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    Hydro Treating

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    rishu661199

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Hydro Treating

    Uploaded by

    rishu661199
    6 views14 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    6 views14 pages

    Hydro Treating

    Uploaded by

    rishu661199

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 14

    Hydrotreating

    Objectives for Hydrotreating


    • Removing impurities, such as sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen for the control of a
    final product specification or for the preparation of feed for further processing
    (naphtha reformer feed and FCC feed).

    • Removal of metals, usually in a separate guard catalytic reactor when the organo-
    metallic compounds are hydrogenated and decomposed, resulting in metal
    deposition on the catalyst pores (e.g. atmospheric residue desulphurization
    (ARDS) guard reactor).

    • Saturation of olefins and their unstable compounds.


    • The process is highly exothermic and reversible.
    Role of
    Hydrotreating
    • Hydrotreating units are
    needed in the refinery to
    clean streams from material
    such as sulphur, nitrogen or
    metals harmful to the
    catalysts. That is why they
    are located before the
    reformer, hydrocracker and
    FCC.
    Hydrotreating- Chemistry involved
    Hydrotreating- Chemistry involved (continued..)
    Thermodynamics Associated along with limitations
    Thermo-Kinetics for Hydrotreating
    • Olefin hydrogenation is usually complete; however an aromatic hydrogenation
    reaction can reach equilibrium under certain condition, as in kerosene and gas oil
    hydrogenation.

    • Hydrodesulphurization can be carried out easier than denitrogenation, while


    aromatic saturation is the most difficult reaction.

    • A conversion of 0.99 for thiophene hydrogenated to butane can be achieved at 15


    bar and 395℃, while pyridine conversionto pentane at the same condition is
    0.97. A conversion of 0.4 is achieved for hydrogenation of naphthalene
    (aromatics) to tetra-hydronaphthalene at the same operating conditions.
    Catalysts for Hydrotreating
    • The catalysts mainly have pores with a surface area of (200–300 m2/g).
    • Hydrodesulphurization can be carried out easier than denitrogenation, while
    aromatic saturation is the most difficult reaction.
    • Co–Mo catalysts are the most popular for desulphurization of straight run
    petroleum fractions.
    • Ni–Mo catalysts are chosen when higher activity is required for the saturation of
    polynuclear aromatic compounds or for the removal of nitrogen and refractory
    sulphur compounds,
    • Ni–W catalysts are chosen only when very high activity aromatic saturation
    • The pore size of a catalyst should be chosen carefully because a smaller size will
    favour hydrodesulphurization (HDS) on the expense of hydrodemetallization
    (HDM).
    Primary Elements of a Hydrotreating Process

    Fixed-bed H2S removed

    Amine Scrubber

    Some of the recycle gas is also purged to prevent the accumulation of light hydrocarbons (C1–
    C4) and to control hydrogen partial pressure.
    Naphtha Hydrotreating Process
    Middle Distillate Hydrotreating Process
    Atmospheric Residue Desulphurization Process
    Atmospheric Residue Desulphurization Process
    Atmospheric Residue Desulphurization Process

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