2

Weightage

JEE ADVANCED

Years No. of Questions

2020 3

2021-2022 0

2023 1
3

Weightage

JEE MAIN

Years No. of Questions

2023 11

2022 18

2021 28
4

Pre requisite
5

CONTINUITY
General Introduction of Continuity

Continuity of Functions where sgn(x),G.I.F

and Fractional part is Involved

Reasons of Discontinuity

Types of Discontinuities

Algebra of Continuity

Continuity in an Interval

Continuity of Composite Function

Intermediate Value Theorem (IMVT

Single Point Continuity

Differentiability
6

General Introduction of Continuity

𝒚
𝒚
M
L
L

O 𝒂 𝒙 O 𝒂 𝒙
7

CONTINUITY
Definition of Continuity

A function 𝒇(𝒙) is said to be continuous at 𝒙 = 𝒂, if 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝒇(𝒙) exists and is

𝒙→𝒂
equal to 𝒇(𝒂).
i.e. LHLȁ𝒙=𝒂 = RHLȁ𝒙=𝒂 = 𝐟(𝐚) = A fixed finite quantity.
8

CONTINUITY
Definition of Continuity

Symbolically 𝒇(𝒙) is continuous at 𝒙 = 𝒂 if,

𝐥𝐢𝐦𝒇(𝒂 − 𝒉) = 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝒇(𝒂 + 𝒉) = 𝒇(𝒂) = A fixed finite quantity.

𝒉→𝟎 𝒉→𝟎

i.e. 𝒍𝒊𝒎− 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒍𝒊𝒎+ 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒂) = A fixed finite quantity.

𝒙→𝒂 𝒙→𝒂
9

Continuity of a function must be discussed only at points which are in

the domain of the function.
10

Question
5 Discuss the continuity of
functions.
i Continuous at 𝒙 = 𝒂 3 (i) at 𝒙 = 𝒂
𝑳
ii Not continuous at 𝒙 = 2 (ii) at 𝒙 = 𝟐

𝒙=𝒂 𝑥=2
(i) (ii)
Solution
11

Question
7 Discuss the continuity of
functions.
i Not continuous at 𝑥 = 4 5
ii Not continuous at 𝑥 = 3
6 (i) at 𝒙 = 𝟒
(ii) at 𝒙 = 𝟑
3
3

𝑥=3
𝑥=4
Solution
12

Continuity in an Interval

✓ A function 𝒇(𝒙) is said to be continuous in (𝒂, 𝒃) if 𝒇(𝒙) is

continuous at each & every point  (𝒂, 𝒃)
13

Continuity in an Interval

✓ A function 𝒇(𝒙) is said to be continuous in a closed interval [𝒂, 𝒃] if :

(i) 𝒇(𝒙) is continuous in the open interval (𝒂, 𝒃) &

(ii) 𝒇(𝒙) is right continuous at 𝒂 i.e.

𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒂) = a fixed finite quantity.

𝒙→𝒂+

(iii) 𝒇(𝒙) is left continuous at 𝒃

i.e. 𝐥𝐢𝐦− 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒃) = a fixed finite quantity.

𝒙→𝒃
14

𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏, 𝒙 ≥ 𝟎
Question 𝒇 𝒙 =ቊ . Discuss continuity at 𝒙 = 𝟎.
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏, 𝒙 < 𝟎
Continuous at 𝒙 = 0

Solution
15

𝑎ȁ𝜋 − 𝑥ȁ + 1, 𝑥 ≤ 5
Question If the function 𝑓(𝑥) = ቊ is continuous at 𝑥 = 5, then
𝑏ȁ𝑥 − 𝜋ȁ + 3, 𝑥 > 5
Ans. (A) the value of a – b is:- [JEE Main-2019]
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 −𝟐
(A) 𝟓−𝛑 (B) 𝛑−𝟓 (C) 𝛑+𝟓 (D) 𝛑+𝟓
Solution
16

𝒔𝒊𝒏( 𝒂 + 𝟐)𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙

Question 𝒙
; 𝒙<𝟎
𝒃 ; 𝒙=𝟎
If ƒ 𝒙 = 𝟏 𝟏
𝟐 𝟑
(𝒙 + 𝟑𝒙 ) − 𝒙𝟑
𝟒 ; 𝒙>𝟎
𝒙𝟑
Ans. (D) is continuous at 𝒙 = 𝟎, then 𝒂 + 𝟐𝒃 is equal to : [JEE Main-2020]
(A) –1 (B) 1 (C) –2 (D) 0

Solution
17

𝒄𝒐𝒔( 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙) − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙

Question If the function 𝒇(𝒙) = is continuous at each
𝒙𝟒
𝟏
Ans. (6) point in its domain and 𝒇(𝟎) = , then k is _________ . [JEE Main-2021]
𝒌
Solution
18

𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒆 𝟏 + 𝟓𝒙 − 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒆 𝟏 + 𝜶𝒙
Question Let the function𝒇(𝒙) = ቐ
; 𝐢𝐟 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎
𝒙 ; 𝐢𝐟 𝒙 = 𝟎
𝟏𝟎
Ans. (D) be continuous at 𝒙 = 𝟎. The a is equal to : [JEE Main-2022]
(A) 10 (B) –10
(C) 5 (D) –5
Solution
19

𝝅 𝝅
Question Let 𝒇: − , → 𝑹 be defined as
𝟒 𝟒
𝟑𝒂 𝝅
(𝟏 + ȁ 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 ȁ)ȁ 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙ȁ ,
<𝒙<𝟎 −
𝟒
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒃 , 𝒙=𝟎
𝝅
𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝟒𝒙/ 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝟐𝒙 , 𝟎<𝒙< [JEE Main-2021]
𝟒
If f is continuous at 𝒙= 0, then the value of 6a + b2 is equal to:
(A) 1 – e (B) e –1 (C) 1 + e (D) e
Solution
20

Ans. (C)
21

Question Let ƒ : R → R be defined as

𝝅𝒙
𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 − , 𝒊𝒇𝒙< –1
𝟐
Ans. (B) ƒ(𝒙) =
ax 𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝒃 , 𝒊𝒇 –1 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏
𝒔𝒊𝒏( 𝝅𝒙), if𝒙> 1
[JEE Main-2021]
If ƒ(𝒙) is continuous on R, then a + b equals:
(A) –3 (B) –1 (C) 3 (D) 1
Solution
22

