Bgcse Sda Answers Only
Bgcse Sda Answers Only
Bgcse Sda Answers Only
QUESTION 1 (2001)
(a)(i) Calculate the resultant force acting on the car. Show your working
F = ma
F= 500kg × 10m/s2
F = 5000N
(ii) If the friction force is 2000N, calculate the forward force acting on the car.
Show your working
x – 2000N = 5000N
x = 7000N
Forward force = 7000N
(b)After some time, the car reaches a velocity of 20m/s. How long did it take for
the car to reach this velocity? Show your working
Solution: a = 10m/s2 , v = 20m/s , u = 0m/s
𝒗−𝒖
=𝒕
𝒂
𝟐𝟎𝒎 𝟎𝒎
−
𝒔 𝒔
= 2 seconds
𝟏𝟎𝒎/𝒔𝟐
QUESTION 2
(a)The bulb slips through the electrician’s hand and falls to the ground. The
mass of the bulb is 20g. The gravitational force on a mass of 1kg is 10N.
Calculate the kinetic energy of the bulb just before it hits the ground
Height = 20m
Mass = 20g
Force = 10N
QUESTION 3
QUESTION 4
(a)Write down the names of the lenses
Lens V: Convex lens
Lens W: Concave lens
QUESTION 5
(a) Name the type of transformer
Ans: Step down transformer
(b)
𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒏𝒔 𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒊𝒍
=
𝒊𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒏𝒔 𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒊𝒍
𝒗𝟐 𝒏
= 𝒏𝟐
𝒗𝟏 𝟏
𝟏𝟐𝑽 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟐𝟒𝟎𝑽
= 𝒏𝟏
𝒏𝟏 = 2000 turns
QUESTION 6
(i) Ans: the galvanometer deflects to the left and back to zero
(ii)Ans: the galvanometer deflects to the right and back to zero
(b)Write down three ways of increasing the size of induction
Increasing the number of turns in the solenoid per unit length
Increasing the strength of magnet
Move the magnet into or out the solenoid
Insert soft iron core into the solenoid
QUESTION 7
(a)Draw a diagram to show how the experiment is set up
(d)What would happen if the copper electrodes are replaced with platinum
electrodes
(i)at the anode
Ans: oxygen bubbles are given off/ observation of bubbling at the anode
(ii)at the cathode
Ans: deposit of copper metal on the electrode surface
(iii)to the solution
Ans: blue colour of copper(II) Sulphate solution fades as Cu2+ are
discharged
QUESTION 8
(a) (i) What is a fossil fuel?
Ans: a natural fuel formed in the geological past from the remains of living
organisms
(ii)Name two fossil fuels in use at present
1. Coal
2. Oil
3. Natural gas
(b) (i) Name two elements that are found in high proportions in fossil fuels
1. Carbon
2. Hydrogen
(ii)Write an equation for the complete combustion of each elements in (b)(i)
C(s) + O2 (g) CO2(g)
2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(g)
(iii)Name another element found in fossil fuels that leads to formation of acidic
rain
Ans: Sulphur
c)Give one reason why urgent efforts are being made to find other sources of
energy as an alternative to fossil fuels
Ans: Gases produced when burning fossil fuels destroy the ozone layer
d) State one source of energy, other than direct solar energy, which may be used
as an alternative to fossil fuels
Ans: Hydroelectric power
QUESTION 9
(i)What is the advantage of having a dense network of blood capillaries in the
placenta?
Ans: To allow the exchange of food substances and waste products between
the baby and the mother
QUESTION 10
(a) Identify the parts labelled R and S
R: Hair
S: Capillary
(c)Explain why the cooling effect of T will not be felt in hot humid weather
Ans: The sweat glands are not active when the loss and gain of heat are
balanced.
QUESTION 11
(a)Name the factor being investigated
Ans: Humidity
(b)Define transpiration
Ans: The loss of water from the plant leaves through the stomata
(c)Explain how the plastic cover affects the movement of water in the capillary
tube
Ans: As the twig transpires water is lost through leaves and trapped by the
plastic, so the area around leaves become humid with time and after some
time the transpiration rate slows down because of the humid plastic cover,
so movement of water up the capillary tube slows down too.
QUESTION 12
(a)Name the structures A, B, E and F
A – Left kidney
B – Ureter
E – Aorta
F – Renal vein
(c)How does the function of structure D in women differ from that in a man
Ans: In women. Structure D only expels urine but in men it expels urine
and semen
(d) Suggest the medical assistance given to a person who has structure A
failure
Ans: Use of kidney dialysis machine
QUESTION 13
Ans: Plastics- they are non – biodegradable so they mess up the
environment and animals dies from eating them
Papers – papers are made from wood and as such plants would get
depleted if we don’t recycle papers.
Tins – they are also non – biodegradable and mess up the environment
QUESTION 14
(a)What form of energy does he gain as he goes up the tree?
Ans: Gravitational potential energy
(b) Calculate the work done by the man in climbing up the tree (take g = 10N/
kg)
Ans: work done = Force × distance
60kg = 600N
600N × 6m
= 3600Nm
(c)I he reaches the top of the tree in 10s, what power does he develop?
𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒆
Ans : Power =
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒏
𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎𝑵𝒎
Power =
𝟏𝟎𝒔
QUESTION 15
(a)Calculate the speed of sound in air
𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆
Ans: speed =
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆
𝟔𝟒𝟎𝒎
Speed =
𝟒𝒔
= 160m/s
b) How will the pitch of the original sound compare with that of the echo?
Ans: the pitch of original sound is higher than that of the echo
(c)Echo is a reflected sound so by vibrating against a medium before it bounces
back makes the waves weaker
QUESTION 16
Fig 16.1 shows two rays of light reflected from a pebble at the bottom of the
pool.
Fig 16.1
𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒆𝒑𝒕𝒉
Refractive index =
𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒅𝒆𝒑𝒕𝒉
𝟏.𝟓𝒎
Refractive index =
𝟏.𝟏𝒎
= 1.36
QUESTION 17
(a) How do the plotting compasses show that bar AB is a magnet?
Ans: the compass points are deflected
(b) Draw the magnetic field around AB
QUESTION 18
(a)Name the three wires
Name Colour
1. Live brown
2. Neutral blue
3. Earth yellow/ green
(b)Which two wires are connected to the heating element of the heater?
Ans: Live and neutral
(c)What is the function of the third wire?
Ans: To absorb excess electricity passing through the appliance(heater)
and to prevent overloading of the live wire.
𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓
Current =
𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑾
Current =
𝟐𝟓𝟎𝑽
= 4A
(ii) From the list of fuses below, choose by a tick the lowest fuse rating
suitable to be used to protect the heater
1A , 2A , 10A , 15A
𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒔
Ans: Fuse rating = × 1.25
𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆
= 4A × 1.25 = 6
QUESTION 19
(a)Use a dot and cross diagrams to draw electronic structures of
(a)Methane
(ii)Calcium Chloride
(b)Give two properties of ionic compounds
1. They form crystals
2. Have high melting and boiling points
3. High enthalpies of fusion and vaporization than molecular compounds
4. Hard and brittle
5. Conduct electricity when dissolved in water
NB: CHOOSE ONLY 2
QUESTION 20
(a)Balance the chemical equation
N2 + 3H2 ⇋ 2NH3
(b)Ans: Reaction produces/ releases heat. Energy is released when new
bonds form and energy is absorbed when bonds are broken.
(c)(i) 1: 3
x: 24
𝟑𝒙 𝟐𝟒
=
𝟑 𝟑
x = 8dm3
QUESTION 21
(a) 1. Carbon monoxide
2. Carbon dioxide
QUESTION 22
(a)What is meant by a strong acid?
QUESTION 23
(a)(i) State one problem Mpho is likely to face if he eats too much serobe
Ans: increased risk of heart disease
(ii)Explain how the problem in (i) above occurs
Ans: Hardening of arteries – occurs when fat / cholesterols and other
substances build up in the walls of arteries. Over time, these deposits
completely block arteries and cause problems throughout the body as blood
circulation would be disturbed.
(b)Explain how Dineo’s advice is sensible
Ans: Exercising uses much energy and as such cholesterol from the body is
converted or broken down to avoid build up in the arteries.
(c)Dineo also suggests that Mpho should eat his serobe with plenty of fresh
vegetables.
Give one reason why this is a good advice
Ans: Fresh vegetables are low in fat and calories and are rich in potassium
to help maintain healthy blood pressure.
QUESTION 24
(a)Name the process under investigation
Ans: Transpiration
(b)State the purpose of using oil in the experiment
Ans: To prevent water from being lost directly from the beaker
(c)(i) State the day with the highest amount of water loss
Ans: Day 6
QUESTION 25
(a) Identify structures A and B
A: Hair
B: Blood capillary
(c)(i) When the body is overheated the arterioles in the skin dilate. Explain how
this helps the body maintain a constant temperature
Ans: By dilating, blood flows closer to the surface therefore helping the
body lose heat faster and in the process maintaining a constant body
temperature
ii)Suggest how structure C is involved in maintaining a constant body
temperature during hot weather
Ans: during hot weather, sweat glands take up water from the capillaries
around it. Water collects in the gland, travels up sweat duct and comes
onto skin surface. When sweat evapourates it takes heat from the body, so
it cools it down.
QUESTION 26
(a)State how this flower is pollinated
Ans: Wind pollination
(b) Describe the path taken by the pollen grain nucleus from the stigma to the
region where fertilization takes place
Ans: pollen grains absorb liquid from the stigma and a microscopic pollen
tube grows out of the grain. This tube grows down the style and into the
ovary where it enters a small hole, micropyle in an ovule. The nucleus of
the pollen grain travels down the pollen tube and enters the ovule
QUESTION 27
(a) By what process does the heat from the water in the bottle reach her hand?
Ans: Conduction
(b)State two features of Thermos flask that reduce heat loss from the flask, and
explain how each reduces heat loss
QUESTION 28
(a)What form of energy does the bag gain as it rises?
Ans: Gravitational potential energy
(b)Calculate the work done to raise the bag to the roof. 1kg has a weight of 10N
Work done = Force × distance
= 200N × 10m
(c)Assuming no energy losses, how long would it take for the bag to reach the
roof?
𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒆
Power =
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒏
𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑵𝒎
200W =
𝒙
𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒙 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑵𝒎
=
𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟎𝟎
x = 10s
QUESTION 29
(a)
(iii)One wave is reflected by a vertical wall. What effect will this have on its
pitch?
Ans: the pitch lowers
Explain your answer
Ans: the waves lose energy and as such the pitch lowers
(b) A student stands 400m away from a vertical wall. She fires a starter pistol
and hears an echo after 2.4s. Calculate the speed of sound in the air.
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 2 ×𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙
Speed of = =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑜 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
sound
2 ×400𝑚
2.4𝑠
= 333.33 m/s
QUESTION 30
(a) Name two vertical forces acting on each diver
Force of gravity
Air resistance
(b)Explain why diver B would fall faster than diver A
Ans: Diver B experiences less resistance because he doesn’t use a parachute
while Diver B does use the parachute
QUESTION 31
(a)What would be the resistance of resistor X ?
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Ans: Rparallel = = +
𝑹𝑻 𝑹𝟏 𝑹𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= +
𝑹𝑻 𝟖 𝟐
𝟏 𝟓
=
𝑹𝑻 𝟖
𝑹𝑻 = 1.6 Ω
(b)What effect would removing the 8Ω resistor have on the brightness of the
lamp?
Ans: Increase in brightness of the lamp
Explanation: The resistance of the current would be reduced therefore
more current flows to the bulbs.
(iii) Ans: The primary reason that power is transmitted at high voltages is
to increase efficiency. The lower current that accompanies high voltage
transmission reduces resistance in the conductors as electricity flows along
the cables. This means that thin, light-weight wires can be used in long-
distance transmission
QUESTION 32
(a)(i) Write the chemical formula of a compound with structure X
Ans: NaCl
(ii)Write the chemical formula for the compound with structure Y
Ans: H2O
(b)Complete the table by naming the type of structure and bonding in X and Y
(c)Why does the compound with structure X have a high melting point, while
that with structure Y has a low melting point
X : due to strong electrostatic forces of attraction holding the crystal lattice
together
(d)Give one other property each for the compounds with the bonding in X and
Y.
X : Usually conduct electricity when molten or in aqueous state
Y : Generally, do not conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water
QUESTION 33
(a) Balance the equation
Ans: C3H8 (g) + 5O2 (g) 3CO2 (g) + 4H2O(l)
(b)Calculate the number of moles of propane that were burnt
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔
Number of moles =
𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔
𝟐.𝟎𝒈
No .of moles =
𝟒𝟒𝒈/𝒎𝒐𝒍
= 0.045 moles
(e)When the carbon dioxide produced was dissolved in water, it formed a weak
acid.
(i)What is a weak acid?
