Computer and programming 1

(part 1) CED 071

‫الحاسوب والبرمجة‬
Lecture 1
Dr. Ahmed Fouad
Course content

INTRODUCTION TO THE WORLD OF COMPUTERS ‫مقدمة لعالم أجهزة الحاسوب‬

MEMORY AND STORAGE ‫الذاكرة والتخزين‬

COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND NETWORKS ‫برامج الحاسوب والشبكات‬

DIGITAL DATA REPRESENTATION ‫تمثيل البيانات الرقمية‬

INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC GATES ‫مقدمة للبوابات المنطقية‬

INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING (Python) )‫مقدمة للبرمجة (بايثون‬

What is a computer?

A computer is electronic machine that

‫جهاز الحاسوب هو آلة إلكترونية‬

Takes data and instructions (input)

)‫يأخذ البيانات والتعليمات (اإلدخال‬
Perform operations on data (Processing)
)‫أداء العمليات على البيانات (المعالجة‬

Present the results (output)

)‫تقديم النتائج (اإلخراج‬
What is a computer?

Use computer to: :‫استخدم جهاز الحاسوب في‬

Write Documents ‫كتابة المستندات‬

Send email ‫ارسل بريد الكتروني‬

Play games ‫لعب العاب‬

Browse the web ‫تصفح الويب‬

Edit or create presentations ‫تحرير أو إنشاء عروض تقديمية‬

Edit or create videos ‫تحرير أو إنشاء مقاطع فيديو‬

What is a computer?

Computer have two main parts:

:‫الحاسوب له جزءان رئيسيان‬

Computer Hardware
‫أجزاء الحاسوب‬

Computer Software
‫برامج الحاسوب‬
Computer Hardware
Computer hardware is the physical parts of a computer system, including
Input devices ‫أجهزة اإلدخال‬
Communication from the user to the computer (Keyboard, mouse, mic).
Output devices ‫أجهزة اإلخراج‬

Communication from the computer to the user ( Monitor, printer, speakers).

Processor (Central Processing Unit (CPU)) ‫المعالج‬

The processor is like the brain of the computer;

it organizes and carries out instructions
that come from either the user or the software.
Computer Hardware

Computer hardware is the physical parts of a computer system, including

Primary Memory (also known as Main memory or Internal memory)

Storage for running programs and current data (short term memory)
(RAM, ROM, Cache memory, PROM, EPROM, Registers)

Secondary memory (also known as External memory or Auxiliary memory)

Long-term program & data storage

(Hard Disk, Floppy Disk, Magnetic Tapes, Solid-State Drives (SSDs)
Optical Discs, Flash Memory)
Note

RAM=Random Access Memory

ROM=Read Only Memory

Cash Memory
Note

PROM=Programmable read-only memory

EPROM=Erasable programmable read-only memory

Registers
Note

Hard Disk

Floppy Disk
Note

Magnetic Tapes

Solid-State Drives (SSDs)

Note

Optical Discs

Flash Memory
Computer Hardware
Output devices
Input devices
Printer
keyboard
Speaker
mic
Monitor
mouse
Projector
Camera
Memory Game controller Storage (secondary
(primary devices)
memory) Hard disc
RAM CD
ROM Input and output DVD
devices Flash memory
Fax SSD
Modem
External hard drive
Processor (Central Processing Unit (CPU))

The CPU hardware is designed to perform a finite set of

arithmetic and logic functions
on input data e.g., Addition, subtraction, compare, store, read, multiply etc.

CPU consist of transistors,

that receives inputs and produces output.

Transistors perform logical operations which is called processing.

Processor ((Central Processing Unit (CPU))

Main brands of CPU currently on the market

AMD (Advanced Micro Devices) Intel (Integrated Electronics)

Processor ((Central Processing Unit (CPU))

Main brands of CPU currently on the market

Apple (M1, M1 pro, M1 max, M1 ultra, M2) Qualcomm

Used in MacBook's and iMacs snapdragon
Used in smart phones and tablets
Processor ((Central Processing Unit (CPU))

Main brands of CPU currently on the market

IBM Samsung HiSilicon

Exynos processor Used by Huawei
Processor ((Central Processing Unit (CPU))

List of CPU manufacturers ‫قائمة مصنعي وحدة المعالجة المركزية‬

ARM Ltd. (sells designs only) Ltd stands for limited

Apple Inc. (ARM-based CPUs) Inc stands for incorporated

‫إدماج‬
Broadcom Inc. (ARM-based, e.g. for Raspberry Pi)

Fujitsu
Hitachi
Hygon
Nvidia
Processor ((Central Processing Unit (CPU))

The CPU consists three main parts:

Control unit (CU)

Extracts instructions from memory

and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU

Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

Register(memory unit)
Processor ((Central Processing Unit (CPU))

The CPU consists three main parts:

Control unit (CU)

Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

It is the part of computer processor (CPU)

used to perform arithmetic and logic operations
such as addition, subtraction, etc.