Content

Continuity of Functions
where sgn(x),G.I.F and
Fractional part is
Involved
Continuity of Functions where sgn(x),G.I.F
and Fractional part is Involved

Signum Function

A function 𝒚 = 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝑺𝒈𝒏 𝒙 is defined as follows:

y
𝟏 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒙 > 𝟎
𝒚 = 𝒇 𝒙 = ቐ 𝟎 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒙 = 𝟎
𝑦 = 1 if 𝑥 > 0
−𝟏 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒙 < 𝟎

𝑦 = 0 if 𝑥 = 0
x
𝑫𝒇 ∶ −∞, ∞ O

𝑹𝒇: −𝟏, 𝟎, 𝟏

𝑦 = –1 if 𝑥 < 0
 𝒙
𝑺𝒈𝒏 𝒙 also defined as = ൝ ; 𝑥 ≠ 0
𝒙
0 𝑥=0

𝒙
; 𝑥≠0
Also 𝑺𝒈𝒏 𝒙 = ൝ 𝒙
0 𝑥=0
 Greatest Integer Or Step up Function
Y

3
−𝟏 ; −𝟏 ≤ 𝒙 < 𝟎
𝟎; 𝟎≤𝒙<𝟏 2
𝒇 𝒙 =
𝟏 ; 𝟏≤𝒙<𝟐 1
𝟐 ; 𝟐≤𝒙<𝟑 X
–4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4
–1

–2

–3

–4

Domain ∶ R,
Range : I
 Fractional part Function

𝑥 + 1 ; −1 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙 =𝒙− 𝒙 = 𝑥 ; 0≤𝑥<1
𝑥−1 ; 1≤𝑥<2

1
𝑦=𝑥+2 𝑦=𝑥+1 𝑦=𝑥 𝑦=𝑥–1 𝑦=𝑥–2 𝑦=𝑥–3

X
–2 –1 1 2 3

–1

Domain∶ (−∞, ∞)
Range ∶ [0,1)
27

𝝅
Question Discuss the continuity of the function [𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙] at 𝒙 = 𝟐 where [.] denotes
the greatest integer function
𝜋
Ans. Not continuous at 𝑥 =
2

Solution
28

Question Let 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 + ȁ − 𝒙 + [𝒙]ȁ, where 𝒙 ∈ ℝand [t] denotes the greatest
integer less than or equal to t. Then, f is.
Ans. (D)
(A) continuous at 𝒙 = 𝟎, but not continuous at 𝒙 = 𝟏
(B) continuous at 𝒙 = 𝟎 and 𝒙 = 𝟏
(C) not continuous at 𝒙 = 𝟎 and 𝒙 = 𝟏
(D) continuous at 𝒙 = 𝟏, but not continuous at 𝒙 = 𝟎 [JEE Main-2023]
Solution
29

Question Let   R be such that the function

𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 ( 𝟏 − {𝒙}𝟐 ) 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 ( 𝟏 − {𝒙})

𝒇(𝒙) = ൞ ,𝒙 ≠ 𝟎
{𝒙} − {𝒙}𝟑
𝜶, 𝒙=𝟎
is continuous at 𝒙 = 𝟎, where {𝒙} = 𝒙 – [𝒙], [𝒙] is the greatest integer
less than or equal to 𝒙. Then : [JEE Main-2021]
𝝅 𝝅
(A) 𝜶 = (B)  = 0 (C) no such  exists (D) 𝜶 =
𝟐 𝟒

Solution
30

Ans. (𝐶)
31

Content

Reasons of Discontinuity
32

Reasons of Discontinuity

Discontinuity Definition

The function f will be discontinuous at x=a in any of the following cases:

(i) lim− 𝑓 𝑥 and lim+ 𝑓 𝑥 exist but are not equal.

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

(ii) lim− 𝑓 𝑥 and lim+ 𝑓 𝑥 exist and are equal but not equal to f(a).
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

(iii) f(a) is not defined

33

Reasons of Discontinuity

A function can be discontinuous due to the following reason :

(i) 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒇 𝒙 does not exist i.e. 𝐥𝐢𝐦+ 𝒇(𝒙) ≠ 𝐥𝐢𝐦− 𝒇 𝒙
𝒙→𝒂 𝒙→𝒂 𝒙→𝒂

Ex. 𝒇(𝒙) = [𝒙] 𝒇(𝒙) = sgn𝒙

y
3 y
2 y = 1 if x > 0

𝒙
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
O 𝒚 = sgn 𝒙
–1

–2 y = –1 if x < 0
–3
34

Reasons of Discontinuity

A function can be discontinuous due to the following reason :

(ii) 𝒍𝒊𝒎
𝒙→𝒂
𝒇 𝒙 exist but is not equal to 𝒇(𝒂) i.e. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇 𝒙 ≠ 𝒇 𝒂
+ −
𝒙→𝒂 𝒙→𝒂

Ex. |sgn(𝒙)|
𝒚

𝒚 = 1 if 𝒙 > 0
𝒚 = 1 if 𝒙 < 0

𝒙
O 𝒚 = sgn 𝒙
35

Note

Polynomial
Rational
(i) All standard Trigonometric functions are continuous in
their respective domains.
Exponential
Logarithmic

(ii) If 𝒇(𝒙) is continuous at 𝒙 = 𝒂, then 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒇 𝒂 , where 𝒙 = 𝒂 is an

𝒙→𝒂
interior point in the domain of 𝒇(𝒙).
36

𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐𝟓
Question 𝐈𝐟 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟐 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝒙 ≠ 𝟓 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒇 𝐢𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐮𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐚𝐭 𝒙 = 𝟓,
𝒙 − 𝟕𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎
𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝒇(𝟓) =
(A) 0 (B) 5 (C) 10 (D) 25
Ans. (A)

Solution
37

Content

Types of Discontinuities
38

Types of Discontinuities

Types of
Discontinuities

Type-1 Type-2
Removable discontinuity Non removable discontinuity
𝐥𝐢𝐦𝒇(𝒙) exists. 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝒇(𝒙) does not exists.
𝒙→𝒂 𝒙→𝒂
39

Question Comment on the type of discontinuity of the 𝑦

function given by the adjacent graph. 2
Removable at 𝑥 =1
Non−removable at 𝑥 = 0,3
1
(1,1)
Solution –1
1 2 3 𝑥
40