Ans: acid that produces a few hydrogen ions when it dissolves in water
QUESTION 34
(a)State two environmental problems that may be caused by the chemical
industry
1. water pollution – kills water inhabiting organisms
2. air pollution – smokes from the industries pollute the air we breathe
(d)The equation shows the reaction between alcohol and ethanoic acid and to
form P and water
(i) Name the group of organic compounds to which P belong
Ans: Esters
(ii) Draw the molecular formula of P
Ans: C4H8O2
(iii)State one physical property of P
Ans: Strong and pleasant smell
QUESTION 36
(a)(i) On Fig 11.1, show how the capillary would change if vigorous exercise is
carried out
(ii)Explain how the change you have shown helps in regulating body
temperature
Ans: As the capillaries dilate and blood flows close to the skin, heat can
easily be lost from the body hence helping regulate temperature.
(b)Describe the role of the following skin structures in cooling the body
(i)Hair : The hair lies flat when we are warm to help heat escape from the
body
(ii)Sweat glands : When the body temperature rises, sweat glands secrete
sweat to the surface. This sweat carries heat with it.
(iii)Receptors : detect temperature, if the skin detects increased heat, this
will lead to sweating
QUESTION 37
A student used three culture solutions A, B and C to investigate the necessity of
mineral salts for plant growth. Three leafy shoots were put in the culture
solutions treated as follows:
A solution with all mineral salts
B solution lacking nitrate ions
C solution lacking magnesium ions
(a)Which plant will show the healthiest growth
Ans: Plant A
(b)Describe and explain the appearance of
(i) plant B
QUESTION 38
(a)Name section B
Ans: stomach
(b)Why does the digestion of carbohydrates stop in section C?
Ans: due to absence of amylase (starch digesting enzyme)
(c)In which section does most digestion occur
Ans: section C (duodenum)
(d)State the function of section F
Ans: stores faeces before being expelled
(e)State what happens to the undigested material at G
Ans: Faeces are expelled from the body here
QUESTION 39
(i)What is the speed of the ball at the highest point?
Ans: 0m/s
(ii)Calculate the maximum height reached
𝟐𝒉
g=
𝒕𝟐
make h the subject of the formula
𝒈𝒕𝟐
h= h = 45m
𝟐
𝟏𝟎 ×(𝟑)𝟐
h=
𝟐
(iii)How long does the ball take to reach the highest point
Ans: 3 seconds
(iv)What is the energy transfer taking place as the ball falls from the maximum
height back to the thrower
Ans: From Gravitational Potential Energy to kinetic energy
(ii)Calculate the work done in moving the box along the surface
Ans: calculate distance first
Distance = speed × time
= 0.5m/s × 3s
= 1.5 m
Work done = Force × distance travelled
= 100N × 1.5m
= 150Nm
QUESTION 40
Explain how the water droplets are formed on the outer wall.
Ans: It is due to condensation. The temperature of the beaker is cold enough
to cool down the water vapour in the surrounding air, so it turns from
gaseous to liquid state.
QUESTION 41
(a) A transmitter sends out shock waves and the receiver detects an echo from
the coal deposit 2 seconds later. How deep is the coal deposit in km?
𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝟐×𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒂𝒍
Speed = =
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒐 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆
𝟐 ×𝒅
4500m/s =
𝟐𝒔
d = 2250m
d = 2.25km
QUESTION 42
(a) Name a suitable metal which could be used to make the rod
Ans: Copper
(b)Explain why the house A is more likely to be damaged by lightning
Ans: the spike rod is connected directly to the roof so if struck by lightning
the house will be affected as the house is not earthed
QUESTION 43
The reading of A3 is 1.5 A
ADDITIONAL NOTES:
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Resistance in parallel = = + =1
𝑹𝑻 𝟐 𝟐
𝑹𝑻 = 1 𝜴
So, the total resistance of the circuit will be 1Ω + 3Ω = 4Ω
𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝟏𝟐𝑽
Total current in the circuit = = = 3A
𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝟒𝜴
(ii)Voltage across R2
V = 1.5A × 2Ω
V = 3V
(d)Voltage across R3
V = 1.5 A × 2Ω
= 3V
QUESTION 44
To improve the crop yields farmers add fertilizers like ammonium nitrate to
their fields
(a)(i)Write the chemical formula for ammonium nitrate
Ans: NH4NO3
(ii)Calculate the percentage by mass of nitrogen in ammonium nitrate
(N= 14 , H= 1 , O = 16 )
N = 14 × 2 = 28
H = 1× 4 = 4
O = 16 × 3 = 48
Total Molar mass of Ammonium Nitrate= 80g/mol
𝟐𝟖
× 100% = 35%
𝟖𝟎
(b) Lime , calcium oxide (CaO) is sometimes used to neutralize acidic soils
(i)Write an equation for the reaction between lime and dilute hydrochloric acid
CaO + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O
C = 12
𝟓𝒈
= O = 16 × 3
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒈/𝒎𝒐𝒍
= 0.05 moles
Moles : 1:1
0.05 : x
= 0.05 moles
Ratio is 1: 1
QUESTION 45
(i)What must be added to glucose to enable fermentation to take place
Ans: Yeast
(ii)State two conditions necessary for fermentation to occur
1. Sugars dissolved in water and mixed with yeast
2. Warm temperature
3. Expulsion of carbon dioxide
(c)The equation shows the reaction between ethanol and ethanoic acid
QUESTION 46
(a)Name the group of metals to which iron belongs
Ans: Transition metals
QUESTION 47
Define a hormone
Ans: A chemical substance that is made by a specialist cell usually within
an endocrine gland and is released into the bloodstream to send a message
to another part of the body.
(b)Complete table 11.1 to show hormones, their sources and their functions
Hormone source Function in the body
Insulin Pancreas (ii)Helps control blood
glucose level by signaling
the liver and muscles
and fat cells to take in
glucose from the blood
Prepares the body for
action
Adrenaline Adrenal glands
QUESTION 48
(a)(i) X: dough has risen
Y : dough remains the same
(ii)Explain the difference in the results for the two batches of dough
Ans: In dough X, the enzymes reacted, and fermentation took place thus
leading to production of carbon dioxide which made the dough rise. In
dough Y the enzymes were destroyed by the high temperature and as such
no reaction took place in the ingredients used.
(b)Suggest why it is convenient to use microorganisms in biotechnology
Ans: Microorganisms break down and convert nutrients that have been
taken up into new products.
QUESTION 49
(a)(i)Name the process by which waste products move from the blood to the
dialysis fluid.
