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Lesson 5 Biology (Cells)

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27 views2 pages

Lesson 5 Biology (Cells)

Uploaded by

manouillitamima2003
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Ferhat Abbas University, Setif 1

Faculty of Natural and Life Science

Department of common core

Teacher : Miss Rania Bekakchi

Module : English Communication and Expression Techniques

Lesson 5

What’s a cell ?
Cells are microscopic building blocks of unicellular and multicellular living organisms.
Animal, plant, fungal and bacterial cells are different in terms of structure but also have many
similarities.

The ultrastructure of cells

The ultrastructure of a cell is its fine structure as revealed at high magnification.


Animal, fungal and plant cells all contain structures called organelles. These are specialised
for particular functions .

The diagrams below show the similarities and differences between the ultrastructure of
animal cells and plant cells.
Functions of cells :
Cells have many different functions. Some of the most important ones include:
 Production of energy sources: Cells need energy to carry out functions within

the cell and the whole organism.

 Protein production: Proteins are needed for almost everything in the cell and

the organism. The process is called protein synthesis.

 Division: Almost all eukaryotic cells can replicate themselves through

mitosis, meaning that the whole cell, along with its genetic material, is copied.

 Transport: A cell can move materials in and out of a cell through the cell

membrane in order to carry out functions both inside and outside the cell. There are
different types of transport mechanisms: active and passive. The active transport uses
ATP to bring molecules in or out of the cell that otherwise could not get past the cell
membrane. Passive transport is for molecules that follow a concentration gradient.
 Recognition: Cells can communicate with each other due to recognising

certain molecules on both cell surfaces. Through these molecules, cells can recognise
other cells but also foreign material. This is an important feature of the immune system
when fighting infections and producing antibodies.

 The importance of cell biology in the 21st Century is that it has helped
us in so many ways, and by understanding how cells work in healthy and diseased
states, cell biologists are working in the animal, plant, and medical science. We will
develop new medicines, more effective drugs, plants with enhanced properties, and a
better understanding of how all living things function by increased knowledge.
Eventually, it is and will be more effectively possible to produce a ‘health forecast’ by
analyzing our database of genetic and cell information. Using this, we can take more
control over our health in a preventive way. (Lodish et al. 2016) Nevertheless, cell
biology is not just about disease.

Quote of the day : “When we are no longer able to change a situation, we are challenged to
change ourselves.” ― Viktor E. Frankl

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