𝐬𝐢𝐧𝒙
Question 𝒇 𝒙 =ቐ 𝒙 , 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎 . 𝐈𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐟𝐲 𝐭𝐲𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐮𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝟐, 𝒙=𝟎
Removable

Solution
41

(𝒙 − 𝟏)(𝟗 − 𝒙𝟐 )
,𝒙 ≠ 𝟏
Question 𝒇( 𝒙) = ൞ 𝒙−𝟏 . 𝐈𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐟𝐲 𝐭𝐲𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐮𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝟕, 𝒙=𝟏
Removable

Solution
42

Content

Algebra of Continuity
43

Algebra of Continuity

✓ If 𝒇(𝒙) & 𝒈(𝒙) are two functions that are continuous at 𝒙 = 𝒂, then
the function defined by 𝒇(𝒙) ± 𝒈(𝒙), 𝒌𝒇(𝒙), where 𝒌 is any real
number & 𝒇(𝒙). 𝒈(𝒙) are also continuous at 𝒙 = 𝒂.

𝒇(𝒙)
Further, if 𝒈(𝒂) is not zero, then is also continuous at 𝒙 = 𝒂.
𝒈(𝒙)
44

Algebra of Continuity

✓ If 𝒇(𝒙) is continuous at 𝒙 = 𝒂 & 𝒈(𝒙) is discontinuous at 𝒙 = 𝒂, then

𝒇(𝒙) ± 𝒈(𝒙) must be discontinuous at 𝒙 = 𝒂
45

Question Find the interval for which following functions is continuous.

𝒙𝟑
Ans. (i) 𝒙𝛜ℝ (i) 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟒+ȁ𝒙ȁ
(ii)𝒙𝝐ℝ − {𝟒}
𝒙𝟑
(ii) 𝐟 𝐱 =
𝟒+𝒙

Solution
46

𝟐
Question 𝒇 𝒙 = ቊ −𝟏 𝒙≥𝟎
𝒙
𝒙+𝟐 𝒙 < 𝟎
then discuss the continuity of function 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒇 𝒙 + 𝒇 𝒙
Solution
47

Ans. Discontinuous at
𝑥=0
48

TRICK

𝒇(𝒙) is continuous at 𝒙 = 𝒂 and 𝒈(𝒙) is discontinuous at 𝒙 = 𝒂 then

function 𝒇 𝒙 ⋅ 𝒈(𝒙) is continuous at 𝒙 = 𝒂 only and only if 𝒇 𝒂 = 𝟎
49

Question 𝒇 𝒙 = (𝒙𝟐 − 𝝀𝒙) 𝒙 + 𝟏 . Find the value of 𝝀 for which 𝒇(𝒙) is

continuous at 𝒙 = 𝟐.
Where [𝒕] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to 𝒕.
Ans. 2

Solution
50

2𝑥−1
Question If ƒ : R → R is a function defined by ƒ( 𝑥) = [𝑥 − 1] 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜋,
2
where [.] denotes the greatest integer function, then ƒ is :
(1) discontinuous at all integral values of x except at 𝑥 = 1
Ans. 3 (2) continuous only at 𝑥 = 1
(3) continuous for every real 𝑥
(4) discontinuous only at 𝑥 = 𝑙 [JEE Main-2021]

Solution
51

4
Question Let [t] denote the greatest integer £ t and𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑥 = 𝐴 . Then the
𝑥→0 𝑥
function, 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥2]sin(𝜋𝑥) is discontinuous, when 𝑥 is equal to :
Ans. (B)
(A) 𝐴 + 5 (B) 𝐴 + 1 (C) 𝐴 (D) 𝐴 + 21
[JEE Main-2020]
Solution
52

𝑥
Question Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 · , for –10 < 𝑥 < 10, where [t] denotes the greatest
2
integer function. Then the number of points of discontinuity of f is equal to
Ans. 8 ________. [JEE Main-2020]

Solution
53

Content

Continuity in an Interval
54

Continuity in an Interval

✓ A function 𝒇(𝒙) is said to be continuous in a closed interval [𝒂, 𝒃] if :

(i) 𝒇(𝒙) is continuous in the open interval (𝒂, 𝒃) &

(ii) 𝒇(𝒙) is right continuous at 𝒂 i.e.

𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒂) = a fixed finite quantity.

𝒙→𝒂+

(iii) 𝒇(𝒙) is left continuous at 𝒃

i.e. 𝐥𝐢𝐦− 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒃) = a fixed finite quantity.

𝒙→𝒃
55

Note

To check continuity of a function in an interval

following points should be checked : -
(i) Boundary point
(ii) Points where definition of function is change.
(iii) Point on which denominator is zero.
(iv) In case of [𝒇(𝒙)] and {𝒇(𝒙)} point on which 𝒇(𝒙) should be integer
where [.] and {. } represent G.I.F. and fractional part respectively.
(v) In case of 𝒔𝒈𝒏 𝒇 𝒙 point on which 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟎.
56

Question Find points of discontinuity of 𝒇(𝒙) = [𝒙𝟐] in 𝒙  [0, 2]

(where [.] represent greatest integer function)

x = 1, 2, 3, 2

Solution
57

Question Find the points of discontinuity of 𝒇(𝒙) = [𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧𝒙] for 𝒙 ∈ [𝟎, 𝝅]

𝜋 𝜋 5𝜋
𝑥= , ,
6 2 6

Solution
58

Question Let [t] denote the greatest integer £ t. The number of points where the function
𝜋
𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥]ȁ𝑥 2 − 1ȁ + sin [𝑥]+3
− [𝑥 + 1], 𝑥 ∈ −2,2 is not continuous is
Ans. 2 [JEE Main-2021]

Solution
59

Question The number of points where the function

ȁ𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟕ȁ 𝒊𝒇𝒙 ≤ −𝟏
𝒇(𝒙) = ൞ [𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏] 𝒊𝒇 − 𝟏 < 𝒙 < 𝟏
Ans. 7 ȁ𝒙 + 𝟏ȁ + ȁ𝒙 − 𝟐ȁ 𝒊𝒇𝒙 ≥ 𝟏
[t] denotes the greatest integer ≤ 𝑡, is discontinuous is ______ [JEE
. Main-2022]
Solution
60

