Environmental

Protection and
Management
• Environment is sum total of water, air, animals , human
man beings and other living organisms lives. Air, water,
and land constitutes our surrounding and is directly
influencing us. Singh categorized environment into four
scopes: atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere and the
• According
biosphere.
to the National Geographic, we live at the
bottom of an invisible ocean called the atmosphere, a
layer of gases surrounding our planet. Nitrogen and
oxygen account for 99 percent of the gases in dry air, with
argon, carbon dioxide, helium, neon, and other gases
making up minute portions. Water vapor and dust are also
part of Earth’s atmosphere
 Environmental awarenes
• is being aware of the state of the environment. The
environment refers to all parts of nature, living and non-
living
• Being aware of the environment is particularly important, given the increasing
environmental challenges we are facing, such as:
• climate change
• global warming
• water scarcity
• droughts
• deforestation
• floods
• pollution
 Environmental Education
• It refers to organized efforts to teach
about how natural environment
function and, particularly, how human
beings can manage their behavior and
ecosystems in order to live sustainably.
The term is often used to imply
education within the school system,
from primary to post-secondary.
• Environmental education is a learning process that
increases people's knowledge and awareness about the
environment and associated challenges, develops the
necessary skills and expertise to address the challenges,
and fosters attitudes, motivations, and commitments to
make informed decisions and take responsible action
(UNESCO, Tbilisi Declaration 1978)
• Environmental Education
is a process which is very
useful to human beings in
order to manage well their
environment and instill the
right behavior that serves
as key to sustainable
development.
 Environmental Management
• Environmental Management is defined as an attempt to
control human impact on and interaction with environment
to preserve natural resources. It focuses on the
improvement of human welfare for present and future
generations. Contrary to what the terms suggests,
environmental management is not the management of the
environment but rather is the management of the
interaction of modern human societies with, and their
impact on the environment
 3 main issues that affect
environmental managers
1. Politics

