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Journal of Science and Technology
ISSN: 2456-5660 Volume 8, Issue 06 (June -2023)

www.jst.org.in DOI:https://doi.org/10.46243/jst.2023.v8.i06.pp20 - 36
High Gain Step-Up Dickson Converter with Interleaved

Topology for Applications In Renewable Energy
Amritha N K, Saneep K
Dept. of EEE, NSS College of Engineering, Palakkad, Kerala
To Cite this Article
Amritha N K, Saneep K, High Gain Step-Up Dickson Converter with Interleaved

Topology for Applications In Renewable Energy ” Journal of Science and Technology,
Vol. 08, Issue 06,-June 2023, pp20-36
Article Info
Received: 17-05-2023 Revised: 17-06-2023 Accepted: 23-06-2023 Published: 30-06-2023
Abstract
Power electronics become a crucial factor on integrating Renewable Energy Sources more into the
main grid. Renewable energy resources make the power converters to have a functional and versatile
value. Enhancement of the voltage output from the renewable energy systems to a higher level can be
achieved using DC-DC Converters. Several converters topologies have been implemented so far and
Dickson converter proves to be a high efficient and high performance converter. The Dickson charge
pump along with the Interleaved boost stage provides high voltage gain, reduced current ripples and
losses in the components. The converter delivers an output with minimal voltage stresses on passive
components and semiconductor devices, which enhances the voltage potential for enhancing the
maximum power output requirements. The advanced converter topologies also make the integration
with distribution systems more beneficial. This project compares Interleaved Boost Converter, Hybrid
Nonisolated DC-DC Converter, Modified Dickson Converter with Voltage Multiplier and Bifold
Dickson Converter with Five VMC Stages to understand the voltage stresses of different components
in the converter, from which the efficiency analysis is made to decide the better converter among the
four.
The converters are studied in detail by simulation analysis using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Voltage
stress and other parameters of each component are obtained and the performance of converters are
evaluated. The study is extended to the comparison of each converters . Hardware prototype of the
converter is implemented for the validation and testing of the converter on giving a 24V, 4A supply
and obtaining a 400V DC output.
DC-DC Converters are becoming popular used now-a-days as the dependence on the
renewable energy resources have increased. Unlike the conventional sources including fossil
fuels, renewable energy resources are the one which get replenished easily. For the most
part, renewable energy sources also provide clean energy, or energy that emits
few greenhouse gases or pollutants. The difficulty is achieving the technology, infrastructure,
and political support to make this transition. There are different sources available, that
Published by: Longman Publishers www.jst.org.in Page | 20

include solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectric energy, geothermal , and so on. On coming
to the case of each energy resources, Hydroelectric energy is by far the most prevalent,
accounting for 83% of the world's electricity generation from renewable sources. This is most
likely because the requisite technology to generate electricity by harnessing the flow of water
has been around the longest, dating back to the early 20th century. Wind energy is the next
largest, at just over 7% of the electricity generated from renewable sources, followed by
biowaste and biomass energy (7%), geothermal energy (2%), and solar, tidal, and wave
energy (less than 1%). In many industrial applications, it is required to convert a fixed-
voltage dc source into a variable voltage dc source. DC-DC converters are power electronic
circuits that convert a dc voltage to a different dc voltage level, often providing a regulated
output.
DC converters widely used for traction motor in electric automobiles, trolley cars, marine
hoists, and forklift trucks. They provide smooth acceleration control, high efficiency, and fast
dynamic response. DC converter can be used in regenerative braking of dc motor to return
energy bake into the supply, and this feature results in energy saving for transportation
system with frequent stop; and also are used, in dc voltage regulation. In renewable energy
grid-connected power systems and dc microgrid systems, there are many low voltage power
sources, such as solar photovoltaic (PV) modules and fuel cells. Thus, a front-end high step-
up dc–dc converter is needed as an interface between the low voltage source and the dc bus.
DC conversion is of great importance in many applications, starting from low power
applications to high power applications. The goal of any system is to emphasize and achieve
the efficiency to meet the system needs and requirements. Several topologies have been
developed in this area, but all these topologies can be considered as apart or a combination of
the basic topologies which are buck, boost and fly back. For low power levels, linear
regulators can provide a very high-quality output voltage. For higher power levels, switching
regulators are used. Switching regulators use power electronic semiconductor switches in On
and Off states. Because there is a small power loss in those states (low voltage across a
switch in the on state, zero current through a switch in the off state), switching regulators can
achieve high efficiency energy conversion.
The main intention of using DC-DC Converters in power generation applications is to
improve the power gain. Several topologies are bought up to increase the voltage level from
the energy resources inorder to meet the existing power demands. So for meeting the power
demand , conventionally boost converters were employed. Conventional boost converters
works with high duty cycle values to obtain a higher output, which itself is a disadvantage.
Practically, the gain of the Conventional Boost Converters is limited by the conduction
losses, and obtaining a high-voltage-gain ratio is not feasible. Not only that, but the
Conventional Boost Converters also suffers from the voltage stress and reverse recovery
phenomenon at high voltages and requires a large inductor to operate in the Continuous
Conduction Mode. So several modifications were performed in boost converters inorder to
obtain a highly efficient output with low losses. The aim was to maintain duty cycle value
almost symmetric and reduce the losses of the converter.
There are different topologies adopted in Conventional Boost Converter, like, cascaded
topologies, which obtain high voltage level with low duty cycles. Due to the cascaded
topology, power is processed multiple times so making the control complicated. The three-
level boost converter is derived from the series-input series-output multiphase boost
converter. The stress on the switches and inductance requirement is reduced. However, it still
has the same gain as the Conventional Boost Converter. The single-switch quadratic boost
converter has a simple structure and does not suffer from instability like the cascaded boost
converter. However, the voltage and current stress across the switches are high, and the
inductor that ensures the CCM operation is large. Another option was to increase the turns
ratio of the transformer or coupled inductor. This happens in forward, flyback, or full bridge
topologies. These devices suffer from parasitic leakage inductance, which significantly
increases the voltage stress on the active switches and can cause damage unless additional
auxiliary is used. They are bulky and unfeasible and has large copper losses , leading to
efficiency reduction. The leakage inductor of the magnetic coupling element has a problem
that cause high voltage spikes in the circuit. Hence, an active or passive clamp is usually
adopted to recycle the leakage energy. Moreover, in case of voltage-fed transformer-isolated
dc–dc converters, the input current ripple is relatively large, which may seriously increase the
losses of the input filter capacitors and degrade the low voltage power sources.
So non isolated DC-DC Converters are opted because of its high power density, high
efficiency and low cost. Using VMC with conventional boost converters have found to
improve the voltage gain and performance. But still inductor size is substantial. Therefore,
VMC is used with interleaved boost stage to enhance the input current. By using voltage
multiplier units the voltage level get multiplied by the number of the VM stages and output
can be levelled up . The voltage and current stress on the internal components depend on the
VMC connections and the number of cells. By interleaving , two converters are
interconnected so as to have two inductors, which is identical. Interleaving helps in filtering
by connecting two or more power stages in parallel , bur driven in different phases.
Effectively, it is two boost converters with phase shift connected in parallel.
The Cockcroft Walton VMC has equal voltage stress on all capacitors. The output
impedance of Cockcroft-Walton VMC increases rapidly as the number of stages increases
and reducing the efficiency of the converter. Also, connecting many capacitors in series
limits the efficient multiplications to only if the stray capacitances are much smaller than
series connected capacitors. On the other hand, the voltage stress across Dickson based VMC
increase as the number of the stages increases. Although the modified Dickson VMC has
lower voltage stress across the components than the original Dickson cell, it only works for
an odd number of VMC.
High voltage gain interleaved DC-DC Converter with Dickson topology has high
voltage gain ratio to integrate with high voltage DC bus. The voltage stress of the
components are low and the input current is shared equally among the two phases,
irrespective of the VMC stage number. Hence the conduction losses and thermal losses are
reduced. Each stage has two capacitors thereby cancelling the voltage ripple. By the
interleaving nature , input current is continuous with low ripple. This would help in accurate
current measurement for maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Filter requirements are
also reduced. The converter does not require an output diode or an LC filter to regulate the
output voltage, so each stage can produce a constant DC voltage.
Switched-capacitor (SC) converters are another attractive solution to achieve a high
voltage gain with advantages such as ease of on-chip integration, light weight, and high
power density, as only capacitors are employed as energy storage elements. The voltage
conversion ratios of SC converters can be expanded easily through cascaded multiple SC cell
topologies. There are many limitations for the conventional SC converters. In addition, the
absence of magnetic components leads to high current spikes in the switching transients,
which is suppressed by raising the time constant of parasitic resistance and equivalent
capacitance , high capacitance value is required. The input current of these converters has a
pulsating nature, hence having large current ripple and electromagnetic interference troubles,
thereby constraining high power level applications.
SC-based resonant dc-dc converters, in which distributed stray inductances or
additional small inductors resonate in series with the switched capacitors inorder to achieve
zero current switching (ZCS) for the semiconductor devices are proposed. Thus, the
switching losses are reduced, and large capacitance values are not needed to suppress the
current spikes, so the utilization of the switched capacitors is improved. However, the voltage
regulation of such resonant dc– dc converters is still complicated. Hybrid SC topology dc–dc
converters combining SC structure and the conventional boost converter have been proposed.
By using an input inductor, the PWM voltage regulation and input current continuity can be
realized, while the high voltage gain and low voltage stresses of semiconductor devices are
maintained. However, the problem of high current spikes still exists in SC network, and the
main active switches and diodes in these converters operate in hard switching, leading to
considerable switching losses. Different topologies of Hybrid SC converter with Dickson SC
structures are present to obtain the soft charging operation which can eliminate the voltage
mismatch among the switched capacitors. One among these converter topologies is the
combination of interleaved boost converter with Dickson SC Converters. By introducing
small resonant inductors into SC networks, zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn-on conditions
for all active switches and ZCS turn-off conditions for some of the diodes can be achieved; in
addition, the reverse recovery transients for the other diodes are also alleviated by the
resonant inductors. Hence current spikes and switching losses are reduced. It includes the
features like, PWM Voltage Regulation, high voltage gain and low voltage stress across the
semiconductor devices. The interleaving operation increase the power level and also provide
low rippled continuous input current. This reduce the size and the losses in the input filter
capacitors.
Principle of Operation
The converters mentioned have a interleaved boost stage and a Dickson voltage multiplier
stage. Interleaved boost stage has two inductors connected to source, for the boosting
operation. It is switched by low side switches. Interleaved stage stores the energy and supply
it to the Dickson VMC stage. Dickson converter can have different number of stages each
having 2 diodes and 2 capacitors. Dickson converters with number of stages N=2 is similar
to Greinacher VMC, but Greinacher is not extensible , but Dickson could be. VM stage helps
in upgrading the output level. There is 180 degree phase shift between the gate signals of
active switches.
In case of interleaved converters duty cycle should not be less than 50%, there is a chance
for imbalance in the capacitor voltage and voltage gain reduction. Certain assumptions are
taken for the analysis:
o All components are considered to be ideal
o Large capacitor values are taken so as to neglect the voltage ripples
o Steady state operation of the converters
o Duty cycles are taken to be greater than or equal to 50%
o Single source voltage source is taken as the input
Here three converters are taken into consideration. They share a similarity in the operating
principle, that, they are Interleaved Boost Converter, and the modifications of IBC, i.e, Bifold
Dickson VMC Converter with five stages, Modified Dickson Charge Pump Voltage
Multiplier Converter and Hybrid non isolated Soft-Switched DC–DC Converter.
The Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) consists of two parallel boost converters with a
180° phase delay, and operating at the same frequency. The gating pulses of the two switches
in the converter are shifted by a phase difference of 360/n where n is the number of parallel
boost converters. The input is an unregulated DC voltage, which is obtained by rectifying line
voltage. DC-DC converters are switched mode DC to DC converter and are used to convert
unregulated DC input to controlled DC output . The input current for the IBC is the sum of
each inductor currents and as the two devices are phase shifted by 180°, the input current
ripples are small. The IBC has better characteristics like improved efficiency, reduced size,
greater reliability and lower Total Harmonic Distortions (THD) when compared to a boost
converter.
Figure 1: Interleaved Boost Converter

