Roll No.

: Time -
Date : MM - 9

1. In a medium the force of attraction between two point electric charges, distance d apart is F. 2
What distance apart should these be kept in the same medium so that the force between them
becomes (i) 3F (ii)

Ans : For a given pair of point charges in a medium F ∝ 1/d2

(i) For the force to become 3F, the separation d must become .
(ii) For the force to become F/3, the separation d must become .

2. A positively charged rod having uniform linear charge density C/m all over it, is placed in a 2
hypothetical cube of edge l with the centre of the cube at one end of the rod. Find the minimum
possible flux of the electric field through the entire surface of the cube.

Ans :
Length of rod = l, charge on half rod =  coulomb

3. A charge q is placed at the centre of the line joining two equal charges Q. Show that the system 2
of three charges will be in equilibrium if q = – Q/4.

Ans : The system will be in equilibrium if,

4. Two fixed point charges + 4 e and + e units are separated by a distance ‘a’. Where should the 2
third point charge be placed for it to be in equilibrium?

Ans :

5. An oil drop of mass m and charge – q is to be held stationary in the gravitational field of the 2
earth. What is the magnitude and direction of the electrostatic field required for this purpose?

Ans : Let electric field = E, acting downward.

6. Figure shows two large metal plates, P1 and P2, tightly held against each other and placed 2
between two equal and unlike point charges perpendicular to the line joining them.
(i) What will happen to the plates when they are released?
(ii) Draw the pattern of the electric field lines for the system.

Ans :

7. 2
The electric field E due to a point charge at any point near it is defined as E = where q is

the test charge and F is the force acting on it. What is the physical significance of in this
expression? Draw the electric field lines of a point charge Q when (i) Q > 0 and (ii) Q < 0.
Ans :
The electric field is defined as E =

We take the limiting value of q. It indicates that:

(i) The charge is so small in magnitude that it does not change the position of source
charge.
(ii) It does not modify the electric field of the source charge.

8. Sketch the electric field lines for the following system of charges. 2

Ans :

9. Two point electric charges of unknown magnitude and sign are placed at a distance d apart. The 2
electric field intensity is zero at a point, not between the charges but on the line joining them. Write
two essential conditions for this to happen.

Ans : The two essential conditions are:

(i) two charges are of opposite sign.
(ii) two charges have different magnitudes (The charge of smaller magnitude will be
nearer to the point where the total field intensity is zero).

10. Define electric field intensity. Write its SI unit. Write the magnitude and direction of electric field 2
intensity due to an electric dipole of length 2a at the mid-point of the line joining the two charges.
Ans : Electric field intensity at a point is the electric force experienced by a unit positive charge
placed at the point.
Its SI unit is NC–1 or Vm–1.

It is in the direction opposite to the direction of dipole moment (i.e. from + ve to –ve
charge).

11. Show that the electric field at the surface of a charged conductor is given by , where σ 2
is the surface charge density and is a unit vector normal to the surface in the outward direction.

Ans : Choose a short cylinder as a Gaussian surface about any point P on the surface as
shown. The pill box is partly inside and partly outside the surface of the conductor. If
= small area of cross-section, then just inside the surface, the electric field is zero; just
outside, the field is normal to the surface with magnitude E. Thus, by Gauss's law

12. A thin straight infinitely long conducting wire having charge density λ is enclosed by a cylindrical 2
surface of radius r and length l, its axis coinciding with the length of the wire. Find the expression
for the electric flux through the surface of the cylinder.

Ans :
According to the Gauss’s law, the electric flux through a closed surface is times the

charge enclosed by the surface.

As the charge enclosed by the cylindrical surface is q = λl.

13. Two small balls with equal positive charges q coulomb are suspended by two insulating strings 2
of equal length l metre from a hook fixed to a stand. The whole set up is taken in a satellite into
space where there is no gravity. Find the angle between the strings and tension (T) in each string.

Ans : The angle between strings is 180° as only electrostatic force of repulsion will act on the
two positively charged balls.

The magnitude of force on each ball is given by

14. The figure given below shows a uniformly charged non-conducting rod. What is the direction of 2
electric field at point P due to the charge on the rod?

Ans : From the figure, we see that x-axis components of electric field due to upper and lower
halves of the rod will get cancelled out. Therefore, net electric field will be in – y-axis.

15. Two charged spherical conductors, each of radius R, are at a distance d (d > 2R) apart. They 2

carry the charges +q and –q. Will the force of attraction between them be exactly

Ans : No, as the size of spherical conductors is large, therefore, due to the mutual attraction
charges will come closer and the effective distance between them will decrease.
Therefore, the force increases as
F
16. 2
Plot a graph showing the variation of coulomb force (F) versus , where r is the distance

between the two charges of each pair of charges: (1μC, 2μC) and (2μC, –3μC). Interpret the graphs
obtained.

Ans : (a) The slope of the line is directly proportional to the force acting between the charges
for a given separation.
(b) The nature of force is attractive between charges 2μC and –3μC and repulsive
between charges 1μC and 2 μC.
According to the Coulomb's law,

17. A small metal sphere carrying the charge +Q is located at the centre of a spherical cavity in a 2
large uncharged metal sphere
as shown in the figure.
Use the Gauss’s theorem to find the electric flux at points P1 and P2.
Ans : Let us draw a Gaussian sphere of radius r, passing through point P1, then net electric flux
through the sphere

Now, we draw another Gaussian sphere of radius r2 passing through point P2.
As we can see, –Q charge will be induced on the inner side of the cavity of metal sphere.
Net electric charge enclosed = Q – Q = 0

18. A point charge Q is at the centre of a conducting shell and another charge q is outside the shell. 2
Now, answer the following:
(a) Does the charge Q experience a force?
(b) Does the charge q experience a force? Explain.

Ans : (a) No (b) Yes

19. An electric dipole is free to move in a uniform electric field. Explain its motion when it is placed 2
(i) parallel to the field, and (ii) perpendicular to the field.

Ans : (i) As an electric dipole is placed parallel to the field.

θ = 0°
= pE sin 0° = 0.
Hence, net force on dipole is also zero.
Therefore, the dipole will remain in equilibrium.
(ii)
= pE = maximum
Therefore, the dipole will rotate to align itself along the electric field, till it comes to
equilibrium.