Ans: diffusion
(ii)State the property of the dialysis tube that makes it suitable for use in the
kidney machine
Ans: it is selectively permeable
QUESTION 50
State two disadvantages of asexual reproduction
1. Low genetic variability
2. Adaptation to environment is difficult
Table 15. 1
Method Example
Vegetative propagation potatoes
Budding Maple
QUESTION 51
(a) Define acceleration
Ans: The rate of change of velocity per unit time
(ii)A bus stops to pick up a passenger. Its speed decreases from 22m/s to 0m/s
in 10s. Calculate its deceleration
Note: deceleration is negative acceleration
𝟎𝒎𝒍𝒔−𝟐𝟐𝒎/𝒔
= – 2. 2m/s2
𝟏𝟎𝒔
(b)(i)In which region of the graph is the speed of the car constant?
Ans: A – B
(ii)For how long is the car at rest?
Ans: 200s – 125s = 75s
(c)A ball is dropped from the roof of the building. It reaches the ground in 3s. (g
= 10m/s2 ). Calculate
(i)the height of the building
𝟐𝒉
Use formula g= , make h the subject of formula
𝒕𝟐
𝒈𝒕𝟐
h= 𝟐
(𝟏𝟎 ×𝟑𝟐 )
h=
𝟐
𝟗𝟎
𝒉= = 45m
𝟐
(ii)the speed of the ball as it touches the ground
𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆
Ans: speed =
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆
𝟒𝟓𝒎
Speed =
𝟑𝒔
= 15m/s
QUESTION 52
(a)Fig 2.1 shows waves on a surface of a liquid
(ii)X and Y are materials in Table 2.2. Use the information from the table and
the paths of rays in Fig 2.3 to identify materials X and Y
X : Water Y: Diamond
QUESTION 53
(a)On the diagram below draw the magnetic field around XY
Note: like pole repel each other so x is a south pole and y is a north pole
(b)(i)Which two cubes will the magnet pick up when the switch is closed
Ans: Cube C and D
(ii)Suggest two changes that could make the magnet stronger
1. Increasing current
2. Increasing number of coils
QUESTION 54
(iv) A 240V a.c source replaces the supply shown in Fig 4.1. Calculate the
output voltage.
𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒏𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒚 𝒄𝒐𝒊𝒍
Formula : =
𝒊𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒏𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒚 𝒄𝒐𝒊𝒍
𝒙 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎
=
𝟐𝟒𝟎𝑽 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒙 𝟒𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
=
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
= 480V
(b)
(i) Label the three wires
QUESTION 55
(a)Calculate the mass of carbon dioxide formed when 0.1 moles of magnesium
carbonate is completely decomposed.
[ Ar : Mg = 24 , C = 12, O = 16 ]
Molecular mass of CO2 is : (12 + 16 × 2) = 44g/mol
So, mass = number of moles × molar mass
= 0.1 moles × 44g/mol
= 4.4g
(b) (i)How many moles of hydrochloric acid react with 1 mole of magnesium
carbonate?
Ans: 2 moles
(ii)Calculate the number of moles in 25cm3 of 0.1 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid
Convert 25cm3 to dm3
Number of moles: concentration × volume
= 0.1 mol/dm3 × 0.025dm3
= 0.0025 moles
1:1
0.1 : x
x = 0.1 moles
= 2.4dm3
QUESTION 56
Ans: P
Ans: Bitumen
(c)The fuel gas fraction contains the hydrocarbon propane, C3H8 , showing all
the bonds around all the atoms
Ans: Propene
(ii)Describe a test you would carry out to distinguish an alkene from propane
Result for propane: bromine water remains orange when mixed with
alkanes and shaken
Result for alkene: bromine water turns colourless when mixed with alkenes
QUESTION 57
Sample of two different gases are allowed to diffuse through a small hole, in air
at room temperature and pressure. The time taken by each gas is shown in Table
8.1
Ammonia 20 17
Nitrogen 26 28
(a)Use the periodic table to calculate the relative molecular mass of ammonia,
NH3. Write the answer in Table 8.1
(c)Explain why, at the same temperature, Nitrogen takes longer than ammonia
to diffuse through a small hole
(d)Suggest what would happen to the time taken for the ammonia sample to
diffuse if the temperature was dropped to 10°C
QUESTION 58
Fig 9.1 shows how two hormones A and B control the levels of glucose in the
blood.
A: insulin
B : glucagon
QUESTION 59
(b)Why is there a lesser amount of amino acids in the hepatic vein than in vessel
G?
Ans: deamination of amino acids takes place in the liver, thus leading to
less amount of them in hepatic vein
(c)Bile is an excretory product. State two advantages of releasing bile into the
duodenum
P : Plumule
Q: Radicle
(b)Describe how you would show that the cotyledons contains protein
(c)Describe how structures P and Q are able to use the starch stored in the
cotyledons
QUESTION 61
QUESTION 62
Ans: Grafting
(c)Give two reasons why the bark around the cut surfaces is covered with grease
1. To exclude air
QUESTION 63
Fig 14.1 shows how the pulse rate of a student changes during and after
vigorous exercise. The exercise took 5 minutes
(a)Explain why the pulse rate increases during the early stage of the exercise
Ans: The heart must beat faster during exercise because by increasing the
heart rate, the body is able to increase cardiac output and deliver the
necessary blood flow to the muscles. During exercise the body's muscles
increase their activity level and consume more oxygen.
(b)Explain why the pulse rate does not return to normal immediately after the
exercise
Ans: After the exercise the heart needs to reduce the pulse rate slowly until
it is back to normal. The pulse rate does return immediately because blood
is still moving around the body at a relatively high pressure.
QUESTION 64
𝑔𝑡 2
h= 2
10 × 22
h=
2
b)Calculate the kinetic energy of the stone just before it reaches the bottom of
the well.
k.e = g.p.e
= mgh
= 100 joules
c)Calculate the velocity of the stone just before hitting the bottom of the well
𝑚𝑣 2
k.e = 2
2 ×𝑘.𝑒 200
v=√ v =√
𝑚 0.5
2×100𝐽
v=√
0.5𝑘𝑔
v = 20m/s
(c) Energy can be changed from one form to another, therefore g.p.e was
transformed to kinetic energy
(e)If a boy now drops a 1.0kg stone into the well, how would the value of the
kinetic energy compare with your answer in (b)?
QUESTION 65
a) What is the time recorded by the stopwatch?
Ans: 15 seconds
15𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠
=
20
period= 0.75
(c)State one factor that would affect the period of the pendulum
Possible Answers: the length of the string, the mass of the bob, and the angle
displaced.