Content

Continuity of
Composite Function
61

Continuity of Composite Functions

✓ If 𝒇(𝒙) is continuous at 𝒙 = 𝒂 & 𝒈(𝒙) is continuous at 𝒙 = 𝒇(𝒂),

then the composite 𝒈(𝒇(𝒙)) is continuous at 𝒙 = 𝒂.
62

Note

To check continuity 𝒇𝒐𝒈(𝒙) following points should be checked

On all point where If 𝒇(𝒙) is discontinuous

continuity of 𝒈(𝒙) is at 𝒙 = 𝒂 then all those
doubtful. points where 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒂.
63

𝑥 + 𝑎, 𝑥 ≤ 0 𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 < 0
Question If 𝑓(𝑥) = ቊ
𝑥 − 4 ,𝑥 > 0
and 𝑔(𝑥) = ቊ
(𝑥 − 4)2 + 𝑏, 𝑥 ≥ 0
are continuous on R, then (gof) (2) + (fog) (–2) is equal to : [JEE Main-2022]
(A) –10 (B) 10
Ans. (D)
(C) 8 (D) –8

Solution
64

𝑥 + 𝑎, 𝑥 < 0
Question Let f : R → R and g : R → R be defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = ቊ and
ȁ𝑥 − 1ȁ, 𝑥 ≥ 0
𝑥 + 1, 𝑥<0
𝑔(𝑥) = ቊ where 𝑎, 𝑏 are non-negative real numbers. If
Ans. 1 𝑥 − 1 2 + 𝑏, 𝑥 ≥ 0
(𝑔𝑜𝑓)(𝑥) is continuous for all 𝑥  R, then 𝑎 + 𝑏 is equal to ________.
[JEE Main-2021]
Solution
65

𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑, 𝒙<𝟎
Question Let 𝒇(𝒙) = [𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏] and 𝒈(𝒙) = ቊ , where [𝒕] is the greatest
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑, 𝒙≥𝟎

integer ≤ 𝒕. Then, in the open interval (−𝟏, 𝟏), the number of points where
𝒇𝒐𝒈 is discontinuous is equal to _____ [JEE Main-2022]

Solution
66

Ans. 62
67

Content

Intermediate Value Theorem

(IMVT)
68

Intermediate Value Theorem (IMVT)

✓ If 𝒇 is continuous on [𝒂, 𝒃], then for every value 𝒄 between 𝒇(𝒂) and
𝒇(𝒃) (including both), there is at least one number 𝒙𝟎 in [𝒂, 𝒃] for which
𝒇(𝒙𝟎) = 𝒄.

y
𝒚
𝒇(𝒃)
𝒇(𝒃)
𝒄
𝒇(𝒂) 𝒄

𝒂 𝒙
𝒙 𝒙𝟏 0 𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟑 𝒃
0 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝒙𝟎 𝒙 = 𝒃
𝒇(𝒂)
69

Note

A function 𝒇 which is continuous in [𝒂, 𝒃], such that 𝒇(𝒂) & 𝒇(𝒃) are of
opposite signs, then there exists at least one root of the equation 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟎
in the open interval (𝒂, 𝒃).
70

Question The equation 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟑 = 𝟎 will have exactly one root in the interval :
(A) (0, 1) (B) (1, 2) (C) (3, 4) (D) (4, 5)

Ans. (A,D)

Solution
71

Question Let 𝒇(𝒙) is a continuous function in [𝟎, 𝟏] such that 𝒇(𝟎) = 𝒇(𝟏). Prove
𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
that there exists a point 𝒙 in , such that 𝒇 𝒙 − 𝟒 = 𝒇 𝒙 + 𝟒 .
𝟒 𝟒

Solution
72

Question Let 𝒇(𝒙) is an odd function, continuous in ℝ. If 𝒇(𝟏) = 𝟓 and

𝒇(𝟑) =– 𝟓, 𝒇(𝟔) = 𝟕, then find minimum number of zeroes of 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟎.
Ans. 5

Solution
73

Content

Single Point Continuity

74

Single Point Continuity

𝒙 𝐢𝐟 𝒙 ∈ ℚ
Consider 𝒇(𝒙) = ൥
𝟏 − 𝒙 𝐢𝐟 𝒙 ∉ ℚ
75

𝒙𝟐 ;𝒙 ∈ ℚ
Question If 𝒇(𝒙) = ቊ , then find the points where function is
𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 ;𝒙 ∉ ℚ
continuous.

1
Ans. 𝑥 = ±
2

Solution
76

DIFFERENTIABILITY

Introduction of Derivability

Existence of Derivative Through its

Geometrical Meaning

L.H.D & R.H.D of [𝒙] & {𝒙} at integers

Differentiability V/S Continuity

Algebra of Differentiability

Derivability Over an Interval

Important concepts

Determination of Function Satisfying the

Given Function Rule

Mixed question
77

Content

✓ Introduction of Derivability

✓ Existence of Derivative Through its Geometrical

Meaning
78

Meaning of Derivative

Two fold meaning of derivative

Geometrical meaning of Physical meaning of

derivative derivative
Slope of the tangent drawn Instantaneous rate of change
to the curve at any point(if exists) of function
79

Content

What is Tangent ?
80

Tangent to the curve 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) at a point 𝑨(𝒂, 𝒇(𝒂)) is the limiting case of
secant through A

𝐵1
𝐵2

𝐵3 𝑇

𝐶1 𝐶2

𝑇′
81

Existence of Derivative Through its Geometrical Meaning

𝒚 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙)

𝑨(𝒂, 𝒇 𝒂 )

𝐎 𝒙
82

Existence of Derivative Through its Geometrical Meaning

𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙)
𝒚

𝑩((𝒂 + 𝒉), 𝒇 𝒂 + 𝒉 )

(𝒂, 𝒇 𝒂 ) 𝑨

(𝒂– 𝒉, 𝒇 𝒂 − 𝒉 )
𝑪
𝑻′ 𝒙
𝐎
83

Right Hand Derivative

The right hand derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) at 𝑥 = 𝑎 denoted by 𝑅𝑓′(𝑎) or 𝑓 ′ (𝑎+ ) is

𝒇(𝒂+𝒉)−𝒇(𝒂)
defined as : 𝑹𝒇′(𝒂) = 𝐋𝐢𝐦 , provided the limit exists & is fixed
𝒉→𝟎 𝒉
& finite. (ℎ > 0)

Left Hand Derivative

The left hand derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) at 𝑥 = 𝑎 denoted by 𝐿𝑓′(𝑎) or 𝑓 ′ (𝑎− ) is defined as

𝒇(𝒂−𝒉)−𝒇(𝒂)
𝑳𝒇′(𝒂) = 𝐋𝐢𝐦 , provided the limit exists & is fixed & finite. (ℎ > 0)
𝒉→𝟎 −𝒉
84

Differentiability of 𝒇(𝒙) at 𝒙 = 𝒂

𝑓 𝑥 is said to be derivable or differentiable at 𝑥 = 𝑎.