For achieving high efficiency, high power capacity, and low input current ripple for high
voltage gain applications, this paper proposes a Non isolated high step-up dc–dc converter,
which combines an interleaved boost circuit and the Dickson SC networks. By introducing
small resonant inductors into SC networks, zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn-on conditions
for all active switches and ZCS turn-off conditions for some of the diodes can be achieved; in
addition, the reverse recovery transients for the other diodes are also alleviated by the
resonant inductors. The interleaving operation can not only increase the power level of the
high step-up dc–dc converter with a high input current, but also provide a continuous input
current with low ripple, which reduces the size and losses of the input filter capacitors and is
good for the power sources. The outputs of two Dickson SC networks are connected in series
to enhance the voltage gain greatly.
Modified Dickson Charge Pump Voltage Multiplier Converter may receive power from
two sources in addition to a single source. The capacitors in the Dickson charge pump voltage
multiplier circuit are periodically charged and discharged to provide a raised dc output
voltage. The input voltage is an MSW voltage, or modified square wave voltage. As one
moves from the input side capacitor to the load side capacitor in the Dickson charge pump,
the voltages of the capacitors double at each stage.
Bifold Dickson VMC converter consists of an interleaved boost stage and a bi-fold Dickson
multiplier cell stage. The interleaved stage consists of two inductors, which is connected to
the input source. The purpose of the interleaved boost stage is to store energy and release the
energy to the bi-fold Dickson VMC capacitors.