Additional information: The length of the string affects the pendulum's period
such that the longer the length of the string, the longer the pendulum's period.
(d)After some time, the pendulum would stop oscillating. Give a reason for your
answer
QUESTION 66
(a)A hot metal block is immersed in a beaker containing 500g of water. The
temperature of water rises to 20°C. Calculate the amount of heat energy gained
by water. (specific heat capacity of water = 4200J/kg°C)
= 42 000 J
QUESTION 67
Ans: Rubbing the balloon with a cloth transfers electrons from the cloth to the
balloon so the balloon now has an excess of electrons and it is negatively
charged.
Ans: as the balloon is rubbed against the woolen cloth, the cloth becomes
positively charged and as the balloon is negatively charged it will become
attracted to the cloth.
Ans: Positive
(ii)The plastic rod is taken away, and the cap of the electroscope is touched with
a finger. What will be observed?
QUESTION 68
Calculate:
2A – 0.5A = 1.5A
p.d = 0.5A × 6Ω
= 3V
1 4
𝑅𝑇
=6
RT = 1.5Ω
= 2A × 1.5Ω
= 3V
QUESTION 69
The equation shows how calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid
(a)Calculate the relative molecular mass of calcium carbonate. Use the periodic
table
= 100g/mol
= 0.25 moles
1 mole of CaCO3 produces 1 mole of CO2 , therefore we use ratio to find the
moles of CO2
= 11g
= 6dm3
QUESTION 70
(a) Complete the statement below using some words in the diagram
In the electrolytic cell the door handle is connected as the cathode and the
electrolyte is aqueous copper(ii) sulphate.
(i)electrolyte
(ii)copper rod
(c)Explain why the colour of the solution does not change (answer available in
the previous questions)
Ans:
(d)Write ionic equations for the anode and the cathode reactions (answer also
available in the previous questions)
Anode:
Cathode:
QUESTION 71
QUESTION 72
(a)What is a macromolecule?
(b)Write one similarity and one difference between the structures of nylon and
the protein
(i)similarity: they have the same linkage which is the amide linkage
QUESTION 73
QUESTION 74
(ii)One of the products is a bleaching agent. Write the formula of this product
Ans: HOCl
QUESTION 75
Test: add a few drops of sodium hydroxide and a white precipitate will be
formed, then add excess sodium hydroxide
QUESTION 76
(b)(i)In which test tube would the contents test positive for reducing sugar at the
end of the experiment?
Ans: Tube Q
Ans: brown colour indicates that starch has been digested, thus into
reducing sugars
QUESTION 77
Ans: 10km
(b)With reference to the three curves on Fig 15.1, state the effect of pollution on
the following:
QUESTION 78
Ans: Z
Ans: March
QUESTION 79
(i)Describe how polythene bag helps to reduce water loss through leaves of
stem cuttings
Ans: It slows down the rate of transpiration because it closes the moisture
in and increases humidity
(ii)Why is it better to use a clear plastic bag rather than a dark coloured one?
QUESTION 79
Ans: Respiration
(c)After 20 mins would be coloured liquid move towards or away from the test
tube?
The insect uses oxygen and soda lime absorbs carbon dioxide, so the
amount of cases keep on reducing inside the tube hence colored liquid move
towards the tube
QUESTION 80
A B
(c)For each cell A and B state its function and describe how it is adapted for the
named function
Cell A
Function : Transporting water and mineral salts from the soil to the plant roots
Adaptation : Root hair cells are adapted for taking up water and mineral
ions by having a large surface area to increase the rate of
Cell B
QUESTION 81
= 0.2 / 1
= 0.2
= 1/ 0.2
=5
QUESTION 82
Ans: The friction is 10N also since the ball is accelerating constantly
(c)Calculate the time taken by the ball to reach the bottom of the tube
𝟐𝒉 𝟐𝒉
g = t=√
𝒕𝟐 𝒈
𝟐×𝟐𝒎
t=√
𝟏𝟎
t = 0.63 seconds
QUESTION 83
(a)Why is the heater placed at an equal distance from each of the metal plates?
(b)The coin on the plate on the right drops off after a few minutes. The coin on
the plate on the left drops a few minutes later.
Ans: The plate on the right absorbs heater better than the plate on the left
therefore that is why the coin on the right plate falls first
QUESTION 84
QUESTION 85
W:Alpha
X : Beta
Y : Gamma
Ans: Y
Ans: Rocks
QUESTION 86
Ans: It increases
Ans: Cortisol
QUESTION 87
* Deoxygenated blood
* waste products
(b)Describe how oxygen is transferred from the mother’s blood to the foetus’
blood
Ans: Oxygen and nutrients from the mother's blood are transferred across
the placenta to the fetus through the umbilical cord. This
enriched blood flows through the umbilical vein toward the baby's liver
QUESTION 88
Ans: Fermented milk also seems to help lower blood pressure, lower
cholesterol, and prevent cancer from growing
QUESTION 89
Ans: alcohol
(iii) State two effects of this drug on the body
Alcohol can cause liver disease
It also weakens the immune system
(c)A person continues taking a drug until he can no longer do without it. Which
term describes this condition?
Ans: dependence
QUESTION 90
(b)An iron rod and a copper rod of similar dimensions are heated from the same
source. Complete table 3.1 to show whether the listed quantities of the rod will
increase, decrease or remain the same during the heating process
Volume Increases
Density decreases
Ans: One metal expands faster than the other thus growing longer and end
up bending the other
QUESTION 91
X : slip ring
Y :carbon brushes
(iii)Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction of the induced current
in the coil when it is in the position shown in the diagram.
QUESTION 92
(b)A particle emitted by a radioactive substance has two protons and two
neutrons.
Ans: Alpha
Ans: +2
QUESTION 93
(a)Name the process by which the gases move from the cotton wool to meet at
position X
Ans: diffusion
(ii)The relative molecular mass of hydrogen chloride is 36.5. Explain why the
position X where the gases meet is nearer to the hydrochloric acid end of the
tube.
Ans: ammonia diffuses faster than hydrogen chloride gas because of its
little molecular mass therefore it reaches the hydrochloric acid side quickly
Ans: The damp red litmus paper would turn blue (because of ammonia )
and the damp blue litmus paper will turn red (because of hydrogen
chloride gas )
(iv)Why are damp litmus papers used instead of dry litmus papers
QUESTION 94
Ethanol Alkanol
Butane Alkanes
Ans: because alkenes are a more unstable structure than alkanes, and it
takes more energy to break off bonds that are already there than to simply
form new ones.