If 𝑓 ′ (𝑎+ ) = 𝑓 ′ (𝑎− ) = Fixed finite quantity , then derivative of 𝑓(𝑥)

at 𝑥 = 𝑎 is denoted by 𝑓′(𝑎), where 𝑓 ′ 𝑎 = 𝑓 ′ 𝑎+ = 𝑓 ′ 𝑎−

85

Note

If the function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is differentiable at 𝑥 = 𝑎, then a unique non-vertical

tangent can be drawn to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) at the point 𝑃(𝑎, 𝑓(𝑎)) & 𝑓′(𝑎)
represent the slope of the tangent at point 𝑃.
86

𝟏 −𝟏
𝒙(𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐𝒙)
Question Let ƒ(𝒙) = 𝟏 −𝟏 ; 𝒙 ¹ 0 and ƒ(0) = 0, then check
(𝟐𝒙 +𝟐𝒙 )
Ans. Not Differentiable differentiability at 𝒙 = 0.

Solution
87

Question Check derivability of 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝓵𝒏𝒙 at 𝒙 = 1

Ans. Not Differentiable

Solution
88

𝒙 − 𝟓, 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏
Question Check 𝒇(𝒙) = ቐ𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗, 𝟏 < 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐 differentiability at 𝒙 = 1, 2.
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒, 𝒙 > 𝟐
Ans. (1) Not Differentiable at 𝑥=1
(2) Not Differentiable at 𝑥 = 2

Solution
89

𝜋
Question 𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 , 𝑥≠0
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = ൝ , 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, then 𝑓 is -
0 , 𝑥=0
(A) differentiable both at 𝑥 = 0 and at 𝑥 = 2
(B) differentiable at 𝑥 = 0 but not differentiable at 𝑥 = 2
(C) not differentiable at 𝑥 = 0 but differentiable at 𝑥 = 2
(D) differentiable neither at 𝑥 = 0 nor at 𝑥 = 2 [JEE Advance 2012]
Solution
90

Ans. (B)
91

Content

L.H.D & R.H.D of [𝒙]

& {𝒙} at integers
92

L.H.D & R.H.D of [𝒙] & {𝒙} at integers

𝒚
Graph of 𝒚 = [𝒙] 𝒚
3 Graph of 𝒚 = {𝒙}
2
1
𝒙 𝟏
–3 –2 –1 0 3
–1 1 2
–2 −𝟐 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟑 𝒙
𝟏 𝟐
93

Note

Polynomials

Rational

All standard Trigonometric

Exponential

Logarithmic

functions are continuous and differentiable in their

respective domains.
94

[𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜋 𝑥], 𝑥 ≤ 1
Question ƒ(𝑥) = ቊ
2{𝑥} − 1, 𝑥 > 1
check differentibility at 𝑥 = 1.

Ans. Not Differentiable Where [.] is greatest integer function and {.} is fractional part function

Solution
95

Content

Differentiability
V/S Continuity
96

Differentiability V/S Continuity

If a function 𝒇(𝒙) is derivable at 𝒙 = 𝒂, then 𝒇(𝒙) is

continuous at 𝒙 = 𝒂.

𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐨𝐟
97

Note

Differentiable ⇒ Continuous
Continuous ⇏ 𝐃𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞

Not Differentiable ⇏ Not Continuous

But Not Continuous ⇒ Not Differentiable
98

Note

✓ If f is continuous from right and RHL of 𝑓′(𝑥) at 𝑥 = 𝑎 exist, then it is

equal to RHD of 𝑓(𝑥) at 𝑥 = 𝑎
𝑹𝒇′(𝒂) = 𝐥𝐢𝐦+ 𝒇 ′(𝒙)
𝒙→𝒂

✓ If 𝑓 is continuous from left and LHL of 𝑓′(𝑥) at 𝑥 = 𝑎 exist, then it is

equal to LHD of 𝑓(𝑥) at 𝑥 = 𝑎
L𝒇′(𝒂) = 𝐥𝐢𝐦− 𝒇 ′(𝒙)
𝒙→𝒂

✓ Hence if 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at 𝑥 = 𝑎 and lim 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 exist, then it is

𝑥→𝑎
equal to 𝑓′(𝑎)
𝒇′(𝒂) = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇 ′(𝒙)
𝒙→𝒂
99

Note

Let 𝒇′ (𝒂+ ) = 𝒑 and 𝒇′ (𝒂− ) = 𝒒 are fixed finite,

(i) If p=q ⇒ 𝒇(𝒙) is differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝒂 ⇒ 𝒇(𝒙)is continuous at x=a
(ii) If p≠q ⇒ 𝒇(𝒙) is not differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝒂 , but 𝒇(𝒙) is still
continuous at 𝒙 = 𝒂

𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞

(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = ȁ𝑥ȁ

100

Sharp Corner

Sharpe corner
A tangent from right side

Chord approaching contact point of tangent

tangent from left side

✓ Sharp Corner ⇒ non differentiable

✓ Non differentiable ⇏ Sharp Corner
101

Sharp Corner
If 𝑓 is continuous at 𝑥 = 𝑎 with RHD and LHD at 𝑥 = 𝑎 both as fixed finite
number but unequal or exactly one of them tends forwards infinite,
then the point 𝑥 = 𝑎 is called a corner point and at this point function is
not differentiable but continuous.