20. S1 and S2 are two hollow concentric spheres enclosing charge Q and 2Q respectively as shown 2
in figure.
 (i) What is the ratio of the electric flux through S1 and S2?
(ii) How will the electric flux through the sphere S1 change, if a medium of dielectric constant 5 is
introduced in the space inside S1 in place of air

Ans : (i) According to the Gauss’s law, electric flux (Φ) is given by

When a medium of dielectric constant K = 5 is introduced inside S1, then the electric flux
through S1

i.e. the flux will be reduced to th of its initial value.

21. Show diagrammatically the orientation of the dipole in the field for which the torque is (i) 2
maximum, (ii) half the maximum value, and (iii) zero.

Ans :

22. Explain how neutral bodies produce charges when rubbed with each other. 2
Ans : Atoms/molecules of neutral bodies contain equal number of electrons and protons. The
electrons are bound to the nucleus by electrostatic force of attraction. When an object is
rubbed, the energy is supplied, if this energy is sufficient to overcome the electrostatic
force of attraction, with which outermost shell electrons are bound, then the electrons
come out of their shells. In this way one body looses electrons and gets positively
charged, and another body which gains electrons gets negatively charged.

23. Two identical metallic spheres A and B having charges +4 Q and –10 Q are kept a certain 2
distance apart. A third identical uncharged sphere C is first placed in contact with sphere A and
then with sphere B. Spheres A and B are then brought in contact and then separated. Find the
charges on the spheres A and B.

Ans : Initial charge on the sphere A = + 4 Q

Initial charge on the sphere B = – 10 Q
Since, all the three spheres are identical, they have the same capacity. When
uncharged sphere C is placed in contact with A, the total charge is
equally shared between them.
∴ Charge on C after contact with A = =2Q
and charge on A after contact with C = 2 Q.
When sphere C carrying a charge 2 C is placed in contact with B, again charges are
equally shared between C and B.
Charge on C after it is in contact with B = =–4Q
Now, when sphere A with a charge of 2 Q is placed in contact with B, with
charge – 4 Q.

24. 2
Consider a system of n charges q1, q2, ... qn with position vectors relative to some
origin O. Deduce the expression for the net electric field →E at a point P with position vector rP , due
to this system of charges.

Ans : By the superposition principle

25. Arrange the Gaussian surfaces shown below. In order of decreasing electric flux, starting with 2
most positive.
Ans :

26. Consider the charge configuration and a spherical Gaussian surface as shown in figure. Which 2
charge(s) out of these three will not be the cause of electric field while calculating the flux of the
field over the spherical surface.

Ans : All the charges contribute to electric field but due to charge q2 electric flux is zero as this
is outside the Gaussian surface. Due to charges +q1 and –q1 also net flux will be zero as
net charge enclosed by the surface (+q1 – q1 = 0) is zero. Hence, no flux is passing
through this Gaussian surface.

27. A circular surface of radius ‘a’ metre is in the plane of paper. A uniform electric field E(V/m), also 2
in the plane of the paper is limited to upper half only of the circular surface. Find the electric flux
associated with this surface?

Ans : As the number of field lines entering the circular surface is equal to the number of field
lines leaving it, therefore net electric flux associated with this circular surface is zero

28. An infinitely large thin plane sheet has a uniform surface charge density +σ. Obtain the 2
expression for the amount of work done in bringing a point charge q from infinity to a point, distant
r, in front of the charged plane sheet.
Ans :

29. Draw a plot showing the variation of (i) electric field (E and (ii) electric potential (V) with distance 2
r due to a point charge Q.

Ans :

30. What is an electrostatic shielding? What is its practical importance? 2

Ans : Whatever be the charge and field configuration outside, any cavity in a conductor
remains shielded from the outside electric influence. This is known as an electrostatic
shielding.

The effect can be made use of in protecting the sensitive instruments from the outside
electrical influence.

31. Draw three equipotential surfaces corresponding to a field that uniformly increases in magnitude 2
but remains constant along z-direction. How are these surfaces different from that of a constant
electric field along z-direction?
Ans :

d2 < d1 for increasing field and d2 = d1 for uniform field.

Difference: For constant electric field, the equipotential surfaces are equidistant for
same potential difference between these surfaces whereas for increasing electric field,
separation decreases in the direction of increasing field.

32. Define the term ‘electric dipole moment’. Is it a scalar or vector? 3

Deduce an expression for the electric field at a point on the equatorial plane of an electric dipole of
length 2a.

Ans : Electric dipole moment is a measurement of the strength of electric dipole. It is given by
where is the electric dipole moment and 2a is the separation
between the charges. It is a vector quantity directed from negative to positive charge on
the line joining them.
Let the dipole be made of two equal and opposite charges +q and –q, separated by 2a.
Consider a point P at a distance r from the mid-point.
Field at P due to each charge will be of equal magnitude pointing as

shown.

Resolving electric fields due to two charges. We can see that Y-axis components get
cancelled out.

33. An electric dipole is held in a uniform electric field. 3

(i) Using suitable diagram, show that it does not undergo any translatory motion, and
 (ii) derive an expression for the torque acting on it and specify its direction.

Ans :

As forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, therefore, net force = 0.

34. A hemispherical surface lies as shown in an uniform electric field region. Find the net electric 3
flux through the curved surface if electric field is
(a) along x-axis, and
(b) along y-axis.

Ans : (a) Since, the number of field lines entering the hemisphere is equal to number of field
lines leaving. Hence, the net electric flux through it is zero.
(b) As no charge is enclosed, therefore net electric flux is given by

35. State Gauss’s law in electrostatics. A cube with each side a is kept in an electric field given by 3
, (as is shown in the figure) where C is
a positive dimensional constant. Find out
(i) the electric flux through the cube, and
 (ii) the net charge inside the cube

Ans : Gauss’s law : The surface integral of electric field (electric flux) over any closed surface
is  times the charge enclosed in it.

36. Using Gauss’s theorem, deduce an expression for the electric field intensity at any point due to a 3
thin, infinitely long wire of charge/length λ C/m.

Ans : Consider a linear charge distribution with charge density λ. We imagine a symmetrical
Gaussian surface around length l of this distribution in such a way that the point P where
we have to calculate electric field lies on it.
Electric flux through the circular faces of this Gaussian surface is zero.

Electric flux through the circular faces of this Gaussian surface is zero.
37. Using Gauss’s theorem, show mathematically that for any point outside the shell, the field due to 3
a uniformly charged thin spherical shell is the same as if the
entire charge of the shell is concentrated at the centre. Why do you expect the electric field inside
the shell to be zero according to this theorem?