Design Considerations
Input Current:
Input current is obtained by the input power and input voltage
Inductor current ripples:

The input current ripple depends on the current ripples of the two input inductors, which are
180◦ interleaved. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the inductor current ripples are
Where D is the duty cycle, L is the inductance and switching frequency is . The amplitude
of the input current ripple is weakened significantly due to the interleaving operation,
especially when the duty cycle is close to 0.5. The output power has no significant influence
on the ripple amplitudes of the input current and input inductor currents.
Selection of inductor:
In the operation of a DC-DC converter, the inductor is used to transform the energy from the
input voltage to the inductor current and to convert it back from the inductor current to the
output voltage. As per the principle the two inductors are identical in order to balance the
current in the two boost converters. The value of the inductor can be found out by the
following formula,
Where , is the inductor current ripple.

Inductor current has a peak value,
= +
And the RMS value of the inductor is,
√( ) ( )
√
Selection of capacitor:
The capacitors are selected based on the maximum current and voltage rating. The maximum
voltage stress across the capacitors, maximum allowable voltage ripple and frequency of
converter determines the minimum required capacitance. Both capacitors in each VMC stage
have to be equal inorder to ensure equal current sharing. The output capacitor selection

depends on the allowable voltage ripples. Both output capacitors must be equal, and they are
selected based on the equation:
Where, is the output voltage, R is the Resistance and is the output voltage change.
RMS current of the capacitor is obtained as:
= ( √ )
Active Switch Selection:

MOSFETs are the active switches due to their ability to operate at high switching
frequencies. MOSFETs are selected based on their maximum tolerable stress values, which in
turn depends on the number of stages. Voltage stresses on the switches are :
Maximum current that passes through switches is
= +
Average currents and RMS currents passing through active switches are given by the
equations,
√
Diode Selection:
Voltage stress across the diode depends on the number of stages, which is an advantage of
this topology. The voltage stress decreases with the number of stages. Maximum voltage
across diodes is given by,
Total average currents and RMS currents of the diode is given by
√( )
Voltage Stresses:

Voltage stresses of switched capacitors and output capacitors depends on the duty cycle
values.
The operation principle, the voltage stresses of the active switches and diodes depend on the
voltages of the related capacitors. Voltage stresses of semiconductor devices
The voltage stresses of the semiconductor devices are far lower than the output voltage.
Hence, semiconductor devices with low voltage ratings and low on resistances can be used to
improve the power efficiency, which are highly desired in the high step-up dc–dc converter
with a high input current and high output voltage.
Current Stresses:
Current stress of diodes is dependent on resonant peak values.
+ = =
Where, , is the average current value of the input inductors and is the
average value of the input inductors.
Voltage Ripple of Switched Capacitors:
Average value of capacitor charging and discharging currents depends on during one
switching cycle, and therefore, their voltage ripple values obtained is
Efficiency Analysis
Efficiency is calculated mainly based on the voltage gain of the converter. The losses
including the conduction losses and power loss through the MOSFETs, capacitors, inductors
and resistors are found out.
Conduction losses in the DC resistance of inductor is
as . The power losses of the inductors ( ) is,
= * +
√
gives the core loss. It is approximated using Steinmetz equation. The switching losses
in total of both MOSFETs are
= ( ( )+ )
is output capacitance and and is turn on time and turn off time respectively.
Hence the total conduction losses in MOSFETs is
= +
Conduction loss in diode is given as
∑ ∑
Power loss through capacitors are