(ii)State two conditions for this reaction and suggest a reason for each condition
Ans: Ethane
Protein
QUESTION 95
Umbilical cord
The placenta serves as an interface between the mother and the developing
fetus and has three main jobs: Attach the fetus to the uterine wall.
Provide nutrients to the fetus. Allow the fetus to transfer waste products to
the mother's blood.
Ans: Q
*Oxygen
QUESTION 96
Ans: 1200hrs
Ans: As the relative humidity of the air surrounding the plant rises the
transpiration rate falls. It is easier for water to evaporate into dryer air
than into more saturated air.
(b)Give two other environmental factors that affect the rate of transpiration
* Wind speed
*Temperature
QUESTION 9
* Starch
*Glucose
(b)Explain why the water in the beaker turned brick – red when tested with
Benedict’s solution after 30 minutes
(c)The mixture in the visking tube was replaced by a mixture of starch and
amylase and left for 30 minutes in a water bath at a temperature of 35°C
(i)Predict the result for iodine test in the tube after 30 minutes. Give a reason for
your answer
QUESTION 98
(a)Name the neurone in the Central Nervous System that links neurones A and
B
(b)A person touches a hot plate and quickly removes his hand
Receptor: skin
Effector :muscle
QUESTION 99
= 3m / 15s
= 0.2m/s
Ans: 1000N
(c)Calculate
= 1000N × 3m
= 3000Nm/ 15s
= 200W
QUESTION 100
(b) (i) State the value of angle of incidence of the ray on the block
Ans: 30°
(c)Fig 3.2 shows a ray of light entering a semi – circular glass block of
refractive index 1.5
(i)Explain why the ray does not bend when it enters the glass block
QUESTION 101
Important note: Voltage applied to a series circuit is equal to the sum of the
individual voltage drops." This simply means that the voltage drops have to add
up to the voltage coming from the battery or batteries. 6V + 6V = 12V.
IMPORTANT NOTE: In a series circuit, the current that flows through each of
the components is the same.
So current = 2V / 4Ω = 0.5 A
QUESTION 102
Charge : – 1
QUESTION 103
P : phagocytes
Q : Lymphocytes
Ans: Platelets immediately begin to adhere to the cut edges of the vessel
and release chemicals to attract even more platelets. A platelet plug is
formed, and the external bleeding stops
(d)Name two substances other than oxygen and carbon dioxide which are
transported by blood
1. Urea
QUESTION 104
Ans: By rubbing the perspex rod by the dry cloth, electrons are transferred
from the surface of the perspex rod towards the dry cloth. So,
the perspex rod loses the electrons and they are transferred to the dry cloth
and becomes positively charged
QUESTION 105
(b)An incomplete equation representing the reaction taking place in Fig 6.1 is
shown
(ii)One of the products of reaction is water. Describe the chemical test for water
(c)Other than the method used in Fig 6.1 state another method of producing
copper
Ans: Electrolysis
QUESTION 106
(ii)State the observation made when soap is shaken with hard water
(iv)Describe a chemical test to confirm the presence of the sulphate ions in the
sample
QUESTION 107
Ans: C5H10
Ans: CH2
Ans: Alkenes
1. Carbon dioxide
2. water
QUESTION 108
(a)Which process caused the colour change of the cobalt chloride paper?
Ans: Transpiration
(b)Explain why it was important for Mpho to make sure that no air could reach
the cobalt chloride paper
(c)Suggest a reason why the paper on the upper surface took longer to turn pink
(d)Explain why the leaves of the plant are upright in the morning
Ans: the stoma of the leaf cells are turgid and firm
QUESTION 109
Fig 12.1 represents stages in which an enzyme controlled chemical reaction may
occur
Q : . Q enzyme.
R product
Ans: Substrate specificity. Enzyme molecules are not used during reactions
QUESTION 110
Ans: as the power is switched on the EMF is induced on the other coil
which is the secondary coil
The potential difference across lamp A is 240V. Each lamp is marked 40W;
240V
Ans: 240V
Note : Voltage is the same across each component of the parallel circuit
= 40 W × 43 200s
= 1 728 800 J
𝑽𝟐
(v)Calculate the resistance of each lamp. Use the equation (P) =
𝑹
R = V2 / P
R = (240)2 / 40
R = 1440 Ω
QUESTION 111
Ans: period 3
(c)State how the sodium atom reacts with atoms of non- metals
QUESTION 112
Ans: coke
Ans : Y
QUESTION 113
What type of chemical reaction is the change is the change Pd2+ to Pd? Give a
reason for your answer.
The term "unsaturated" means more hydrogen atoms may be added to the
hydrocarbon to make it saturated
Ans: esters
QUESTION 114
(i)These alcohols are isomers. Using the propanols as an example explain the
term isomers
Ans: substances which have the same molecular formula but different
structural formulae
(ii)Fractional distillation can separate two propanols. Suggest a reason why the
method is effective
(iii)Propanol and propanoic acid react to form an ester. Give the name and
structural formula of the ester
Structural formula
QUESTION 1 (2017)
(a)Define the term mass
Ans : Amount of matter in a substance
(b)i. What is the mass of the aluminium block as shown by the scales in Fig 1.1?
Ans : (200 +60 +5) = 265g
ii)Calculate the weight of the block (g = 10N/kg)
Ans: 0.265kg × 10N/ kg
= 2.65N
c)i. F1 is the minimum force needed to topple over cylinder G.
F2 is the minimum force needed to topple over cylinder H
Explain why F1 is larger than F2
Ans: Cylinder G is more stable than H.
ii)Cylinder G in Fig 1.2 topples over. What name is given to the equilibrium
state of the cylinder after toppling
Ans: Unstable equilibrium
QUESTION 2
(a)Name the main method of heat transfer by which heat reaches the bulbs of
thermometers.
Ans : radiation
(b)The readings of the thermometers eventually become constant at 60°C.
Explain why the thermometer Q would reach 60°C first.
Ans : Black surfaces absorb heat faster as compared to white surfaces
therefore the bulb Q would reach 60°C faster
(c)Suggest a suitable temperature for the water in the beaker at the start of the
experiment. Explain your answer.
Ans :Any temperature above 90°C but less than 100
Explanation: So that heat radiation can be able to counteract heat loss and
be able to be detected by the thermometers
(d)The distance between the lower fixed point and the upper fixed point of the
thermometers is 10cm. Calculate the distance moved by the liquid column when
the temperature changes by 35°C
x = 3.5 cm
QUESTION 3
(a)What name is given to the distance between point C and point F?