Ans : Consider uniformly charged thin spherical shell. Let the total charge on the shell be Q. To
calculate electric field at a point outside the shell, we consider a
symmetrical Gaussian surface (here again a spherical shell) around the shell in such a
way that the point of observation lies on it.
Electric flux through Gaussian surface =

which is same as due to a point charge of magnitude Q located at the centre of the shell
of radius r.
For any point inside the shell, the charge enclosed by Gaussian surface is zero.
Hence, the electric field is zero at any point inside the shell.

38. A thin conducting spherical shell of radius R has charge Q spread uniformly over its surface. 3
Using Gauss’s law, derive an expression for an electric field at a point outside the shell.
Draw a graph of electric field E(r) with distance r from the centre of theshell for 0 ≤ r ≤ ∞.
Ans : Consider the given spherical shell of radius R holding charge Q spread uniformly over its
surface. Construct a
Gaussian surface of radius r (concentric and symmetrical).
The field lines will pass perpendicularly through the Gaussian surface in all the direction.

So, the effective Gaussian surface area having normal field will be 4πr2.

39. (a) A point charge (+Q) is kept in the vicinity of uncharged conducting plate. Sketch electric field 3
lines between the charge and the plate.
(b) Two infinitely large plane thin parallel sheets having surface charge densities σ1 and σ2 (σ1 > σ2)
are shown in the figure. Write the magnitudes and directions of net fields in the regions marked II
and III.
Ans : (a) The lines of force due to a positive charge placed near a metal plate are as shown in
the figure.

40. A positive point charge (+ q) is kept in the vicinity of an uncharged conducting plate. Sketch 3
electric field lines originating from the point on to the surface of the plate.
Derive the expression for the electric field at the surface of a charged conductor.

Ans : Refer to Ans. 69 (a) and Ans 54.

41. Three charges Q1, Q2 and Q3 are placed inside and outside a closed Gaussian surface as shown 3
in the figure.

Answer the following:

(a) Which charges contribute to the electric field at any point on the Gaussian surface?
(b) Which charges contribute to the net flux through this surface?
(c) If Q1 = –Q2, will electric field on the surface be zero?

Ans : (a) All three charges Q1, Q2 and Q3 will contribute to the electric field.
(b) Only the enclosed charges, i.e. Q1 and Q2.
(c) No, the electric field will exist on the surface.

42. Use the Gauss’s law to derive an expression for the electric field between two uniformly charged 3
large parallel sheets with surface charge densities σ and – σ respectively.
Ans : When two plates with charge densities +σ and –σ are separated by a distance then the
region between them will experience a field E as shown here.

43. Two identical point charges Q are kept at a distance r from each other. A third point charge is 3
placed on the line joining the above two charges such that all the three charges are in equilibrium.
What is the magnitude, sign and position of the third charge?

Ans : Let third charge 'q' is placed at a distance x from a charge Q at A.

As the charges are in equilibrium therefore net force on any of the charges is zero.

Using eqn. (i), we get

44. An infinitely long cylinder of radius R carries a uniform volume charge density ρ Cm–3. Obtain an 3
expression for electric field at a point (a) inside and (b) outside the cylinder.
Ans :

45. An uncharged comb after combing hair, when brought near the paper bits attracts them. Answer 3
the following:
(a) Does the mass of comb/paper bit get changed?
(b) Is paper bit still uncharged?
(c) What is the difference between the charging of a comb and the charging of the paper bits?

Ans : (a) Yes, by negligible amount.

(b) Yes.
(c) The charging of comb is due to charging by friction.
The charging of paper bits is due to charging by induction.

46. A charge ‘q’ is divided into two part and then kept some distance apart. What should be the 3
charge of each part so that the force between them is maximum.

Ans : Let the two charges are q1 and q – q1.

Therefore, charge on each part =

47. The force between the two charges placed x distance apart is F. If both the charges are moved 3
towards each other by a distance ‘y’ then find a relation for the new force in terms of F, x and y.

Ans : Let the two charges are q1 and q2, then by Coulomb’s law,

When the two charges are moved by a distance ‘y’, then distance between them is x – 2y

This is the required relation.

48. Two identical point charges, q each, are kept 2 m apart in air. A third point charge Q of unknown 3
magnitude and sign is placed on the line joining the charges such that the system remains in
equilibrium. Find the position and nature of Q.

Ans :
49. (a) Draw a graph of E versus r for r >> a. 3

(b) If this dipole were kept in a uniform external electric field E0, diagrammatically represent the
position of the dipole in stable and unstable equilibrium and write the expressions for the torque
acting on the dipole in both the cases.

Ans :

50. (a) Define electric flux. Write its SI units. 3

(b) How is the field directed if (i) the sheet is positively charged, (ii) negatively charged?

Ans : (a) Electric flux through an area is the product of magnitude of area and the component
of electric field vector normal to it.

Its SI unit is NC–1 m2.

(b) For positively charged sheet, the electric field is directed away from the sheet. For
negatively charged sheet, the electric field is directed towards the plane sheet.

51. Consider two hollow concentric spheres, S1 and S2, enclosing charges 2Q and 4Q respectively as 3
shown in the figure. (i) Find out the ratio of the electric flux through them. (ii) How will the electric
flux through the sphere S1 change if a medium of dielectric constant ‘εr’ is introduced in the space
inside S1 in place of air? Deduce the necessary expression.
Ans : (i) Charge enclosed in sphere, S1 = 2Q

∴ Electric flux through sphere,

Charge enclosed in sphere,

S2 = 2Q + 4Q = 6Q

∴ Electric flux through sphere,

(ii) If a medium of relative permittivity εr is filled inside sphere S1, then

52. (a) Draw a graph to show the variation of E with perpendicular distance r from the line of charge. 3

(b) Find the work done in bringing a charge q from perpendicular distance r1 to r2 (r2 > r1).
Ans :

(b) Work done in moving a charge ‘q’ through a small displacement is given by

Work done in moving the given charge from r1 to

(b) If side of a square is increased to 2d then we can again construct a Gaussian surface
in the form of a cube of each side 2d, which encloses same charge q, then also electric

flux through the cube =

And through each face = i.e. remains unchanged.

53. A thin metallic spherical shell of radius ‘R’ carries a charge Q on its surface. A point charge Q/2 3
is placed at the centre ‘O’ and another charge +2Q is placed outside the shell at A at a distance ‘r’
from the centre as shown in the figure

(a) Find the electric flux through the shell.

(b) State the law used.

(c) Find the force on the charges at the centre ‘O’ of the shell and at the point A.
Ans : (a) As the electric field inside the shell is zero, therefore the flux through the shell is also
zero.