= ESR
Efficiency of the converter
Where, = + + + +
Simulation Results
This chapter goes into detail on the simulation study of various converter topologies using the
MATLAB SIMULINK software, which is a popular graphical programming tool for analysis
and modelling. The prototype model is created and the results are validated using the
MATLAB/SIMULINK software with variable continuous solver ode45. Open loop
simulations with a precise examination of the voltage and current stresses are used to study
the converter's performance. PV panel simulation is carried out under standard settings,
where the required parameters are observed together with particular values of the
temperature, irradiance, and output power.
Simulation Parameters Specifications
Input voltage 20 V
Output voltage 100 V/ 400 V
Switching frequency 50 kHz
Inductors , and 100
Capacitor 10
Load resistance 800 Ω
Table 1: Simulation Parameters

Interleaved boost converter was designed and simulated formerly. Converter operates at a
switching frequency of 50kHz and a duty ratio of 0.8. It is supplied with a input supply of
20V peak to peak. Active switches are given pulses with phase shift. From the
simulation results studies, switch voltage is 52 V and the inductor current peak to peak value
is 2 A. The output current is 0.125 A .

Figure 1: (a) Inductor current; (b) Switch voltage ; (c) Capacitor voltage ; (d) Diode voltage
of Interleaved boost converter
So the output power obtained is 13 Watts. So, the efficiency of the converter as per
simulation is 94.2 %.
The Hybrid Non isolated Soft-Switched DC–DC converter has a hybrid topology of
interleaved boost stage and Dickson switched capacitor network. There is a PWM regulation
for continuous voltage regulation . The SC networks are inserted with resonant inductors for
avoiding high current spikes. The converter will operate in ZVS for active switches and ZCS
for diodes. From the simulation results studies, switch voltage is 110 V and the inductor
current peak to peak value is 2.1 A.

Figure 2: (a) Inductor current; (b) Switch voltage ; (c) Capacitor voltage of Hybrid Non
isolated Soft-Switched DC–DC converter
The output current is 2.45 A . So the output power obtained is 1000 Watts. So, the efficiency
of the converter as per simulation is 96.4 %.
Modified Dickson Charge Pump Voltage Multiplier converter has a resemblance of
interleaved boost converter in the input side, and having a voltage multiplier with Dickson
charge pump on the output side. From the simulation results studies, switch voltage is 100 V
and the inductor current peak to peak value is 6.8 A.
The output current is 0.5 A . So the output power obtained is 200 Watts. So, the efficiency of
the converter as per simulation is 95.6 %.

of Modified Dickson Charge Pump Voltage Multiplier converter
Modified Bifold Dickson Converter With Five VMC Stages converter has two stages , an
interleaved boost stage and an VMC stage. Interleaved boost stage consists of two inductors
operated by low side active switches. There is five VMC stages for the multiplication of the
boosted output which consists of two capacitors and two diodes each. The converter has high
voltage gain and efficiency. From the simulation results studies, switch voltage is 40 V and
the inductor current value is 6.7 A. The output current is 0.5 A . Hence, the output power
obtained is 200 Watts. Hence, the efficiency of the converter as per simulation is 97.2 %.
of Bifold Dickson VMC
The main inferences obtained from this study are:- As the number of voltage gain cells are
consecutively increased from 1 to 5 in each of the converters, duty ratio decreases from 0.9 to
0.5 in each converters. The losses due to duty ratio value is found to be decreased in Bifold
Dickson Converter with five VMC stages. Also, switch and diode voltage stresses are
reduced. The capacitor voltage stress study reveals that there is visible variation due to the
increment in the number of VMC stages.
In order to demonstrate the improvements of the converter with the other two topologies,
comparative analysis deals with the simulation research of converter topology with four
significant Dickson-based converters. When delivering a gain of 20, or stepping up a 20 V
input to 400 V on the output side, the converters are compared in terms of component stress.
Despite the fact that they might be powered from two different sources, converters in this
Component Parameter Interleaved Hybrid Modified Bifold
Boost Non Converter Dickson
Converter isolated with VMC
Soft Dickson Converter
Switched Charge
DC-DC Pump
Converter
comparison are only sourced from one input. The VM capacitors are charged and discharged
in order for these converters to function. Because of the interleaved nature on the input side,
they provide continuous input current.