2. Programs

3. Resources
 Environmental Protection
• The aim of Environmental Protection is to reduced
risks to the environment from contaminants such as
hazardous materials and wastes, fuels, and oils. It
address pollution prevention measures and regulatory
compliance by providing procedures for safely working
with these materials, inspecting the storage vessels
and locations, and designating preventative
maintenance procedures. Also included are
environmental emergency plans, which provide the
appropriate actions to be taken in the event of a spill
or release.
Following are the factors
that affects the
environment
Impacts of Technology on the
Environment
• Technology’ refers to the application of scientific knowledge for
practical purposes and the machinery and devices developed as a
result. It has provided humans with countless benefits and has
made human lives a lot easier. In the environment, technology has
both positive and negative impacts. As the technology is improving,
the air and water pollution is drastically increasing. One of the
negative impacts includes the amount of energy that is consumed
globally. Advance technology also require more energy for
equipment and machines. Industrialized countries are considered as
the greatest contributor of greenhouse gases that causes global
warming. Despite of the negative effects, it also brought a lot of
positive impacts. Promoting awareness on the impacts of
technology advance in the environment, many countries are now
engaged in "green technology
 Human Impacts on the
Environment
• According to Berg, et al, human species is the
most significant agent of environmental change on
earth, however, our intellectual capacity has made
it possible to explore our environment to made
changes on our environment. These changes made
by humans triggered climate change, soil erosion,
poor air quality, and undrinkable water. have
greatly taken toll on our environment. Some of the
impacts made by humans are overpopulation,
pollution, burning fossil fuels, and deforestation
 Impacts of Population and
Consumption on the Environment
• The continuous growth of population lead to
environmental degradation as greater population means
more consumption of food, water, energy and raw
materials. Huge populations also produces enormous
amounts of wastes and population. Consumption, the
human use of material and energy can also have the same
impact as overpopulation. High population means higher
demand for resources such as food, water and shelter
 Impacts of Agriculture on the
Environment
• The traditional agricultural practice, slash and
burn and shifting agriculture has led to
deforestation and decline in land quality. Modern
agriculture practices resulted to greater
environmental degradation. Soil quality
degradation such as salinity, nitrate pollution,
water logging and nutrient imbalance resulted
from too much use of pesticides has led to the
evolution of more virulent and resistant pests.
 Impacts of Mining on Environment
on the Environment
• Mining is done to extract
minerals or fossil fuels from
deep deposits in the soil by
subsurface mining. The latter
is more destructive dangerous
and expensive including risks
of occupational hazards and
accidents
 Impacts of Transportation on the
Environment
• Transportation is the movement of materials and human
beings from one place to another. It could be carried out
by several ways, it could be by land or by water. Fossil
fuels are usually used to run the automobiles. The
widespread use of automobiles brought about significant
environmental problems.
• Road and highway construction caused land conversion,
loss of fertile top soil, soil erosion and clearing of forest in
the mountain areas
 The Global Warming
• Global warming is defined the warming of the earth's
lower atmosphere because of increases in the
concentrations of one or more greenhouse gases primarily
as a result of one or more changes in any aspects of the
earth's including temperature, precipitation and storm
activity. Climate change is usually seen as a result of
global warming
 2 Identified ways in managing
global climate change
• Mitigation- moderation or postponement of global climate
change through measures that reduce greenhouse gases
emission.
• Adaptation- planned response to changes caused by global
climate change
 Importance of Environment
Education:
1. All major natural resources in the country are in grave danger of
irreparable damage
2. A society cannot survive if its natural resources are rendered unfit
for use by its people.
3. The only hope of salvaging this grave situation is by making the
young aware that they need to proactively begin to protect the
environment they will inherit
4. Science and Technology can help in a limited way but cannot
deliver it
5. It is a moral and ethical education for changing people's attitude
6. To protect children living in polluted regions, environmental
education represents a relevant means of prevention
7. It is a need of the time to propose environmental education
delivered with moral concept
8. It is conceived to sustain participation of the citizens especially
the youth particularly in combating ill effects of climate change
Seven Principles of environment and
Environmental Law
• 1. Everything is connected to everything else
• This principles is best exemplified by the concept of the
ecosystem. In an ecosystem, all biotic and amniotic components
interact with each other to ensure that the system is perpetuated.
Any outside interference may result in an imbalance and the
deterioration of the system
2. All forms of life are important.
• Each organism plays a fundamental role in nature. Since
such occupational or functional position, otherwise known
as niche, cannot be simultaneously occupied by more than
one specie, it is apparent that all living things must be
considered as invaluable in the maintenance of
homeostasis in the ecosystem
 3. Everything must go
somewhere
• When a piece of paper is thrown away, it disappears from
sights but it does not cease to exist. It end up elsewhere.
Gases released in smokestacks may disperse but it will
end up a component of the atmosphere or brought down
by rains. What a particular type of waste does to the
earth's repository should be of concern to us. It may be a
pollutant or a resource depending on certain factors
 4. Everything change
• It is said that he only permanent things is change. As a
general classification, change may be linear, cyclical or
random. As example of linear change is evolution of species,
which has bought about higher and more complex types of
organisms. Cyclical change may be exemplified by seasons
and the rhythms on floral and faunal life stages that go with
the seasons. An example of random change is the eruption of
Mt. Pinatubo, which brought about great upheaval in many
parts of Luzon and changes in the topography of the land
 5. Nature knows Best
• This Principle is the most basic and in fact encompasses
all the others. Humans have to understand nature and
have to abide by the rules nature dictates. In essence, one
must not go against the natural processes if one would
like to ensure a continuous and steady supply of
resources.
 6. Our is a finite earth.
• The earth's resources can be classified as either
renewable or non-renewable. Renewable resources are
those that can easily be replenished by natural cycle (e.g.
water, air, plants, and animals) while non-renewable
resources are those that cannot be replenished through
natural cycles (e.g. ores of various metals, oil, coal).
 7. Nature is beautiful and we are
stewards of God's creation
• Among all creatures, humans are the only ones made in
God's image and have been given the right to have
dominion over all His creations. Being the most intelligent
and gifted with reason, humans are capable of
manipulating creation to their own advantage. Yet
creation exist not to be ravaged or abused but to be taken
care of. Humans cannot exist without nature.
Climate Change
and Air Pollution
 What is climate change?
• Climate Change is any change in climate over time
whether due to natural processes or as a result of human
activity. It is a change of climate which is attributed
directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the
composition of the global atmosphere and which is, in
addition to natural climate variability, observed over
comparable time periods (United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change)
 How does it occur?
• The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 4AR 2007) concludes that
climate change is already occurring and that further
acceleration will result in a two (2) degree increase in
global temperature and of extreme weather conditions.
• Climate Change is caused by the increase volume of
Greenhouse Gases(GHG) in the atmosphere. Greenhouse
gases are goes that absorb and re-emit infrared radiation,
warming the earth's surface and contributing to climate
change (UNEP 1988). These gases are water vapor, methane,
carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, ozone, hydrofluorocarbon,
perfluorocarbon, and surfur hexafluoride. When these gases
increase in volume, more solar heat will be trapped resulting
to a warmer atmospheric condition. This phenomenon is
known as the "greenhouse effect". Global warming is the
increase in the average temperature of the earth's near-
surface air and oceans that is associated with the increased
concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
• Human are responsible for the accelerated warming of
the earth. before the advent of human, climate changes
were naturally caused. Many greenhouse gases occur
naturally like methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide,
ozone and even water vapor. Other greenhouse gases
like hydroflurocarbons (HFC), perflurocarbon (PFC),
and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) which absorb and hold
greater heat are human-made. These are produced
through industrial processes, However, human
activities also add to the increase of the naturally
occurring greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
 What are the effects of climate
change or global warming?
• The warming of the Earth's atmosphere result in the
melting of snow covers and glaciers, the rise of sea level,
shorter winters, early springs, hotter summers and
delayed coming of autumns, altered forest productivity and
composition, habitat shifts of some animals, changes in the
behavior patterns of flora and fauna, spread of diseases,
stronger and more frequent typhoons, more floods, severe
droughts, stronger heat waves and heavier rains and more
• These changes in the environment as a result of climate
change have already made their impact on human
population in a global scale. Socio-economic problems and
difficulties will be amplified compounding the already
heavy burden of the poor sectors. Agriculture become less
or non-productive due to droughts and flooding. Mounting
social pressure on the damaging effects of climate change
will influence political priorities and direction.
 What can be done locally?
• 1. Mitigation - Reduce the sources of green house gas
emissions or enhance their sink or capture.
• 2. Adaptation - Moderate the harmful effects of climate
change and exploit its beneficial opportunities
• 3. Awareness - Support or join awareness raising of people in
your locally/community about climate change
• 4. Capacity Building - Carry out concrete disaster
prevention, mitigation and management activities.
 What can be done locally?
• 5. Advocate- Suggest or advocate the integration of climate change
mitigation and adaptation into organizational/institutional plans to
mainstream this consciousness.
• 6. Policy Development- Lobby for and/ or support climate change
responsive policies and ordinances.
• 7. Reduce vulnerability- Synergize efforts with other enlightened
individual or group stakeholders
• 8. Develop a stable resource mobilization mechanism or system - To
ensure and facilities the flow of financial and technical support to local
implementers