Table2:. List of SHD factors and the corresponding treatment levels.

Notation Factor Unit Actual Value

Low level (− 1) Middle level (0) High level (+1)

A Temperature ◦C 120 140 160

B Time Min 120 140 160

C Particle size mm 0.25 0.5 0.75

Sequential Model Sum of Squares

Response 1: Yield

Table 3.Sequential model sum of squares of polynomial models

Sum of
Source Df Mean Square F-value p-value
Squares
Mean vs Total 27.38 1 27.38
Linear vs Mean 1.92 3 0.6385 3.62 0.0401
2FI vs Linear 0.2113 3 0.0704 0.3430 0.7949
Quadratic vs 2FI 2.10 3 0.7013 36.39 < 0.0001 Suggested
Cubic vs Quadratic 0.0895 4 0.0224 1.38 0.3804 Aliased
Residual 0.0647 4 0.0162
Total 31.77 18 1.76
Table 4:ANOVA for Quadratic model

Mean
Source Sum of Squares Df F-value p-value Table
Square
5:Credib
Model 4.23 9 0.4701 24.39 < 0.0001 Significant ility
A-Temperature 1.26 1 1.26 65.38 < 0.0001 analysis
B-Time 0.0302 1 0.0302 1.57 0.2457 of the
C-Mesh Size 0.6250 1 0.6250 32.42 0.0005
AB 0.0312 1 0.0312 1.62 0.2387
AC 0.1800 1 0.1800 9.34 0.0157
BC 8.882E-16 1 8.882E-16 4.608E-14 1.0000
A² 0.1445 1 0.1445 7.50 0.0255
B² 0.0774 1 0.0774 4.02 0.0800
C² 1.31 1 1.31 67.72 < 0.0001
Residual 0.1542 8 0.0193
Lack of Fit 0.1067 5 0.0213 1.35 0.4288 not significant
Pure Error 0.0475 3 0.0158
Cor Total 4.38 17
regression equation

Std. Dev. 0.1388 R² 0.9648

Mean 1.23 Adjusted R² 0.9253
C.V. % 11.26 Predicted R² 0.7886
Press 0.0168 Adeq Precision 16.2405

p < 0.05, significant. ** p < 0.0001, highly significant.

Table 1. Design matrix based on CCD with experimental responses data of Foeniculumn

vulgare miller.

Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Response 1

Run A:Temperature B:Time C:Mesh Size Yield
ᵒC Min Mm %
1 140 140 0.25 1.1
2 120 120 0.75 0.6
3 140 140 0.5 1.8
4 140 160 0.5 1.5
5 120 140 0.5 1.25
6 140 140 0.5 1.6
7 160 160 0.75 1
8 120 160 0.75 0.5
9 160 160 0.25 1.75
10 120 120 0.25 0.75
11 160 120 0.75 0.75
12 160 140 0.5 2.3
13 140 140 0.5 1.6
14 120 160 0.25 0.75
15 140 120 0.5 1.25
16 140 140 0.5 1.5
17 140 140 0.75 0.6
18 160 120 0.25 1.6

Table 7.Chemical composition of essential oil

 % composition of essential oil

ComponentsA RTB RIC Hydro Steam Superheated

Methods of
Distillation Distillation Steam Extraction
Detections
 α-Pinene 2.346 938 1.27±0.04c 1.33±0.01 b 1.44±0.02a a,b
a c b
Camphene 2.431 950 0.82±0.01 0.16±0.00 0.22±0.00 a,b
c b a
β-Pinene 2.555 976 0.35±0.00 0.41±0.00 0.54±0.00 a,b
α-Phellandrene 2.654 1006 0.12±0.00 c 0.23±0.00 b 0.33±0.01 a a,b
c a
β-Ocimene 2.75 1026 0.06±0.00 0.79±0.01 -- a,b
c b a
Limenone 3.636 1031 6.50±0.02 6.7±0.04 7.00±0.01 a,b
γ-terpinene 2.964 1055 0.34±0.01 c 0.66±0.01 b 0.87±0.02 a a,b
c b a
3-Carene 3.197 1032 0.34±0.01 0.4±0.02 0.66±0.03 a,b
c b a
Fenchone 3.326 1090 8.40±0.03 9.20±0.02 9.80±0.04 a,b
Estragole 4.286 1202 6.23±0.03 c 6.87±0.04 b 7.13±0.02 a a,b
a
Fenchyl acetate 4.933 1230 0.86±0.01 -- -- a,b
c a
Trans-anethol 5.583 1288 58.48±0.03 62.38±0.02 66.46±0.01 a,b
b