Input Current Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous
Supply
Voltage 10 15 20 40
Gain
Number of
components
Inductor Current 2A 5A 6.8A 6.7A
Switches Duty 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.5
Cycle 52V 110V 100V 40V
Voltage
Capacitors Voltage = = 49 V
=50V 150 V =98 V
=145 V
= = 196
=400V V
= 200V
=400V
Diodes Voltage 100V 200V 200V 100V
Table 1:
From the simulation studies conclusions made are tabulated. The different parameters of the
converter components like input supply current, voltage across switches , duty cycle of the
switches , capacitor voltage and inductor voltage are found. Four converters provide constant
input current and operate by charging and draining VM capacitors.
Compared to other three converters, switches of the five stage converter topology experience
less voltage stress and duty ratio. When the number of VMC stages is increased, high gain
converters using Dickson charge pumps experience higher capacitor voltage stress. Despite
reduced internal capacitor stress, redesigned Dickson charge pumps have higher output
capacitor voltage stress. Capacitor stress is decreased by the Bifold Dickson converter
architecture and falls off as the number of steps rises.
In two converters, each diode experiences the same amount of diode stress, which is modest
in a five stage converter arrangement. For the converter with five VMC stages the duty cycle
has been much reduced to 0.5 which improves the converter efficiency. the converter 4 could
be considered as the better choice because of less voltage stresses of the components.
Hardware Setup
A hardware prototype of the Bifold Dickson Converter with five VMC Stages were
implemented inorder study the converter in detail and analyse the results from MATLAB
Simulations. Fig shows the prototype of the converter. The converter was designed for an
ratio of 20 , that is ( ), where 400 is the output voltage and 20 is the input supply voltage.
The converter has a duty cycle of 0.5 and a switching frequency of 50 kHz. Active switches
used were MOSFETs IRF4115 because of their low switching losses, high current ratings and

high power density. It is a low side active switch. MUR1560 is the diode used. It is having
soft recovery features and low power losses. The VM capacitors and output capacitors is
selected to be tantalum capacitors inorder to operate the converter in safe range. Due to the
high input current of the converter the chances of the short circuit is eliminated to an extend
using tantalum capacitors. Its dielectric properties include better capacitance stability ,
filtering property , by-passing and lower leakage current. Converter is fed by a 24V and 4A
DC Power supply. Inorder to avoid the heating up heatsinks were provided for all the
MOSFETs. Closed loop is implemented using microcontroller MG82F6D17 for providing the
required by duty ratio of the converter. The output voltage of the converter is divided by a
voltage follower and this value also reaches the microcontroller unit. The MCU on comparing
along with a voltage reference will adjust the duty ratio to 0.5. The switching for the both
active switches is given from the MCU with phase shift by the driver TLP350.
The output voltage of 410 V and the output of the driver TLP350 is shown in the figure. By
supplying 24V and 4A supply, the output will go out of the range as per the design
parameters. The switching frequency obtained from the TLP350 is almost 47 kHz. The
overall efficiency of the converter is calculated as 86% from the hardware prototype.
Figure 5: Hardware setup of the converter
Figure 6 : Experimental results from hardware setup

