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Lecture 03

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18 views43 pages

Lecture 03

Engineering material

Uploaded by

businessw025
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CAM and Follower

Definition of Cam

 A cam is a rotating machine element which


gives reciprocating or oscillating motion to
another element known as follower.

 Three elements :
• Driver member – CAM
• Driven member – Follower
• Frame – to support the cam and guide the
follower
Examples of cam

• In IC engines to operate the inlet and exhaust valves


Application :
• Internal combustion engine for operating valve

• Shoe making machines

• Sawing machine

• Punch press

• Paper cutting machine

• Fuel pump diesel engine etc…


Classification of Cams

Three types :
• According to
1. Shape
2. Manner of constraint of the follower
3. Cam mechanism (I/p and O/P motion)
Classification of cams
(According to shape)

a) Radial or disc cam

b) Cylindrical cam

c) End cam

d) Wedge Cam

e) Spiral Cam

f) Spherical cam

g) Globoidal cam
Radial or Disc cam

Cam with spherical faced


Cam with knife edge follower
follower

In radial cams, the follower reciprocates or oscillates in a direction perpendicular to the cam
axis.
Cylindrical cam

Cylindrical cam with Cylindrical cam with


reciprocating follower oscillating follower

In cylindrical cams, the follower reciprocates or oscillates in a direction parallel to the cams
axis.
Cylindrical Cam………..
End Cam

It is similar to cylindrical cam in which follower


makes contact at periphery of cam.
Wedge cam

• Wedge has translation movement


• Follower can translate or oscillate
• Spring is used to maintain the contact between cam
and follower
Spiral cam

Groove is cut in the form of spiral which


guides the follower
Globoidal cam
Spherical cam

Follower oscillates about axis perpendicular to the axis of rotation of cam.


Classification of cams
(According to manner of constraint of follower)

1. Pre-loaded spring cam


Compression spring is used to maintain
the contact between cam and follower.
2. Positive drive cam

Contact between cam and follower is maintained by roller follower which operates in
groove of cam.
3. Gravity cam

Contact between the cam and follower is maintained due to the gravity or
own weight of the follower.
Classification of cams
(According to Cam mechanism)

Based on modes of Input / Output motion

Rotating cam – Translating follower

Rotating cam – Oscillating follower

Translating cam – Translating follower


Rotating cam – Translating follower
Rotating cam – oscillating follower
Translating cam – Translating follower
Classification of Followers

1. According to Shape

2. According to the path of motion of the follower

3. According to the motion of the follower


According to Shape
Knife Edge Follower
Flat Faced Follower
Roller Follower
According to the path of motion of follower

a) Radial follower

b) Offset follower
Radial follower

When the motion of the follower is along an axis passing through the Centre of the
cam, it is known as radial followers. Above figures are examples of this type.
Offset follower

When the motion of the follower is along an axis away from the axis of the cam center, it is
called off-set follower. Above figures are examples of this type.
According to Motion of the Follower

Oscillating Follower Reciprocating Follower


Motion of the follower
(Motion Program)

As the cam rotates the follower moves upward and downward.

The upward movement of follower is called rise (Outstroke)

 The downward movement is called fall (Return stroke).

When the follower is not moving upward and downward even


when the cam rotates, it is called dwell.
Type of Motion Program
• Dwell – period with no output motion with input motion.

• Rise-Fall (RF) – no dwell (think about using a crank-rocker)

• Rise-Fall-Dwell (RFD) – one dwell

• Rise-Dwell-Fall-Dwell (RDFD) – two dwells

33
Types motion of the follower

1. Uniform motion ( constant velocity)

2. Simple harmonic motion

3. Uniform acceleration and retardation motion

4. Cycloidal motion
Uniform motion (constant velocity)

• Displacement diagram: Displacement is the distance that a follower moves during


one complete revolution (or cycle) of the cam while the follower is in contact with the
cam.
• It is the plot of linear displacement (s) of follower V/S angular displacement (θ) of
the cam for one full rotation of the cam.

• A period is a part of the cam cycle and it includes the following:


Rise (Outstroke) – the upward motion of the follower caused by cam motion.
Fall (Return stroke) – the downward motion of the follower caused by cam motion.
Dwell – the stationary position of the follower caused by cam motion.
Displacement diagram
Since the follower moves with uniform velocity during its rise and fall, the slope of the displacement
curve must be constant as shown in fig
Simple Harmonic motion
Uniform acceleration and retardation
Cycloidal motion
CAM Nomenclature

• Cam profile: The outer surface of the disc cam.

• Base circle : The circle with the shortest radius


from the cam center to any part of the cam
profile.

• Trace point: It is a point on the follower, and its


motion describes the movement of the follower.
It is used to generate the pitch curve.
CAM Nomenclature………

• Pitch curve : The path generated by the


trace point as the follower is rotated about
a stationery cam.

 Prime circle: The smallest circle from the


cam center through the pitch curve
CAM Nomenclature………

• Pressure angle: The angle between the


direction of the follower movement and the
normal to the pitch curve.

• Pitch point: Pitch point corresponds to the


point of maximum pressure angle.
CAM Nomenclature………

• Pitch circle: A circle drawn from the cam


center and passes through the pitch point is
called Pitch circle

• Stroke: The greatest distance or angle


through which the follower moves or rotates

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