(b) The law used is Gauss’s law, which states that the electric flux passing through a
closed surface is equal to 1/e0 times the net charge enclosed by the surface.

(c) As the electric field or the net charge inside the shell is zero therefore the force on
charge Q/w is also zero.

Force on charge at ‘A’

54. Define electric flux. Write its SI units. A spherical rubber balloon carries a charge that is 3
uniformly distributed over its surface. As the balloon is blown up and increases in size, how does
the total electric flux coming out of the surface change? Give reason.

Ans : The total number of electric lines of force passing through a given area normally is
called electric flux through that area.

Its SI unit is N m2 C–1.

As electric flux does not depend upon the shape and size of the closed surface. The
electric flux coming out of the surface will remain same as long as the charge enclosed
by it remains same.

55. Define electric flux. Write its SI units. A spherical rubber balloon carries a charge that is 3
uniformly distributed over its surface. As the balloon is blown up and increases in size, how does
the total electric flux coming out of the surface change? Give reason.

Ans : The total number of electric lines of force passing through a given area normally is
called electric flux through that area.

Its SI unit is N m2 C–1.

As electric flux does not depend upon the shape and size of the closed surface. The
electric flux coming out of the surface will remain same as long as the charge enclosed
by it remains same.

56. Define electric flux. Write its SI units. A spherical rubber balloon carries a charge that is 3
uniformly distributed over its surface. As the balloon is blown up and increases in size, how does
the total electric flux coming out of the surface change? Give reason.
Ans : The total number of electric lines of force passing through a given area normally is
called electric flux through that area.

Its SI unit is N m2 C–1.

As electric flux does not depend upon the shape and size of the closed surface. The
electric flux coming out of the surface will remain same as long as the charge enclosed
by it remains same.

57. Define electric flux. Write its SI units. A spherical rubber balloon carries a charge that is 3
uniformly distributed over its surface. As the balloon is blown up and increases in size, how does
the total electric flux coming out of the surface change? Give reason.

Ans : The total number of electric lines of force passing through a given area normally is
called electric flux through that area.

Its SI unit is N m2 C–1.

As electric flux does not depend upon the shape and size of the closed surface. The
electric flux coming out of the surface will remain same as long as the charge enclosed
by it remains same.

58. An electric dipole of dipole moment p is held in a uniform electric fieldE . 5

(i) Prove that no translatory force acts on the dipole.
(ii) Hence prove that the torque acting on the dipole is given by pE sin θ, indicating the direction
along which it acts.
(iii) How much work is required in turning the electric dipole, from the position of most stable
equilibrium to the position of most unstable equilibrium?

Ans :

59. (a) Define electric flux. Write its SI units. 5

(b) Using Gauss’s law, prove that the electric field at a point due to a uniformly charged infinite
plane sheet is independent of the distance from it.
(c) How is the field directed if (i) the sheet is positively charged, (ii) negatively charged?
Ans : (a) Refer to Ans. 29.
(b) Consider a thin infinite sheet of charge with uniform surface charge density σ. To
calculate electric field at a point P distant r from the sheet we imagine a symmetrical
Gaussian surface in such a way that the point charge lies on it. Here we assume a
cylinder of cross-sectional area A and length 2r with its axis perpendicular to the sheet.
Flux through the curved surface of the cylinder,

Total flux through plane faces of the cylinder,

Net flux through the Gaussian surface is

Φ = Φ1 + Φ2 = 2EA ...(i)
Net charge enclosed by the Gaussian surface is
Q = σA
According to the Gauss’s theorem,

60. (a) State Gauss’s law. Use it to deduce the expression for the electric field due to a uniformly 5
charged thin spherical shell at points (i) inside and (ii) outside the shell.
(b) Two identical metallic spheres A and B having charges +4Q and –10Q are kept a certain
distance apart. A third identical uncharged sphere C is first placed in contact with sphere A and
then with sphere B.
Spheres A and B are then brought in contact and then separated. Find the charges on the spheres A
and B.

Ans : (a) Gauss’s Law states that the net outward flux through any closed surface is equal to
 times the charge enclosed by the closed surface.
(i) When the point P is inside the shell.
In this case, the Gaussian surface lies inside the spherical shell and hence no charge is
enclosed by it.
 or E = 0, i.e. there is no electric field inside a charged spherical shell.

(ii) When the point P lies outside the shell

Consider a spherical shell of radius R having charge Q. To find the electric intensity at a
point P at a distance r2 from the centre of the spherical shell imagine a spherical
Gaussian surface of radius r2 to be drawn around the charged shell. At every point of this
shell, the vector and vector are directed outwards in the same direction, i.e. θ = 0.

Initial charge on the sphere A = + 4 Q

Initial charge on the sphere B = – 10 Q
Since, all the three spheres are identical, they have the same capacity. When
uncharged sphere C is placed in contact with A, the total charge is
equally shared between them.
∴ Charge on C after contact with A = =2Q
and charge on A after contact with C = 2 Q.
When sphere C carrying a charge 2 C is placed in contact with B, again charges are
equally shared between C and B.
Charge on C after it is in contact with B = =–4Q
Now, when sphere A with a charge of 2 Q is placed in contact with B, with
charge – 4 Q.

61. Using Gauss’s law deduce the expression for the electric field due to a uniformly charged 5
spherical conducting shell of radius R at a point (i) outside and (ii) inside the shell.
Plot a graph showing variation of electric field as a function of r > R and r < R. (r being the distance
from the centre of the shell)
Ans : Refer to Ans. 77.

A graph showing variation of electric field as a function of r > R and r < R is shown below.

62. (a) (a) Deduce the expression for the torque acting on a dipole of dipole moment in the 5
presence of a uniform electric field
(b) Consider two hollow concentric spheres, S1 and S2, enclosing charges 2Q and 4Q respectively
as shown in the figure. (i) Find out the ratio of the electric flux through them. (ii) How will the
electric flux through the sphere S1 change if a medium of dielectric constant ‘εr’ is introduced in the
space inside S1 in place of air? Deduce the necessary expression.
Ans : (a) Let an electric dipole of length 2l and charges – q and q be situated in the electric
field as shown in the figure.
As the forces and act at two different points, they will produce a torque.
Torque = either of the force × perpendicular distance between them
∴ τ = qE × 2l sin θ = q 2lE sin θ
= pE sin θ
Vectorially, we can express as

63. (a) Using Gauss’s law, derive an expression for the electric field intensity at any point outside a 5
uniformly charged thin spherical shell of radius R and charge density σ C/m2. Draw the field lines
when the charge density of the sphere is (i) positive, (ii) negative.
(b) A uniformly charged conducting sphere of 2.5 m in diameter has a surface charge density of
100 μC/m2. Calculate the (i) charge on the sphere, and (ii) total electric flux passing through the
sphere.