The output voltage of 410 V and the output of the driver TLP350 is shown in the figure. By
supplying 24V and 4A supply, the output will go out of the range as per the design
parameters. The switching frequency obtained from the TLP350 is almost 47 kHz. The
overall efficiency of the converter is calculated as 86% from the hardware prototype.
The different parameters of the converter components like input supply current, voltage
across switches , duty cycle of the switches , capacitor voltage and inductor voltage are
found. Four converters provide constant input current and operate by charging and draining
VM capacitors. Compared to other three converters, switches of the five stage converter
topology experience less voltage stress and duty ratio. When the number of VMC stages is
increased, high gain converters using Dickson charge pumps experience higher capacitor
voltage stress. Despite reduced internal capacitor stress, redesigned Dickson charge pumps
have higher output capacitor voltage stress. Capacitor stress is decreased by the Bifold
Dickson converter architecture and falls off as the number of steps rises. In two converters,
each diode experiences the same amount of diode stress, which is modest in a five stage
converter arrangement. For the converter with five VMC stages the duty cycle has been much
reduced to 0.5 which improves the converter efficiency. the converter 4 could be considered
as the better choice because of less voltage stresses of the components.
Conclusion
In this paper Interleaved Boost Converter, Hybrid Non isolated DC-DC Converter, Modified
Dickson Converter with Voltage Multiplier and Bifold Dickson Converter with Five VMC
Stages are designed , simulated and analysed. All the four converters re having an interleaved
boost stage and a Dickson Voltage Multiplier stage which does the boosting and levelling up
actions. The converters has the features like high voltage gain, ripple free continuous input
current, less requirements of filters, low voltage stresses and losses for the components and
higher efficiency. The performance of the converters are found out from the
MATLAB/SIMULINK results. The voltage stress of the devices, the losses and other
parameters are analysed using a comparative study of the converters. The study results in
proving that the Bifold Dickson VMC converter with five VMC stages delivers the more
output with reduced losses and stresses. The suggested converters is an excellent option for
applications requiring a lot of step-up and power. The parameters’ waveforms are obtained.
When compared to other converters, each stage’s capacitor, diode, and switch voltages are
lower. The obtained voltage gain value is 40, producing a satisfactory output. For a 20 V
input voltage, simulation analysis in MATLAB/SIMULINK yielded the desired output
voltage of 400V DC. Power - conversion efficiencies of 97.0 percent are observed by design
and simulation over a sizable power range. A hardware prototype using a 24V, 4A input
supply validates and implements a bifold Dickson converter with five VMC stages. The
theoretical analysis and higher performance of the Bifold Dickson VMC converters are
supported by experimental results from a hardware prototype with a 200W power output and
a 400 V output voltage. From hardware configuration, the calculated converter efficiency is
86.5 percent. Hence the Bifold Dickson Converter with five VMC Stages has proved to have
high efficiency and good performance.
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Journal of Science and Technology

ISSN: 2456-5660 Volume 8, Issue 06 (June -2023)

High Gain Step-Up Dickson Converter with Interleaved

To Cite this Article

Amritha N K, Saneep K, High Gain Step-Up Dickson Converter with Interleaved

Received: 17-05-2023 Revised: 17-06-2023 Accepted: 23-06-2023 Published: 30-06-2023

Published by: Longman Publishers www.jst.org.in Page | 20

Figure 1: Interleaved Boost Converter

Published by: Longman Publishers www.jst.org.in Page | 24

Inductor current ripples:

Where , is the inductor current ripple.

And the RMS value of the inductor is,

Published by: Longman Publishers www.jst.org.in Page | 25

Active Switch Selection:

Maximum current that passes through switches is

Total average currents and RMS currents of the diode is given by

Published by: Longman Publishers www.jst.org.in Page | 26

as . The power losses of the inductors ( ) is,

Conduction loss in diode is given as

Power loss through capacitors are

Efficiency of the converter

Table 1: Simulation Parameters

Published by: Longman Publishers www.jst.org.in Page | 28

Published by: Longman Publishers www.jst.org.in Page | 29

Published by: Longman Publishers www.jst.org.in Page | 30

Published by: Longman Publishers www.jst.org.in Page | 32

Published by: Longman Publishers www.jst.org.in Page | 33

Figure 5: Hardware setup of the converter

Figure 6 : Experimental results from hardware setup

Published by: Longman Publishers www.jst.org.in Page | 35

Published by: Longman Publishers www.jst.org.in Page | 36

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