✓ Sharp Corner ⇒ non differentiable

✓ Non differentiable ⇏ Sharp Corner
102

𝒚 = 𝒙 𝟏/𝟑 𝒚
𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞

𝟏/𝟑
𝒚 = 𝒙

𝒙
103

Vertical Tangent

If 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at 𝑥 = 𝑎 and 𝑓′(𝑥) →  as 𝑥 → 𝑎, then 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)

has vertical tangent at 𝑥 = 𝑎. If a function has vertical tangent at 𝑥 = 𝑎
then it is non differentiable at 𝑥 = 𝑎

𝒚 𝟐
𝟐 𝒚=𝒙 𝟑
𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝒚 = 𝒙 at 𝒙 = 𝟎
𝟑

𝒙
104

Question Let k and m be positive real numbers such that the function

3𝑥 2 + 𝑘 𝑥 + 1, 0<𝑥<1 8𝑓′ 8
𝑓 𝑥 =ቊ is differentiable for all 𝑥 > 0. Then 1
Ans. 309 𝑚𝑥 2 + 𝑘 2 , 𝑥≥1 𝑓′
8
is equal to ____.
[JEE Main 2023]
Solution
105

([𝑥] + 𝑥)[−𝑥], 𝑥 > 1

Question (i) ƒ(𝑥) = ቊ check continuity and differentiabity of
−4𝑥 , 𝑥≤1
ƒ(𝑥) at 𝑥 = 1.
Ans. continuous but not differentiable,
ƒ ‘(1+) = –2, ƒ ‘(1–) = –4] Where [.] is greatest integer function and {.} is fractional part function

Solution
106

Let 𝑔(𝑥) = ቊ 3𝑥 2
− 4 𝑥 + 1 for 𝑥 < 1. If 𝑔(𝑥) is continuous and
Question for 𝑥 ≥ 1
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
differentiable at 𝑥 = 1 then -
Ans.(C)
(A) 𝑎 = 𝑏 = 4 (B) 𝑎 = 𝑏 = – 4
(C) 𝑎 = 4 and 𝑏 = – 4 (D) 𝑎 = – 4 and 𝑏 = 4
Solution
107

Content

Algebra of Differentiability
108

Algebra of Differentiability

𝒇(𝒙) Differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝒂

𝒈(𝒙) Differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝒂

𝒇 𝒙
then𝒇 𝒙  𝒈(𝒙), 𝒇(𝒙). 𝒈(𝒙) & ,(𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝒈(𝒂) ≠ 𝟎) will
𝒈 𝒙

also be differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝒂.
109

Algebra of Differentiability

𝒇(𝒙) Differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝒂

𝒈(𝒙) Not Differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝒂

then𝒇 𝒙  𝒈 𝒙 ,must be non differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝒂

𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔ȁ𝒙ȁ and 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙 .

110

Algebra of Differentiability

𝒇(𝒙) Differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝒂

𝒈(𝒙) Not Differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝒂

then𝒇 𝒙 . 𝒈 𝒙 , can be differentiable as well as non

differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝒂

𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙 and 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙 than 𝒇(𝒙). 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙 𝒙 is

differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝟎
111

Algebra of Differentiability

𝒇(𝒙) Not Differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝒂

𝒈(𝒙) Not Differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝒂

then𝒇 𝒙  𝒈 𝒙 ,𝒇(𝒙). 𝒈(𝒙) can be differentiable as well as non

differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝒂
112

𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 (i) 𝒇(𝒙) = ȁ𝒙ȁ and 𝒈 𝒙 = − 𝒙 .

𝒇(𝒙). 𝒈(𝒙) = - 𝒙 𝟐 = −𝒙𝟐 is differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝟎

(ii) 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒔𝒊𝒏ȁ𝒙ȁ and 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒙 .

𝒔𝒊𝒏ȁ𝒙ȁ+ 𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝐧𝐨𝐭 differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝟎

𝒔𝒊𝒏ȁ𝒙ȁ- 𝒙 𝒊𝒔 differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝟎
113

Overview
𝑭(𝒙) 𝒈(𝒙) Remark

Differentiable Differentiable 𝒇 𝒙 𝒈 𝒙 differentiable

𝒇 𝒙 .𝒈 𝒙 differentiable

Differentiable Not differentiable 𝒇 𝒙  𝒈 𝒙 Not differentiable

𝒇 𝒙 .𝒈 𝒙 can be differentiable as
well as non
differentiable

Not differentiable Not differentiable 𝒇 𝒙  𝒈 𝒙 can be differentiable as

well as non
differentiable
𝒇 𝒙 .𝒈 𝒙 can be differentiable as
well as non
differentiable
114

𝐓𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐊
115

Question Check the differentiability of following 𝒇(𝒙) = (𝒙 – 𝟏) ȁ𝒙– 𝟏ȁ

at 𝒙 = 𝟏
Ans. Differentiable

Solution
116

Question Check the differentiability of 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙ȁ𝒙 – 𝟏ȁ at 𝒙 = 𝟏

Ans. Not Differentiable

Solution
117

𝝅
Question Check the differentiability of function ƒ (𝒙) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + ȁ𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙ȁ at 𝒙 =
𝟐
Ans. Not Differentiable

Solution
118

Question Let the function 𝑓 : ℝ → ℝ be defined by 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + (𝑥 − 1)sin𝑥 and

let 𝑔:ℝ → ℝ be an arbitrary function. Let 𝑓𝑔: ℝ → ℝ be the product function
defined by (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥). Then which of the following statements is/are
TRUE ? [JEE Advanced 2020]
(A) If 𝑔 is continuous at 𝑥 = 1, then 𝑓𝑔 is differentiable at 𝑥 = 1
(B) If 𝑓𝑔 is differentiable at 𝑥 = 1, then 𝑔 is continuous at 𝑥 = 1
(C) If 𝑔 is differentiable at 𝑥 = 1, then 𝑓𝑔 is differentiable at 𝑥 = 1
(D) If 𝑓𝑔 is differentiable at 𝑥 = 1, then 𝑔 is differentiable at 𝑥 = 1
Solution
119

Ans. (A,C)
120

Question Let 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℝ and 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ be defined by

3 3
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎cos(ȁ𝑥 − 𝑥ȁ) + 𝑏ȁ𝑥ȁsin(ȁ𝑥 + 𝑥ȁ). Then 𝑓 is -

Ans. (A,B) (A) differentiable at 𝑥 = 0 if 𝑎 = 0 and 𝑏 = 1

(B) differentiable at 𝑥 = 1 if 𝑎 = 1 and 𝑏 = 0
[JEE Advance 2016]
(C) NOT differentiable at 𝑥 = 0 if 𝑎 = 1 and 𝑏 = 0
(D) NOT differentiable at 𝑥 = 1 if 𝑎 = 1 and 𝑏 = 1
Solution
121