Ans : (a) To find out electric field at a point outside a spherical charged shell, we imagine a
symmetrical Gaussian surface in such a way that the point lies on it.
64. (a) Define electric flux. Is it a scalar or a vector quantity? 5

A point charge q is at a distance of d/2 directly above the centre of a square of side d, as shown in
the figure. Use Gauss’ law to obtain the expression for the electric flux through the square.
 (b) If the point charge is now moved to a distance ‘d’ from the centre of the square and the side of
the square is doubled, explain how the electric flux will be affected.

Ans : (a) Electric flux through an area is the product of the magnitude of the area and the
component of electric field vector normal to it.

Electric flux (ϕ) through the cube

There are 6 faces of cube in total.

∴ Electric flux through one face =

(b) If side of a square is increased to 2d then we can again construct a Gaussian surface
in the form of a cube of each side 2d, which encloses same charge q, then also electric

flux through the cube =

And through each face = i.e. remainsunchanged.

65. (a) “The outward electric flux due to charge +Q is independent of the shape and size of the 5
surface which encloses it.” Give two reasons to justify this statement.

(b) Two identical circular loop ‘1’ and ‘2’ of radius R each have linear charge densities –λ and +λ
C/m respectively. The loops are placed coaxially with their centre R√3 distance apart. Find the
magnitude and direction of the net electric field at centre of loop ‘1’.
Ans : (a) the outward flux due to the charge enclosed inside a surface is the number of field
lines coming out ofthe surface. It is independent of the shape and sizebecause:

(i) Number of field lines coming out from a closed surface enclosing the charge does
notdepend on the position of the charge inside theclosed surface.

(ii) Number of electric field lines coming out froma closed surface enclosing the charge
dependson the charge enclosed by the surface, whichremains constant irrespective to
shape andsize of the conductor.

66. (a) Use Gauss’s law to obtain an expression for the electric field due to an infinitely long thin 5
straight wire with uniform linear charge density λ.

(b) an infinitely long positively charged straight wire has a linear charge density λ. An electron is
revolving in a circle with a constant speed v such that the wire passes through the centre and is
perpendicular to the plane of the circle. Find the kinetic energy of the electron in terms of
magnitudes of its charge and linear charge density λ on the wire.

(c) Draw a graph of kinetic energy as a function of linear charge density λ.

Ans : (a) Electric field intensity due to infinitely long charged straight wire:

Consider a linear charge distribution with charge density λ. We imagine a symmetrical

Gaussian surface around length l of this distribution in such a way that the point P where
we have to calculate electric field lies on it.
 Electric flux through the circular faces of this Gaussian surface is zero.

= E.ds cos 90° = 0 (∵ θ = 90°)

Electric flux through the curved surface is given by

Net flux through the Gaussian surface is given by

From equations (i) and (ii), we get

67. 5
(a) An electric dipole of dipole moment consists of point charges +q and –q separated by a
distance 2a apart. Deduce the expression for the electric field due to the dipole at a distance x
from the centre of the dipole on its axial line in terms of the dipole moment . Hence show that in
the limit x >> a, → 2 p /(4pe0x3).

Given the electric field in the region = 2xi, find the net electric flux through the cube and the
charge enclosed by it.
Ans : (a) Electric field intensity at a point on the axial line of an electric dipole: Electric field
intensity at a point on the axis of an electric dipole.

(b) As the electric field is along x-axis only the faces perpendicular to the direction of x-
axis, contribute to the electric flux.
68. Three point charges of +2 μC, –3 μC and –3 μC are kept at the vertices A, B and C respectively of 4
an equilateral triangle of side 20 cm as shown in the figure. What should be the sign and magnitude
of the charge to be placed at the mid-point (M) of side BC so that the charge at A remains in
equilibrium?

Ans :

69. How much positive and negative charge is there in a cup of water? Assume that the mass of one 4
cup of water is 250 g.
Ans : Let the mass of 1 cup of water = 250 g
Molar mass of water = 18 g

No. of molecules in 1 cup of water = 13.9 × 6.02 × 1023

1 molecule of water contains 10 protons and 10 electrons.
The magnitude of positive and negative charge each = 10 × 13.9 × 6.02 × 1023 × 1.6 ×
10–19C = 1.34 × 107C

70. Given a uniform electric field = 5 × 103 N/C, find the flux of this field through a square of 10 4
cm on a side whose plane is parallel to the y-z plane. What would be the flux through the same
square if the plane makes a 30° angle with the x-axis?

Ans :

71. An electric dipole of length 4 cm, when placed with its axis making an angle of 60° with a 4
uniform electric field, experiences a torque of Nm. Calculate the potential energy of the
dipole, if it has charge ±8 nC.

Ans :

72. An electron moves a distance of 6.0 cm when accelerated from rest by an electric field of 4
strength 2 × 104 NC–1. Calculate the time of travel.

Ans :

73. Two small identical electrical dipoles AB and CD, each of dipole moment p are kept at an angle 4
of 120° as shown in the figure. What is the resultant dipole moment of this combination? If this
 system is subjected to electric field directed along +X direction, what will be the magnitude
and direction of the torque acting on this?

Ans : The resultant dipole moment is given by

74. Two large parallel thin metallic plates are placed close to each other. The plates have surface 4
charge densities of opposite signs and of magnitude 20 ×10–12 C/m2. Calculate the electric field
intensity (i) in the outer region of the plates, and (ii) in the interior region between the plates.
Ans : Electric field due to positively charged plate is given by

Electric field due to negatively charged plate is given by

For σ1 = σ2 = σ
(i) Net electric field in the outer region is calculated as

(ii) Net electric field in the interior region is calculated as

75. A charge Q is distributed uniformly on a ring of radius R. A sphere of equal radius R is 4

constructed with its centre at the periphery of the ring. Find the flux of the electric field through the
surface of the sphere.

Ans : Since, ∆AOO′ and ∆BOO′ are equilateral triangles.

76. The electric field in a region is given by 4

Find the flux of this field through a rectangular surface area of 0.2 m2 parallel to y-z plane.
Ans :

77. Given a uniformly charged plane/ sheet of surface charge density σ = 2×1017 C/m2. 4

(i) Find the electric field intensity at a point A, 5mm away from the sheet on the left side.
(ii) Given a straight line with three points X, Y and Z placed 50 cm away from the charged sheet on
the right side. At which of these points, the field due to the sheet remain the same as that of point A
and why?