Register(memory unit)
Processor ((Central Processing Unit (CPU))

The CPU consists three main parts:

Control unit (CU)

Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

Register(memory unit)

Part of the computer that holds data and instructions for processing.
Machine cycle

Each time the CPU executes instruction, it takes a series of steps.

The complete series of steps is called a machine cycle.
Machine cycle
Stages of machine cycle, the series of steps
that are carried out during the machine cycle are:

Fetch stage ‫مرحلة الجلب لألوامر‬

Control unit takes the instruction that is stored in the main memory

Decode stage ‫مرحلة فك الشفرة‬

Control unit translates instruction into machine language or binary code.

The Function of the CPU
Stages of the machine cycle the series of steps
that are carried out during the machine cycle are the:

Execution stage ‫مرحلة التنفيذ‬

Arithmetic logic unit then performs (Execute)

instruction from decode stage.

Storing stage ‫مرحلة تخزين‬

Arithmetic logic unit

then place the result from execution stage into memory.
Machine Cycle Diagram
Questions

Q1: Choose the correct answer:

1- An example of computer hardware----------------

a) CPU b) Motherboard
c) Storage devices d) all the above
Questions

Q1: Choose the correct answer:

2- Commonly used-------------Devices are keyboard, and mouse.

a) storage b) output
c) input d) mobile
Questions

Q1: Choose the correct answer:

3- Three popular types of-------are hard disk, USB flash and CD

a) software b) storage
c) input devices d) memory
Questions

Q1: Choose the correct answer:

4- The------- carries out the basic instructions done by computer.

a) processor b) registers
c)RAM d) data address
Questions

Q1: Choose the correct answer:

5- What manages and directs the flow of data between each of the
components?
a) Memory b) Motherboard
c) CPU d) Chipset
Questions

Q1: Choose the correct answer:

6- The physical components of a computer are---------- ; the digital programs

running on the------------------------hardware are ?
a) software; hardware b) hardware; software
c) access codes; software d) flashware; software
Questions

Q2: Find the true statement below, then rewrite the remaining false
statement so they are true:

1- A CPU is the main board of computer which connects all hardware

components together.

A (motherboard) is the main board of computer which connects all hardware

components together.
Questions

Q2: Find the true statement below, then rewrite the remaining false
statement so they are true:

2- RAM is an external hardware device.

RAM is an (internal) hardware device

Questions

Q2: Find the true statement below, then rewrite the remaining false
statement so they are true:

3- An output device is any hardware component that allows you to enter data
and instructions into a computer.

An (input) device is any hardware component that allows you to enter data.
and instruction into a computer
Questions

Q2: Find the true statement below, then rewrite the remaining false
statement so they are true:

4- CU (control unit) executes all mathematical and logical operations.

(ALU) executes all mathematical and logical operations

Questions

Q2: Find the true statement below, then rewrite the remaining false
statement so they are true:

5- ALU coordinates all activities of the computer

(CU) coordinates all activities of the computer

Questions

Q3: match the terms with their definitions:

Questions

Q4: Compare between the following.

1- Input devices and output devices

Questions

Q4: Compare between the following.

2- ALU and CU
Questions

Q5: Fill in the Blanks.

Input device are used to get the data and instructions into the computer
1- --------------
for processing.

(hardware)
2- A computer system consists of both ----------------and (software)
-----------------.

3- Processing takes place in that part of the computer known _ _(CPU)

_ __ _ _ _ _

4- (CU) directs and coordinates all the activities within the CPU.
Questions

Q5: Fill in the Blanks.

5- (computer program)is the sequence of instructions performed to execute

one program instruction.

6- (ALU) performs all the arithmetic and logic functions in a

computer.
7- (Output devices) translate information processed by the computer into
a form that the user can understand.

8- (Main memory) holds data and instructions that the computer is

processing at the time.