Content

Derivability over an
interval
122

Derivability over an interval

𝒇(𝒙) is said to be differentiable over an open interval (𝒂, 𝒃) if it is

differentiable at each & every point of the open interval (𝒂, 𝒃)
123

Derivability over an interval

𝒇(𝒙) is said to be differentiable over the closed interval [𝒂, 𝒃] if

(i) 𝒇(𝒙) is differentiable in (𝒂, 𝒃), and
(ii) for the points 𝒙 = 𝒂 and 𝒙 = 𝒃, 𝒇′ (𝒂+ ) & 𝒇′ (𝒃− ) exists finitely.
124

Note

Derivability should be checked at following points

At all points where At the critical points of

continuity is required to be modulus and inverse
checked trigonometric function.
125

1 1
Question Let 𝑓: − 2 , 2 → ℝ and 𝑔: − 2 , 2 → ℝ be function defined by
2
𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥 − 3] and 𝑔(𝑥) = ȁ𝑥ȁ𝑓(𝑥) + ȁ4𝑥 − 7ȁ 𝑓(𝑥), where [𝑦] denotes
the greatest integer less than or equal to 𝑦 for 𝑦 ∈ ℝ. Then
1 [JEE Advance 2016]
(A) 𝑓 is discontinuous exactly at three points in − 2 , 2

1
(B) 𝑓 is discontinuous exactly at four points in − 2 , 2

1
(C) 𝑔 is NOT differentiable exactly at four points in − 2 , 2

1
(D) 𝑔 is NOT differentiable exactly at five points in − 2 , 2
Solution
126

Ans. (B,C)
127

Question Let 𝒂 ∈ ℤ and [t] be the greatest integer < t. Then the number of
points, where the function 𝒇(𝒙) = [𝒂 + 𝟏𝟑 sin 𝒙], 𝒙 ∈ (𝟎, 𝝅) is not
differentiable, is ____ [JEE Main 2023]
Ans. (25)

Solution
128

Question The number of points, at which the function

𝒇(𝒙) = ȁ𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏ȁ – 𝟑ȁ𝒙 + 𝟐ȁ + ȁ𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 – 𝟐ȁ, 𝒙  R is not differentiable,
is _______. [JEE Main 2021]
Ans. (2)

Solution
129

Question The number of points, where the function f : R → R,

𝒇 (𝒙) = ȁ𝒙 – 𝟏ȁ 𝒄𝒐𝒔 ȁ𝒙 – 𝟐ȁ 𝒔𝒊𝒏 ȁ𝒙 – 𝟏ȁ + (𝒙 – 𝟑) ȁ𝒙𝟐 – 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟒ȁ, is
NOT differentiable, is : [JEE Main-2022]
Ans. (B)
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Solution
130

Question If [t] denotes the greatest integer £ t, then number of points, at which
𝟏
the function 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟒 ȁ𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑ȁ + 𝟗 𝒙 + 𝟐 – 𝟏𝟐 [𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎] is not
Ans. (79) differentiable in the open interval (–20, 20), is______. [JEE Main-2022]

Solution
131

Content

✓ Important concepts

✓ Determination of Function Satisfying the

Given Function Rule
132

Important Concepts

(i) Let 𝒇(𝒙) be a function whose derivative is 𝒇′(𝒙)

𝒇(𝒙)−𝒇(𝒚)
then 𝐋𝐢𝐦 = 𝒇′(𝒙)
𝒚→𝒙 𝒙−𝒚
133

Question Let 𝒇 be a differentiable function from ℝ to ℝ such

𝟑
that 𝒇 𝒙 − 𝒇 𝒚 ≤ 𝟐 𝒙 − 𝒚 , for all 𝒙, 𝒚 ∈ ℝ. If 𝒇(𝟎) = 𝟏
𝟐

𝟏
Ans. D then ‫ 𝒙𝒅 𝒙 𝟐𝒇 𝟎׬‬is equal to
[JEE(Main)-2019]
𝟏
(A) 0 (B) (C) 2 (D) 1
Solution 𝟐
134

Question Let f : R → R be differentiable at c ∈ R and 𝒇(𝒄) = 𝟎. 𝑰𝒇 𝒈(𝒙) = ȁ𝒇(𝒙)ȁ, then

at 𝒙 = 𝒄, g is :
(A) differentiable if f' (c) = 0 (B) not differentiable [JEE(Main)-2019]
Ans. (A)
(C) differentiable if f' (c) ≠ 0 (D) not differentiable if f'(c) = 0

Solution
135

𝟏
Question If 𝒇 𝒙 is differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝒂 and 𝒇′ 𝒂 = .
𝟒
𝒇(𝒂 + 𝟐𝒉𝟐) − 𝒇(𝒂 − 𝟐𝒉𝟐)
Find 𝒍𝒊𝒎 .
𝒉→𝟎 𝒉𝟐
Ans. 1

Solution
136

Important Concepts

(ii) Derivative of continuous function need not be a continuous function

i.e. if 𝒇′(𝒙) exists everywhere in its domain then it need not to be

necessarily continuous everywhere.
𝟏
𝒙𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝐢𝐟 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎
Example : 𝒇(𝒙) = ൦ 𝒙
𝟎 𝐢𝐟 𝒙 = 𝟎
137

𝟏
𝒙𝟓 𝒔𝒊𝒏 + 𝟓𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙<𝟎
Question
𝒙
Let ƒ : R → R be defined as ƒ 𝒙 = 𝟎 , 𝒙 = 𝟎.
𝟏
𝒙𝟓 𝒄𝒐𝒔 + 𝝀𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙>𝟎
𝒙
Ans. 5
The value of  for which ƒ"(0) exists, is _. [JEE(Main)-2020]

Solution
138

𝟏
𝒙𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 , 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎
Question Let 𝒇(𝒙) = ൝ ; Then at 𝒙 = 𝟎
𝟎 ,𝒙 = 𝟎 [JEE(Main)-2023]
(A) f is continuous but not differentiable
Ans. (𝐵) (B) f is continuous but f  is not continuous
(C) f and f  both are continuous
Solution (D) f  is continuous but not differentiable
139