Ans :
(i) At a point A, E = = 1.1 × 1028 N/C directed away from the

sheet.

(ii) At point Y, the field due the sheet remains the same as that of point A. Because at 50
cm, the charged sheet acts as a finite sheet and thus, the magnitude remains same
towards the middle region of the planar sheet. At point X and Z, which are near the outer
boundary of the plate; field lines bend due to the fringing effect.

78. The electric field induced in a dielectric when placed in an external field is 1/10 times the 4
external field. Calculate relative permittivity of the dielectric.

Ans :

79. The sum of two point charges is 7 μC. They repel each other with a force of 1 N when kept 30 cm 4
apart in free space. Calculate the value of each charge.
Ans :

80. A spherical Gaussian surface encloses a charge of 8.85 × 10–10 C. 4

(i) Calculate the electric flux passing through the surface.
(ii) How would the flux change if the radius of the Gaussian surface is doubled and why?

Ans :

(ii) As flux depends only upon the charge enclosed by the surface, it will not change.

81. Figure shows three point charges, +2q, –q and +3q. Two charges +2q and –q are enclosed within 4
a surface S. What is the electric flux due to this configuration through the surface S?

Ans :

82. An electric dipole of dipole moment 20 × 10–6 Cm is enclosed by a closed surface. What is the 4
net flux coming out of the surface?

Ans : Zero, as net charge enclosed

83. An electric dipole consists of charges ±2.0 × 10–8C separated by a distance of 2.0 × 10–3 m. It is 4
placed near a long line charge of linear charge density 4.0 × 10–4 C/m as shown in the figure, such
that the negative charge is at a distance of 2.0 cm from the line charge. Find the force acting on the
dipole.

Ans :

Fnet = 0.33 N towards the line charge.

84. A charge +q is fixed on the y-axis at a distance 1 m from the origin and another charge +2q is 4
fixed on the x-axis at a distance of √2 m from the origin. A third charge –q is placed at the origin.
Find the direction in which –q charge moves.
Ans : Force on –q due to +q at ‘B’

Force on –q due to +2q at ‘A’

For direction of resultant force,

or θ = 45°

Therefore, charge –q will move in the direction which makes an angle of 45° with x-axis.

85. Two point charges X and Y, having charges. +q and –q respectively, are placed at certain 4
distance apart. The force acting between them is F. If 25% charge of Y is transferred to X, find the
percentage change in force.
Ans : By Coulomb’s law,

If 25% charge of Y is transfered to X, then

∴ New force is decreased by 43.75%.

86. 4
An electric field along the x-axis is given by = 100 N/C for x > 0 and = –100 N/C for x
< 0. A right circular cylinder of length 20 cm and radius 5 cm lies parallel to the x-axis, with its
centre at the origin and one face at x = +10 cm, the other face at x = –10 cm. Calculate the net
outward flux through the cylinder.
Ans :
Flux through right circular surface ϕ1 = 100ΔS

Flux through right circular surface ϕ2 = 100ΔS

Flux through the curved surface ϕ3 = =0

Net flux ϕ=ϕ1 + ϕ2 + ϕ3

= 200ΔS

= [200 × 3.14 × (0.05)2] Nm2C–1

= 1.57 Nm2C–1

87. When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, it 1

(a) gains electrons from silk.
(b) gives electrons to silk.
(c) gains protons from silk.
(d) gives protons to silk.

Ans : (b) On rubbing a glass rod with silk, excess electrons are transferred from glass to silk.
So glass rod becomes positive and silk becomes negative.

88. Four equal charges q are placed at the four corners A, B, C, D of a square of length a. The 1
magnitude of the force on the charge at B will be
Ans :

89. Two charges of equal magnitudes kept at a distance r exert a force F on each other. If the 1
charges are halved and distance between them is doubled, then the new force acting on each
charge is

Ans :

90. The electric field inside a spherical shell of uniform surface charge density is 1
(a) zero.
(b) constant, less than zero.
(c) directly proportional to the distance from the centre.
(d) none of the these

Ans : (a) All charges reside on the outer surface of the shell so according to Gauss’s law,
electric field inside the shell is zero.

91. A cylinder of radius R and length L is placed in a uniform electric field E parallel to the cylinder 1
axis. The total flux for the surface of the cylinder is given by
Ans :

92. Electric field at a point varies as r0 for 1

(a) an electric dipole
(b) a point charge
(c) a plane infinite sheet of charge
(d) a line charge of infinite length

Ans : (c)

93. An electric charge q is placed at the centre of a cube of side a. The electric flux on one of its 1
faces will be

Ans : (a) Using Gauss’s theorem

94. Total electric flux coming out of a unit positive charge kept in air is 1

Ans :

95. The electric field intensity due to an infinite cylinder of radius R and having charge q per unit 1
length at a distance r(r > R) from its axis is
(a) directly proportional to r2.
(b) directly proportional to r3.
(c) inversely proportional to r.
(d) inversely proportional to r2.
Ans :

96. A point charge q is placed at a distance a/2 directly above the centre of a square of side a. The 1
electric flux through the square is
(a) q/ε0 (b) q/πε0
(c) q/4ε0 (d) q/6ε0

Ans : (d) An imaginary cube can be made by considering charge q at the centre and given
square is one of its face. So flux through the given square (i.e. one face) ϕ= q/6ε0

97. Which of the following graphs shows the variation of electric field E due to a hollow spherical 1
conductor of radius R as a function of distance from the centre of the sphere?

Ans : (a) Electric field due to a hollow spherical conductor is governed by equations E = 0, for r
< R ...(i) and E = Q/4πε0r2 for r ≥ R ....(ii) i.e. inside the conductor, electric field will be zero
and outside the conductor it will vary according to E ∝ 1/r2.

98. The magnitude of electric field intensity E is such that, an electron placed in it would experience 1
an electrical force equal to its weight is given by
(a) mge (b) mg/e
(c) e/mg (d) e2g/m2

Ans : (b) According to the question, eE = mg or E = mg/e

99. In Fig. (i) two positive charges q2 and q3 fixed along the y-axis, exert a net electric force in the +x 1
direction on a charge q1 fixed along the x-axis. If a positive charge Q is added at (x, 0) in figure(ii),
the force on q1 is

(a) shall increase along the positive x-axis.