Camphore 3.846 1148 0.62±0.03 a 0.48±0.04 b 0.40±0.01 c a,b

Eugenol 7.205 1351 0.23±0.01 b 0.12±0.00 c 0.34±0.00 a a,b
a c b
Caryophyllene 7.929 1437 0.73±0.01 0.63±0.02 0.64±0.03 a,b
Methoxy cinnamaldehyde 10.749 1561 0.30±0.00 c 0.42±0.00 b 0.56±0.01 a a,b
Carvone 5.077 1242 0.66±0.01 c 0.74±0.02 b 0.81±0.03 a a,b
b b a
Carveol 4.82 1390 0.07±0.00 0.07±0.00 0.09±0.00
β-Caryophyllene oxide 11.158 1581 0.40±0.00 a -- -- a,b
Germacrene D 9.136 1502 0.49±0.01 c 0.50±0.02 b 0.56±0.01 a a,b
a
α-Amorphene 9.287 1506 -- -- 0.23±0.00 a,b
β-Farnesene 8.137 1458 0.09±0.00 a 0.09±0.00 a --
α-Copaene 6.88 1378 0.44±0.01 b 0.55±0.03 a --
b a
Phytol 15.892 1949 0.14±0.02 0.62±0.01 -- a,b

a = Identification based on retention index

b = Identification based on comparison of mass spectra
A
Compound listed in order of elution from a DB-5 capillary column.
B
Retention time
C
Retention indices on the DB-5 capillary column

Table 8:Design matrix based on CCD with experimental responses data(DPPH %)

Factor1. Factor 2. Factor3. Response 1.

Temperature Time (min) Particle size DPPH %
 (ᵒC) (mm)
140 140 0.25 65.52
120 120 0.75 74.19
140 140 0.5 75.15
140 160 0.5 67.54
120 140 0.5 84.76
140 140 0.5 74.99
160 160 0.75 75.99
120 160 0.75 94.6
160 160 0.25 21.3
120 120 0.25 91.81
160 120 0.75 94.55
160 140 0.5 65.91
140 140 0.5 74.85
120 160 0.25 78.82
140 120 0.5 83.25
140 140 0.5 74.95
140 140 0.75 84.7
160 120 0.25 72.85

Table 9: Design matrix based on CCD with experimental responses data(H2O2)

Factor1. Factor 2. Factor 3. Response 1.
Temperature Time (min) Particle size H2O2 %
(ᵒC) (mm)
140 140 0.25 69.03
120 120 0.75 75.25
140 140 0.5 75.51
140 160 0.5 78.82
120 140 0.5 75.35
140 140 0.5 75.51
160 160 0.75 76.47
120 160 0.75 81.19
160 160 0.25 74.71
120 120 0.25 65.83
160 120 0.75 76.91
160 140 0.5 78.56
140 140 0.5 77.51
120 160 0.25 73.93
140 120 0.5 72.98
140 140 0.5 75.51
140 140 0.75 76.62
160 120 0.25 68.99

Table 10: Design matrix based on CCD with experimental response data(FRAP)
Factor1. Factor 2. Factor 3. Response 1.
Temperature Time (min) Particle size FRPA mg/L
(ᵒC) (mm)
140 140 0.25 107.28
120 120 0.75 111.09
140 140 0.5 110.8
140 160 0.5 112.98
120 140 0.5 110.07
140 140 0.5 110.8
160 160 0.75 116.43
120 160 0.75 115.68
160 160 0.25 110.78
120 120 0.25 103.77
160 120 0.75 112.34
160 140 0.5 111.67
140 140 0.5 110.8
120 160 0.25 108.85
140 120 0.5 108.4
140 140 0.5 110.8
140 140 0.75 114.1
160 120 0.25 105.51