Important Concepts

(iii) Finding of 𝒇(𝒙) if 𝒇’(𝒙) is given

Ex. If 𝒇′(𝒙) = 𝒙 and 𝒇(𝟏) = 3 then find 𝒇(𝒙)
Sol. 𝒇′(𝒙) = 𝒙
𝒅𝒚
let, 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) , 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒇’(𝒙)
𝒅𝒚
=𝒙
𝒅𝒙

𝒅𝒚 = 𝒙𝒅𝒙
Integrate both side
𝒙𝟐
𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) = +𝑪
𝟐
𝟏 𝟓
Put 𝒙 = 𝟏, +𝑪=𝟑  𝑪=
𝟐 𝟐

𝒙𝟐 𝟓
Hence 𝒇(𝒙) = +𝟐
𝟐
140

Question 𝒇′(𝒙) = 𝒙2 + e𝒙 + 1 and f(0) = 1 find 𝒇(𝒙)

𝑥3
Ans. + 𝑒𝑥 + 𝑥
3

Solution
141

Determination of Function Satisfying

The Given Functional Equation
𝑓 𝑥 + ℎ − 𝑓(𝑥)
Write down the expression for 𝑓′ 𝑥 as 𝑓′(𝑥) = Lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

Manipulate 𝒇(𝒙 + 𝒉)– 𝒇(𝒙) in such a way that the given functional rule is
applicable. Now apply the functional rule and simplify the R.H.S to get 𝑓′(𝑥)
as a function of x along with constant if any

Integrate 𝑓′(𝑥) to get 𝑓(𝑥) as a function of x and a constant of integration. In

some cases a Differential Equation is formed which can be solved to get 𝑓(𝑥)

Apply the boundary value conditions to determine the value of the constant
142

Question Let 𝒇: ℝ → ℝ be a differentiable function that satisfies the relation

𝒇(𝒙 + 𝒚) = 𝒇(𝒙) + 𝒇(𝒚) – 𝟏, ∀𝒙, 𝒚 ∈ ℝ. If 𝒇 ′(𝟎) = 𝟐, then ȁ𝒇(– 𝟐)ȁ is
Ans. 3 equal to _____. [JEE(Main)-2023]

Solution
143

Question Suppose a differentiable function 𝒇(𝒙) satisfies the identity

𝟐 𝟐 𝒇(𝒙)
𝒇(𝒙 + 𝒚) = 𝒇(𝒙) + 𝒇(𝒚) + 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒙 𝒚, for all real 𝒙 and 𝒚. If 𝑳𝒊𝒎 = 𝟏,
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙
Ans. 10
then 𝒇′(𝟑) is equal to ________. [JEE(Main)-2020]

Solution
144

Question Let ƒ : R → (–p, p) be differentiable function such

𝒙+𝒚 𝝅 ƒ 𝒙
that ƒ (𝒙) + ƒ (𝒚) = ƒ . If ƒ 𝟏 = and 𝒍𝒊𝒎 = 𝟐, find ƒ (𝒙).
𝟏 − 𝒙𝒚 𝟐 𝒙→𝟎 𝒙
Ans. 2tan−1 𝒙

Solution
145

Content

MIXED QUESTION
146

Note

(i) A function 𝒉(𝒙) is defined as

𝒉(𝒙) = max. {𝒇(𝒙), 𝒈(𝒙)} then
𝒇(𝒙) 𝒇(𝒙) ≥ 𝒈(𝒙) 𝒇 𝒙 + 𝒈 𝒙 𝒇 𝒙 −𝒈 𝒙
𝒉(𝒙) = ቊ = +
𝒈(𝒙) 𝒈(𝒙) > 𝒇(𝒙) 𝟐 𝟐

(ii) A function 𝒉(𝒙) is defined as

𝒉(𝒙) = min. {𝒇(𝒙), 𝒈(𝒙)} then
𝒇(𝒙) 𝒇 𝒙 ≤ 𝒈(𝒙) 𝒇 𝒙 + 𝒈 𝒙 𝒇 𝒙 −𝒈 𝒙
𝒉 𝒙 =ቊ = −
𝒈(𝒙) 𝒈 𝒙 < 𝒇(𝒙) 𝟐 𝟐
147

Question Let S be the set of all points in (–p,p) at which the function,
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒎𝒊𝒏{𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙, 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙} is not differentiable. Then S is a subset of
which of the following? [JEE Main-2019]
Ans. (A) 𝟑𝝅 𝝅 𝟑𝝅 𝝅 𝟑𝝅 𝝅 𝝅 𝟑𝝅
(A) − , − , , (B) − , − , ,
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟐 𝟐 𝟒
𝝅 𝝅 𝝅 𝝅 𝝅 𝝅
(C) −𝟐,−𝟒,𝟒,𝟐 (D) − 𝟒 , 𝟎, 𝟒

Solution
148

Question Let [t] denote the greatest integer less than or equal to t.
Let 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙 – [𝒙], 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝟏 – 𝒙 + [𝒙], and
𝒉(𝒙) = min{𝒇(𝒙), 𝒈(𝒙)}, 𝒙  [– 𝟐, 𝟐]. Then h is : [JEE Main-2021]
(1) continuous in [–2, 2] but not differentiable at more than four
points in (–2, 2)
(2) not continuous at exactly three points in [–2, 2]
(3) continuous in [–2, 2] but not differentiable at exactly three
points in (–2, 2)
(4) not continuous at exactly four points in [–2, 2]
Solution
149

Ans. (A)
150

Question Let 𝒇 ∶  →  and 𝒈 ∶  →  be respectively given by 𝒇(𝒙) = ȁ𝒙ȁ + 𝟏 and

𝟐
𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙 + 𝟏. Define
[JEE Advance 2014]
𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒇 𝒙 , 𝒈 𝒙 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 ≤ 𝟎,
Ans. 3 𝒉 ∶  →  by 𝒉 𝒙 = ቊ
𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝒇 𝒙 , 𝒈 𝒙 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 > 𝟎.
The number of points at which 𝒉(𝒙) is not differentiable is
Solution
151

Question −𝟏, −𝟐 ≤ 𝒙 < 𝟎

Let 𝒇(𝒙) = ቊ 𝟐 and 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙) + 𝒇 𝒙 . Then, in the
𝒙 − 𝟏, 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐
interval (–2, 2), g is :- [JEE Main-2019]
Ans. (D) (A) differentiable at all points (B) not differentiable at two points
(C) not continuous (D) not differentiable at one point

Solution
152