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Basement Details Reports

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204 views11 pages

Basement Details Reports

Uploaded by

piyush goel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 5

BASEMENT DETAILS
REPORT 1

SUBMITTED BY:- SUBMITTED TO:-


PIYUSH GOEL AR. MASOOM AHMED
3B AR. VAISHALI PANDEY
BASEMENT PLANNING
WHAT IS A BASEMENT?
The floor of a building which is partly or entirely
below ground level.It is also referred to as part of
substructure, it is generally in the form of a void
cell shaped foundation with supporting retaining
walls.
IMPORTANT FACTORS AND EXECUTION
STRATERGY WHILE PLANNING A BASEMENT:
Consider the distance between column to
column.

Consider the required height of the basement,


the basement can either be mechanically or
naturally ventilated, in both the cases the clear
height is always 2700mm.
Clear width for driveways should always be 6m according
to the standards.Turning radius should also be 6m.

Ramp should be of utmost consideration and have the


ratio of 1:10 (if accesible to fire tender) or 1:8 (max.).
STEPS FOR BASEMENT CONSTRUCTION IN
CONTEXT WITH CHRONOLOGICAL USE OF
MATERIALS:
1. Excavation and Site Preparation:
- Excavator: For digging the foundation.
- Dump Truck: To remove excavated soil.
- Compactor: To compact the soil and ensure a stable base.

2. Foundation and Footings:


- Concrete: For pouring footings and foundation walls.
- Rebar: Steel reinforcement bars for concrete strength.
- Footing Forms: Wooden or metal forms to shape the concrete footings.
- Foundation Forms: Wooden or metal forms to shape the foundation walls.

3. Walls and Supports:


- Concrete Blocks or Poured Concrete: For building the basement walls.
- Waterproofing Membrane: To prevent moisture infiltration.
- Steel Reinforcement: For additional wall strength and stability.

4. Floor Slab:
- Concrete: For the basement floor slab.
- Rebar or Wire Mesh: For reinforcing the concrete slab.
- Vapor Barrier: To prevent moisture from coming through the floor.

5. Insulation:
- Rigid Foam Insulation: For insulating basement walls and floors.
- Spray Foam or Batt Insulation: For additional insulation if needed.

6. Drainage:
- Drain Tiles or Pipe System: To collect and redirect water away from the basement.
- Sump Pump: To pump out water collected in the sump pit.
- Gravel: For drainage systems and as a base for the sump pump.
7. Ventilation and Egress:
- Window Wells: For basement windows to allow natural light and egress.
- Ventilation Ducts: For air circulation.
- Egress Windows: For emergency exits and compliance with building codes.

8. Plumbing:
- Pipes and Fittings: For water supply and drainage systems.
- Sump Pit and Pump: For managing groundwater and preventing flooding.

9. Electrical:
- Electrical Wiring: For lighting and outlets.
- Circuit Breaker Panel: To manage electrical circuits.

10. Finishing Materials:


- Drywall: For walls and ceilings.
- Paint or Wallpaper: For finishing surfaces.
- Flooring Materials: Such as concrete, (carpet, tile, or laminate(non parking related)).

11. Miscellaneous:
- Sealants and Caulks: To seal joints and cracks.
-Construction Adhesives: For various applications.
- Fasteners and Hardware: Nails, screws, and other components.

12. Safety and Compliance:


- Building Permits: Ensure you have the necessary approvals.
- Fire Safety Materials: If required, such as fire-resistant drywall.

