. High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) or Dedicated Bus Interchange

 Description: These specialized grade separations are designed to provide dedicated


lanes for HOV or buses, separating them from general traffic.
 Application: Often found in high-density areas to encourage public transport use and
reduce congestion.

Each classification offers unique benefits and is chosen based on factors such as traffic
volume, cost, available space, and the primary purpose of the intersection.

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