(b) shall decrease along the positive x-axis.
(c) shall point along the negative x-axis.
(d) shall increase but the direction changes because
of the intersection of Q with q2 and q3.

Ans : (a) The net electrostatic force on the charge q1 by the charges q2 and q3 is along the
positive x-direction. Hence the nature of force between q1, q2 and q1, q3 should be
attractive. It means q1 should be negative.

100.Which of the following statement is correct? The electric field at a point is 1

(a) always continuous.
(b) continuous if there is a charge at that point.
(c) discontinuous only if there is a negative charge at that point.
(d) discontinuous if there is a charge at that point.

Ans : (d) The electric field due to any charge will be continuous, if there is no other charge in
the medium. It will be discontinuous if there is a charge at the point under consideration.

101.A point charge +q is placed at a distance d from an isolated conducting plane. The field at a 1
point P on the other side of the plane is
(a) directed perpendicular to the plane and away from the plane.
(b) directed perpendicular to the plane but towards the plane.
(c) directed radially away from the point charge.
(d) directed radially towards the point charge.

Ans : (a) The electric field lines are away from positive charge and perpendicular to the
surface. Hence the field at a point P on the other side of the plane is directed
perpendicular to the plane and away from the plane.

102.Gauss’s law will be invalid if 1

(a) there is magnetic monopoles.
(b) the inverse square law is not exactly true.
(c) the velocity of light is not a universal constant.
(d) none of these.

Ans : (b)
103.An electric dipole of moment p is placed in the position of stable equilibrium in uniform electric 1
field of intensity E. It is rotated through an angle θ from the initial position. The potential energy of
electric dipole in the final position is
(a) pE cos θ (b) pE sin θ
(c) pE(1 − cos θ) (d) −pE cos θ

Ans : (d)

104.An electric dipole is kept in a non-uniform electric field. It experiences 1

(a) a force and a torque.
(b) a force but not a torque.
(c) a torque but not a force.
(d) neither a force nor a torque.

Ans : (a) As the dipole will feel two forces which are although opposite but not equal. A net
force will be there and its these forces act at different points of the body. A torque is also
there.

105.There are two charges +1 μC and +5 μC. The ratio of the forces acting on them will be 1
(a) 1 : 5 (b) 1 : 1
(c) 5 : 1 (d) 1 : 25

Ans : (b) The same force will act on both bodies although their directions will be different.

106.Four charges are arranged at the corners of a square ABCD, as shown. The force on the charge 1
kept at the centre O is

(a) zero
(b) along the diagonal AC
(c) along the diagonal BD
(d) perpendicular to side AB

Ans : (c) Place a unit positive charge at O. Resultant force due to the charges placed at A and
C is zero and resultant charge due to B and D is towards D along the diagonal BD.

107.Which of the following statement is correct? 1

If = 0 over a surface, then
(a) the electric field inside the surface and on it is zero.
(b) the electric field inside the surface is necessarily uniform.
(c) the number of flux lines entering the surface must be equal to the number of flux lines leaving it.
(d) all charges must not necessarily be outside the surface.
Ans : (c)

108.A hemisphere is uniformly charged positively. The electric field at a point on a diameter away 1
from the centre is directed [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) perpendicular to the diameter
(b) parallel to the diameter
(c) at an angle tilted towards the diameter
(d) at an angle tilted away from the diameter.

Ans : (a) In case of a uniformly positive charged hemisphere, if a point situated at a point on a
diameter away from the centre, the electric field should be perpendicular to the diameter.

109.Figure shows electric field lines in which an electric dipole p is placed as shown. Which of the 1
following statements is correct?

(a) The dipole will not experience any force.

(b) The dipole will experience a force towards right.
(c) The dipole will experience a force towards left.
(d) The dipole will experience a force upwards.

Ans : (c)

110.A positive charge Q is uniformly distributed along a circular ring of radius R. A small test charge 1
q is placed at the centre of the ring.
Which of the following statement is not correct?

(a) If q > 0 and is displaced away from the centre in the plane of the ring, it will be pushed back
towards the centre.
(b) If q < 0 and is displaced away from the centre in the plane of the ring, it will never return to the
centre and will continue moving till it hits the ring.
(c) If q < 0, it will perform SHM for small displacement along the axis.
(d) q at the centre of the ring is in an unstable equilibrium within the plane of the ring for q > 0.

Ans : (c) The charge is displaced away from the centre in the plane of the ring. There will be
net electric field opposite to displacement will push back the charge towards the centre
of the ring if the charge is positive. If charge is negative, it will experience net force in the
direction of displacement and the charge will continue moving till it hits the ring. Also
this negative charge is in an unstable equilibrium.
111.Two charged spheres A and B having their radii in the ratio 1 : 2 are connected together with a 1

conducting wire. The ratio of their surface charge densities will be:

[CBSE 2021]
(a)
(b) 2
(c)
(d) 4

Ans : (d)

112.In general, metallic ropes are suspended on the carriers taking inflammable materials. The 1
reason is

(a) to control the speed of the carrier.

(b) to keep the centre of gravity of the carrier nearer to the earth.
(c) to keep the body of the carrier in contact with the earth.
(d) none of these.

Ans : (c) For providing a path to the charge induced on the surface of the carriers.

113.Two similar spheres having +Q and −Q charges are kept at a certain distance. F force acts 1
between the two. If at the middle of two spheres, another similar sphere having +Q charge is kept,
then it experiences a force in magnitude and direction as

(a) zero having no direction.

(b) 8F towards +Q charge.
(c) 8F towards −Q charge.
(d) 4F towards +Q charge.

Ans :

114.A charge Q is divided into two parts of q and Q − q. If the coulomb repulsion between them 1
when they are separated is to be maximum, the ratio of Q:q should be

(a) 2 : 1
(b) 1 : 2
(c) 4 : 1
(d) 1 : 4

Ans : (a) Let separation between two parts be r, then F = k.q(Q − q)/r2 , For F to be maximum
dF/dq = 0 then Q/q = 2/1 = 2 : 1

115.Let F1 be the magnitude of the force between two small spheres, charged to a constant 1
potential in free space and F2 be the magnitude of the force between them in a medium of
dielectric constant k. Then (F1/F2) is:

[CBSE 2021]

(a)
(b) k
(c) k2
(d)

Ans : (b)

116.Two identical spheres A and B, sphere ‘A’ which is charged, when brought in contact with 1
uncharged sphere ‘B’ and then separated. It is observed that

(a) mass of A and B are same.

(b) mass of A > mass of B.

(c) mass of A < mass of B.

(d) both will not have any mass.

