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Lab 1

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19 views4 pages

Lab 1

Uploaded by

ksnotes02
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© © All Rights Reserved
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BIOLOGY LAB 1 | KUNAL SHARMA (Group 6) | 2023UMA0221

Lab 1
Visualization of Plants & Animal Cell

Aim: To study the cell Structure of plant and animal cells. The Motivation is to see the similarities
and differences between animal and plant cells and how they vary themselves.

Material Required: Slides and Coverslips, Needles, Droppers, Brushes and Blotting paper,
Microscope and toothpick, scalpel or blade, forceps, Stains- Methylene Blue and Aceto-carmine,
Onion.

Procedure:
Experiment 1: Observing the Plant Cell under the microscope:

1. Start by quartering an onion bulb into quarters and separate one leaf which makes
the Bulb. The membrane on the inner or concave side is delicate and can be
separated very easily.
2. Now, Use a scarpal or blade to strip off a thin layer from inside of the leaf. Place this
on a clean slide and cut it out into small pieces for observation.
3. Now, Dip the small pieces into acetocarmine stain and wait for 30 sec.
4. Now, Dip this small piece of onion into distilled water in a watch glass for 5 sec to
remove the extra stain and place it on the clean slide.
5. Place a cover slip on top. Gently lower the coverslip on the sample and avoid air
bubbles. Take a filter paper and remove the excess stain and water.
6. In order to spread the cells gently push or tap it with the back of the brush.
7. Examine the slide under the microscope.

Observational:

The Dye used here , Acetocarmine, colours the Nucleus and the cell wall and makes them visible.
It is because this dye acetocarmine colours the DNA material and as DNA is present in the
Nucleus so the nucleus appears to be coloured.

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BIOLOGY LAB 1 | KUNAL SHARMA (Group 6) | 2023UMA0221

Experiment 2: Observing the humal cheek cell under a microscope:

1. Rinse your mouth with water.


2. Take a clean and unused toothpick and scrap the inner wall of your mouth (cheeks)
gently to obtain the epithelial animal tissue (use the blunt side of the toothpick).
Discard the first scrapping.
3. Scrap again and transfer the scrap on the middle of the glass slide.
4. Then add a drop of methylene blue with a dropper.
5. Remove excess stain from using filter paper. Place the coverslip gently on the slide
with the help of a needle and avoid the air gap.
6. Examine the slide under different magnifications.

Observations:

Methylene blue dye helps us stain the nucleus, making it appear darker and more prominent. It
can also stain the cytoplasm sligthly, allowing for better contrast among the cell organelle and the
cell background.

Results

Plant Cell

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BIOLOGY LAB 1 | KUNAL SHARMA (Group 6) | 2023UMA0221

Animal Cell

Conclusion:

In this experiment, we successfully prepared and observed a stained temporary mount of onion
epidermal cells (plant cells) and human cheeks cells (animal cells) under a microscope.

Take home Questions:

Question 1: What are the functions of the structures visible under the microscope?
Answer:

The Nucleus controls cell activities and contains the genetic material (DNA), responsible for the
cell growth, reproduction and functions. The cell membrane surrounds the cells, regulating the
movement of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining the internal environment and
providing the structural support and protection from the cell.

Question 2: What could make these structures degrade and how will it impact the cell?
Answer:

Factors like the exposure to toxins, extreme temperatures or improper ph levels can cause
degradation of the nucleus and cell membrane. If the Nucleus degrades the cell loses its ability to
regulate the functions and replicate, leading to cell dysfunction or death. Damage to the cell

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BIOLOGY LAB 1 | KUNAL SHARMA (Group 6) | 2023UMA0221

membrane impairs the substance exchange, causing the loss of vital minerals and waste
accumulation which can lead to cell death and impaired functionality.

Question 3:What are the other structural components of the cell that were not observable under
light microscope and why?
Answer:

Structures like ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus are not typically visible
under a standard light microscope because they are too small and lack sufficient contrast.

Question 4: What are the different ways by which these cells interact with each other?
Answer:

Cells communicate with each other through direct contact and indirect methods, and through
chemical and mechanical signals.

Question 5: How the observations of cells under microscope have helped in our understanding of
life?
Answer:

Microscopy has helped trace evolutionary relationships among organisms, deepening our
comprehension of biological diversity and complexity.

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