WATERPROOFING OF BASEMENT:
Waterproofing in basemnt can be done in four broadly divided
different ways or methods:
1. Interior Sealants
Interior sealants are a type of basement waterproofing method that involves
applying a sealant to the inside of the basement walls and floors. Water can
seep into a basement through cracks, gaps, or porous concrete, particularly in
areas where there is high groundwater or poor drainage. This can lead to water
damage and mildew growth, as well as damage to the foundation and structural
integrity of the building. Interior sealants work by creating a waterproof barrier
on the inside of the basement walls and floor to prevent water from seeping
through. The sealant creates a barrier that prevents water from seeping through
the concrete. However, this method is only effective for minor water damage
and does not address the underlying causes of the moisture.
2.Exterior Waterproofing - Basement
The main source of the need for exterior basement waterproofing is water infiltration from
the outside of the foundation walls. Exterior basement waterproofing involves excavating
around the exterior of the foundation and applying a waterproof coating or membrane to the
outside of the walls. It is an effective solution for preventing water damage and preserving
the structural integrity of the building. However, it can be expensive and disruptive to install,
as it requires excavation around the foundation and may involve landscaping and other
repairs once the waterproofing is complete. Nevertheless, this method is the most reliable
and long-lasting solution for preventing water infiltration in the basement.
3.Interior Waterproofing - Basement
The need for interior basement waterproofing arises when condensation is the
main source of wetness. Interior basement waterproofing works by directing water
that enters the basement through the walls or floor into the drainage system,
which is then pumped out of the basement by the sump pump. The drainage pipe
is typically installed below the basement floor and slopes downward toward the
sump pump, which is installed in a pit at the lowest point in the basement. The
sump pump is designed to automatically turn on when water levels in the pit reach
a certain point, and it pumps the water out of the basement and away from the
foundation.

4.Foundation Crack Injections


Foundation crack injections are a method of repairing cracks in the foundation walls from the
inside, without excavating the soil around the foundation. The process involves injecting a
liquid polyurethane or epoxy into the cracks, which then hardens and creates a waterproof
barrier that prevents water from seeping through. This method is typically used for smaller
cracks that do not pose a structural threat, and can be completed quickly and with minimal
disruption to the building's occupants. However, it is important to note that crack fillers or
injections do not address the underlying causes of the crack, which may require additional
waterproofing measures. Additionally, this method is not suitable for larger or more severe
cracks, which may require more extensive repairs.
SOME IMPORTANT AND SPECIFIC BASEMENT DETAILS:
VENTILATOR: A basement ventilator is a system that removes
stale air from a basement and replaces it with fresh air from
outside. Basement ventilation systems can help improve air
quality, reduce humidity, and protect stored items from mold
and corrosion.

DRAINAGE SYSTEM: Effective drainage is vital to prevent water


accumulation in basements, especially during heavy rains or floods. IS
1742 outlines the standards for designing and installing drainage systems
in basements, which may include perimeter drains, sump pumps, and floor
drains. These systems work together to channel water away from the
foundation and keep the basement dry
SUMP: A sump pump moves water from your basement, out of
your home. A sump is a naturally constructed pit, typically a
hole carved below the main surface of your basement floor.

SKYLIGHT: provided over the ramp for clear width for car
movement also provides a safe ventilation point

FOUNDATION: It is a supporting structure which is present


under the earth it is also called as substructure.ts primary role
is to transfer dead loads, live loads, and other imposed loads
from the building to the underlying soil.
it is of many types some of them are mentioned below:
PILED FOUNDATION:

A Pile foundation, a kind of deep


foundation, can be defined as a
slender column or long cylinder
made of materials such as
concrete or steel which are used
to support the structure and
transfer the load at desired
depth either by end bearing or
skin friction.

MAT OR RAFT FOUNDATION:


A raft or mat foundation is a large continuous rectangular
or circular concrete slab that carries the entire load of the
superstructure and spreads it over the whole area
beneath the building. It is considered as one type of
shallow foundation and is useful in controlling the
differential settlement.
SPLAYED RAFT:
This type of raft foundation is
employed when the columns and the
load-bearing walls are subjected to
heavy loads.
Notably, the slab is thickened under
the columns and walls in this
foundation. Furthermore, some extra
reinforcement is required to resist
the diagonal shear.

RETAINING WALL:
Retaining walls are structures designed to bound soils between
two different elevations. A retaining wall is then mainly exposed
to lateral pressures from the retained soil plus any other
surcharge.

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