Ans : Focal length
(b)On Fig 3.1
(i)draw two light rays to locate the position of the object
(ii)draw and label object O
(c)State two characteristics of the image formed by a convex lens in a projector
1. large
2. inverted
3. real
QUESTION 4
(a)Name two components of the electromagnetic spectrum that are given by the
bulb when it is switched on.
1. Infrared radiation
2. Visible flight
(b)State the name of the electrical quantity represented by:
240V ………..Voltage
100W…………Power
61.60 : 88
x : 1
61.60
= 0.7
88
= 70 thebe
QUESTION 5
(a)The voltage drop across the 2.0Ω resistor is 2.0V. Calculate the current
through the 2.0 Ω resistor. Show your working
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒
𝑎) 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 =
𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
2.0 𝑉
= =1A
2.0𝛺
(b) Calculate
(i)the combined resistance of the 2.0 Ω and 4.0Ω resistors
QUESTION 6
A radioactive source emits three different types of emission.
(a)Name the three types of emission
Ans: Alpha, Beta and Gamma rays
(b)Name one instrument which can be used to detect the types of emission
Ans : Geiger – Muller Tube
QUESTION 7
Table 7.1
Element 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 Melting point / °C Type of oxide
𝑔/𝑐𝑚3
Carbon 2.25 3700 Acidic
Silicon 2.33 1683 Acidic
Germanium 5.35 937 Amphoteric
Tin 7.28 505 Amphoteric
Lead 11.35 601 Amphoteric
(ii)melting point
Ans : Decreases down the group
(ii)Ans: GeH4
QUESTION 8
(a) Explain why the carbonate should be in excess
Ans :To react all the acid
(b)Calculate the number of moles in 25.0cm3 of 0.1 mol/dm3 of hydrochloric
acid
𝑛
𝑐= = 0.025 × 0.1
𝑣
= 0.0025
(c)Use the equation and the answer in (b) to calculate the number of moles of
copper(II) carbonate that will react with the acid
1: 2
x : 0.025
2x = 0.025
x = 0.0125
ii)the mass of copper(II) Carbonate that will react with the acid
mass = number of moles × molar mass
= 0.0125 × 124
= 1.55g
QUESTION 9
Ethanol and pentanol are members of the same homologous series.
(a)State the name of the homologous series to which ethanol and pentanol
belong
Ans: alkanols
(b)State two characteristics of the homologous series to which ethanol and
pentanol belong
1. Soluble in water
2.They are flammable
c) Draw the structural formula of Butanol
d)Ethanol can be produced from the addition reaction of steam with ethene
(i)Write the equation for the reaction of ethene with steam. Include the state
symbols
QUESTION 10
(a)Write the equation for the reaction occurring at the anode
Ans : 4OH- 2H2O + O2 + 4e
QUESTION 11
(a)Name the parts labelled P and Q
P : Nucleus
Q: Cell membrane
b)A red blood cell is an example of a cell in the mammalian circulatory system.
State one way in which a red blood cell is different from other animal cells.
Ans : It does not have a nucleus
ii)Give an example of one tissue and one organ in the mammalian circulatory
system
Tissue – blood
Organ – heart
QUESTION 12
(a) State the function of the part labelled X
Ans : Stores bile
b)Fig (i)State the name of enzyme U
Ans : Amylase
ii) What property of enzymes is illustrated in Fig 12.2?
Breaking food into simpler substances – can be reused
(iii)On Fig 12. 1 identify a region where the process shown in Fig 12.2 occurs
and label it V
d)
Table 12.1
Volume of juice extracted / cm3 Temperature / °C
10 P
30 M
50 N
60 O
(i) Use the temperatures M, N O and P from the graph to complete Table
12.1
ii) Explain why the volume of juice extracted from the fruits was different for
the four temperatures M, N , O and P.
Ans: For temperature M, the amount of fruit juice produced is low because
the enzyme is not active at that temperature, at temperature N the enzyme
is active , and at temperature O the enzyme is acting on its optimum
temperature therefore producing high amount of juice. At temperature P,
the enzyme is about to be denatured as the temperature is above the
optimum temperature therefore producing little amount of juice.
QUESTION 13
(a) (i) Name the process that results in the formation of a zygote
Ans : Fertilization
(ii) In which part of the female reproductive system is structure F found?
Ans : Uterus
ii)A pregnant woman was found to have her foetus not growing well and the
foetus moving less than expected. Suggest how the malfunctioning of structure J
may have led to this.
Ans: Structure J is responsible for carrying food and water molecules
dissolved in the blood to the developing foetus, therefore its malfunction
will hinder proper carriage of these important substances to the foetus and
as such the foetus will not develop properly.
QUESTION 14
(a)(i)What is the major source of energy for the food web?
Ans : The Sun
(ii)Use the food web in Fig 14.1 to construct a food chain with four trophic
levels
Sun water plants tadpoles fish
QUESTION 15
(a)(i) Define Biotechnology
Ans: application of biological organisms, systems or processes to
manufacturing / service industry.
(ii) State the microorganisms used in the production of
*Chibuku - Bacteria
*Madila – Bacteria
b)Biotechnology is used in the manufacturing of drugs such as antibiotics. State
two differences between antibiotics and non – medicinal drugs
1. Antibiotics are drugs that are designed to cure illnesses caused by
bacteria while non – medicinal drugs are just habit-forming substances.
2. Antibiotics contain known amount of different substances required by
the body while non – medicinal drugs composition is not known
QUESTION 1 (2018)
(a) Use the graph to determine the time
Ans : h = 11.25m
(c) The mass of the object is 0.5kg
(i) Calculate the kinetic energy of the object as it leaves the ground
𝟏
k.e = 𝒎𝒗𝟐
𝟐
𝟏
= (𝟎. 𝟓)(𝟏𝟓𝒎/𝒔)𝟐
𝟐
= 56. 25 joules
(ii)State whether the maximum gravitational potential energy of the object is
equal to, greater than or less than the maximum kinetic energy of the object.
Explain your answer
Statement : equal to
Explanation : energy gained is equal to energy lost
QUESTION 2
(a) Name the parts labelled A and B
A : bulb
B : vacuum
QUESTION 3
(a) Define the term amplitude
Ans : The measure of the displacement of a wave from its rest position
(c)The frequency of the wave is increased, and the loudness remains the same.
On Fig 3.1, draw one complete wavelength to show the new sound wave.
