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Unit I

OPERATING SYSTEM

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Punnapu Sreenivasulu
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10 views1 page

Unit I

OPERATING SYSTEM

Uploaded by

Punnapu Sreenivasulu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The operating system is a system program that serves as an interface between the

computing system and the end-user. Operating systems create an environment where the
user can run any programs or communicate with software or applications in a comfortable
and well-organized way.

Operating System Evolution


Operating system is divided into four generations, which are explained as follows −

First Generation (1945-1955)


It is the beginning of the development of electronic computing systems which are substitutes for
mechanical computing systems. Because of the drawbacks in mechanical computing systems like, the
speed of humans to calculate is limited and humans can easily make mistakes. In this generation there is
no operating system, so the computer system is given instructions which must be done directly.
Example − Type of operating system and devices used is Plug Boards.

Second Generation (1955-1965)


The Batch processing system was introduced in the second generation, where a job or a task that can be
done in a series, and then executed sequentially. In this generation, the computer system is not equipped
with an operating system, but several operating system functions exist like FMS and IBSYS.
Example − Type of operating system and devices used is Batch systems.

Third Generation (1965-1980)


The development of the operating system was developed to serve multiple users at once in the third
generation. Here the interactive users can communicate through an online terminal to a computer, so the
operating system becomes multi-user and multiprogramming.
Example − Type of operating system and devices used is Multiprogramming.

Fourth Generation (1980-Now)


In this generation the operating system is used for computer networks where users are aware of the
existence of computers that are connected to one another.
At this generation users are also comforted with a Graphical User Interface (GUI), which is an extremely
comfortable graphical computer interface, and the era of distributed computing has also begun.
With the occurrence of new wearable devices like Smart Watches, Smart Glasses, VRGears, and others,
the demand for conventional operating systems has also increased.
And, with the onset of new devices like wearable devices, which includes Smart Watches, Smart Glasses,
VR gears etc, the demand for unconventional operating systems is also rising.
Example − Type of operating system and devices used is personal computers

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