(d)Calculate the wavelength of the sound wave
𝒗
𝝀=
𝒇
𝟑𝟒𝟎𝒎/𝒔
𝝀=
𝟐𝟓𝟔𝑯𝒛
𝝀 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟑
QUESTION 4
(a)State two properties of permanent magnets
1. They have poles
2. They are ferromagnetic materials
(b)(i)State the name of the method used in Fig 4.1
Ans: Electrical method
(ii)Suggest the name of metal X
(c)Switch S is closed and the compass needle points as shown in Fig 4.1
State the name of the pole formed at end Q
Ans: North pole
QUESTION 5
Calculate
(a) The total resistance of the circuit
8Ω + 4Ω = R1
𝑹𝟏 ×𝑹𝟐
Total resistance =
𝑹𝟏 +𝑹𝟐
R1 = 12Ω
12𝛺 ×6𝛺
R2 = 6Ω Rtotal =
12𝛺+6𝛺
72𝛺
Rtotal = = 4Ω
18𝛺
Ans = 4Ω
𝟔𝑽
Why? Current across resistors in series is equal , so the current = =
𝟖𝜴+𝟒𝜴
0.5A
P.D = current × resistance
P.D = 0.5A × 8Ω
Ans= 4V
QUESTION 6
A hospital keeps some radioactive sources for medical purposes.
(a)State one safety precaution when handling the sources
Ans: always wear protective clothing. For example, lab coat
(b)State one danger of being exposed to radioactive emissions
Ans: They can cause cancer, gene mutation, Leukemia or even lead to
sterilization
(c)Suggest one way of safely disposing the sources from the hospital
Ans * Store in lead
*Concrete containers and bury underground
*Lead shielding
QUESTION 7
Choose one substance from the list to fit each given description. You may use
each substance one, more than once or not at all.
Sodium carbonate sodium hydroxide copper(II) sulphate
Copper(II) carbonate chlorine ammonia
(a)It is a solid that dissolves in water to form an alkaline solution
Ans: Sodium carbonate
(b)It is a solid that is soluble in water and reacts with aqueous barium nitrate to
form a white precipitate
Ans: Copper(II) Sulphate
QUESTION 8
Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine are elements in group VII of the
periodic table.
(a)Give a reason why these elements are placed in group VII of the periodic
table
Ans: They have 7 electrons on the valence/outermost shell
QUESTION 9
Excess Magnesium Carbonate is added to 25.0cm3 of 2.00mol/ dm3 nitric acid.
The equation for the reaction is:
MgCO3(s) + 2HNO3(aq) Mg(NO3)2(aq) +CO2(g) +H2O(l)
(a)Name the process used to remove the excess magnesium carbonate from the
mixture
Ans: Filtration
(b)Calculate the number of moles in 25.0cm3 of 2.00mol/dm3 nitric acid
Number of moles = concentration × volume
c = 2.00mol/dm3 volume = 0.025dm3
number of moles = 2.00 × 0.025
= 0.05 moles
c) use the equation and the answer in (b) to calculate the number of moles of
magnesium nitrate formed
2 :1
0.05 : x
2𝑥 0.05
= =
2 2
x = 0.025 moles
d) (i) The solution of magnesium nitrate from the reaction is evaporated and
6.9g of hydrated magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO3)2 . 6H2O is obtained
1: 1
0.025: x
x = 0.025 moles
(ii)Calculate the mass of 1 mole of hydrated magnesium nitrate,
Mg(NO3)2.6H2O
Ans: The ratio is 1:1, so one mole of hydrated Magnesium Nitrate is
Mg = 24 H = 12×1
N = 14 × 2
O = 12 × 16
(24 + 28 + 192 + 12)
= 256g
Note: There is one Magnesium, 2 Nitrogen, 12 Oxygen and 12 Hydrogen atoms
(iii)Use your answers to (d)(i) and (d)(ii) to calculate the mass of the hydrated
magnesium nitrated formed.
QUESTION 10
Ethene, C2H4 is an unsaturated compound.
(a)State the meaning of unsaturated compound
(d)Draw a ‘dot and cross’ diagram to show the structure of a molecule of carbon
dioxide
QUESTION 11
(a)State the name of the structures labelled V and X
V: Right Atrium
X: Aorta
(b)Explain how the structure of the left ventricle enables it to pump blood to
distant parts of the body.
Ans: it is muscular. It is also bigger in size, so it is able to generate more
pressure.
c)State two structural differences, apart from presence of valves, between the
parts labelled W and Y.
1. Structure W has thick walls while Structure X has thin walls
2. Structure W carries oxygenated blood while structure X carries deoxygenated
blood
Note: W – artery
X – vein
(b) On Fig 11.1 use arrows to show the movement of deoxygenated blood in and
out of the heart.
QUESTION 12
Beer contains a drug that is commonly abused
(a)Define the term drug
Ans : A medicine or other substance which has a physiological effect when
ingested or otherwise introduced into the body.
QUESTION 13
A boy eats solid food that contains carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
(a)State the name of the process through which food is taken into P
Ans: ingestion
(b)State the name of the process which makes food move through Q
Ans: peristalsis
(c) (i)Which section of the bar chart is for the sample obtained from the
duodenum?
Ans: W
(ii)Explain your answer in (c)(i)
Ans : Sugars and peptides are available in large amounts as compared to
proteins and starch which shows that protease has acted on proteins and
pancreatic amylase on starch .
QUESTION 14
(a)Define the term organism
Ans: a group of organs and systems working together to make an
individual plant/ animal.
(b)State the name of the nerve cell in Fig 14.1
Ans: Sensory neurone
(c)Identify the parts labelled A and B
A : Cell body
B : Nerve fibre
(d)The normal concentration of glucose in human blood is 100mg/dm3 .
Suggest how a decrease in the concentration of glucose may affect the activity
of the cell in Fig 14.1
Ans: Glucose is required for energizing body cells therefore a decrease in
its concentration would mean that the cell would not be able to effectively
carry impulses from the sense organs to the Central Nervous System
QUESTION 15
(a)State the name of the part of the leaf through which plants lose water
Ans: Stomata
(b)Describe and explain the shape of the graph for day 1
Ans: Water loss increases from midnight to midday and is at its peak at
midday because temperatures are high, and stomata is open to allow
diffusion of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. The water loss then
decreases from midday to midnight because temperatures drop, and
stomata closes due to reduced light intensity
(c)Suggest one environmental condition which could have resulted in the graph
obtained in day 2. Explain how the condition affected the rate of water loss
Environmental condition: Humidity
Explanation: There is more moisture in the atmosphere and as such less
water is lost from leaves due to moisture concentration on the atmosphere