Ans : (c)

117.Coulomb’s law in electrostatics is valid 1

(a) in all the situations.

(b) electric charges are in motion.
(c) separation between the charges must be smaller than 10–15 m.
(d) electric charges are point charges.

Ans : (c)

118.Five corners of a regular hexagon of each side has a static charge q. There is no charge located 1
at the 6th corner of the hexagon. The net force on a single charge –q placed at the geometric
centre of the hexagon is

[CBSE Learning Framework]

Ans : (a) Since only 5 corners of hexagon have charges, 4 of these diametrically opposite
placed charges balance their forces, The charge –q at the center experiences a net force
due to only one charge placed at the 5th corner.

119. A charge Q is placed at the centre of the line joining two charges q and q. The system of the 1
three charges will be in equilibrium if Q is:

[CBSE 2021]

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Ans : (d)

120.The magnitude of the electric field due to a point charge, object at a distance of 4.0 m is 9 N/C. 1
From the same in charged object the electric field of magnitude, 16 N/C will be at a distance of

[CBSE 2023]

(a) 1m
(b) 2m
(c) 3m
(d) 6m

Ans :

121.Two point charges + 16q and – 4q are located at x = 0 and x = L. The location of the point on x- 1
axis at which the resultant electric field due to these charges is zero, is:

[CBSE 2021]

(a) 8L
(b) 6L
(c) 4L
(d) 2L

Ans : (d)

122.An electric dipole placed in a non-uniform electric field will experience 1

[CBSE 2021]
(a) only a force.
(b) only a torque.
(c) both force and torque.
(d) neither force nor torque.

Ans : (c)

123.An electric dipole, consisting of two opposite charges of 2 × 10–6 C each separated by a 1
5
distance 3 cm is placed in electric field of 2 × 10 N/C. Maximum torque experienced by the dipole
is

(a) 12 × 10–3 Nm
(b) 12 × 10–3 N/m
(c) 1.2 × 10–3 Nm
(d) 1.2 × 10–3 N/m

Ans : (a)

124.A particle of mass ‘m’ carrying charge ‘q’ is kept at rest in a uniform electric field E and then 1
released. If the particle moves through a distance y, then kinetic energy attained by the particle is
(a) qEy2
(b) qEy2
(c) qEy
(d) qE2y

Ans : (c)

125.An electrical dipole of dipole moment 4 × 10–5 C-m, kept in a uniform electric field of 10–3 NC– 1
1, experiences a torque of 2 × 10–8 Nm. The angle which the dipole makes with the electric field is:

[CBSE 2021]

(a) 30°
(b) 45°
(c) 60°
(d) 90°

Ans : (a)

126.ABC is an equilateral triangle. Three charges +q are placed at each corner. The electric intensity 1
at O will be

(a) 1. q/4πε0 . r2
(b) 1. q/4πε0r
(c) Zero
(d) 1. 3q/4πε0r2
Ans :

127.Let N1 be the number of electric field lines going out of an imaginary cube of side a that 1
encloses an isolated point charge 2q and N2 be the corresponding number for an imaginary sphere
of radius a that encloses an isolated point charge 3q. Then (N1/N2) is:

[CBSE 2021]

(a)

(b)

(c)
(d) π

Ans : (b)

128.Three point charges are located in free space 1

q1 = 5 × 108 C at (3 m, 0),
q2 = 7 × 10–8 C at (0, 4 m)
q3 = –6 × 10–8 C at (0, 0).
What is the total electric flux over a sphere of 5 m radius with centre as (0, 0)?
(a) 0.78 × 104 Nm2/C
(b) 6.78 × 103 Nm2/C
(c) 0.678 × 105 Nm2/C
(d) 1.67 × 106 Nm2/C

Ans : (b)

129.On what factor(s) does the total electric flux through a closed surface in which a certain amount 1
of charge is placed depend

(a) shape of the surface.

(b) size of the surface.
(c) total charge outside and inside the surface.
(d) both (a) and (b).

Ans : (a)

130.If there existed only one type +q charge on the earth, then what would be the flux related to the 1
earth?
(a) Zero through any surface of the earth
(b) Infinite flux on the earth
(c) Zero if the charge is placed outside the earth and if the charge is placed inside the earth
(d) Data insufficient

Ans : (a)

131.The electric field at a point due to an infinite sheet of charge 1

(a) increases with increase in distance.

(b) decreases with increase in distance.
(c) decreases with decrease in distance.
(d) independent of distance.

Ans : (d)

132.A dipole is enclosed by sphere, the net flux passing through the sphere is 1

(a)

(b)

(c) zero
(d)

Ans : (c)

133.Electric flux of an electric field through an area d is given by: [CBSE 2021] 1

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Ans : (c)

134.For the following question, two statements are given–one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Assertion: An electric force acting on a proton and an electron, moving in a uniform electric field is the
same, whereas acceleration of electron is 1836 times that of a proton.
Reason: The mass of electron is less than the mass of proton.
Ans : (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

135.For the following question, two statements are given–one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Assertion: The force between two given charges placed at a given distance apart in water is only 1/81
of the force between them in air/vaccum.
Reason: Electric force increases when a dielectric is inserted between the two charges.

Ans : (c) A is true but R is false.

136.For the following question, two statements are given–one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as
given below.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Assertion: A body can be charged by conduction and induction.
Reason: In charging by induction, body acquires same of charge.

Ans : (c) A is true but R is false.

137.For the following question, two statements are given–one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Assertion: When two charges q1 and q2 are kept at some distance apart, force acting between these
charges is F. If a third charges q3 is placed quite close to q2, the force will remains F.
Reason: The force acting between two charges does not depend upon the presence of any other
charge.

Ans : (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

138.For the following question, two statements are given–one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Assertion: The total number of electric lines of force passing through a given area in a normal direction
is called electric flux.
Reason: Electric flux is a vector quantity.
Ans : (c) A is true but R is false.

139.For the following question, two statements are given–one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Assertion: Electric field lines can have break in between.
Reason: Single isolated charge can exist.

Ans : (d) A is false and R is also false.

140.For the following question, two statements are given–one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Assertion: In the given figure q1 is positive and q2 is negative.
Reason: Electric field lines emerge from positive and terminate at negative charge.

Ans : (d) A is false and R is also false.

141.For the following question, two statements are given–one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Assertion: An electric dipole is placed in an electric field antiparallel to it. If it is displaced then it will
come back to initial position.
Reason: Dipole is in stable equilibrium.

Ans : (d) A is false and R is also false.

142.For the following question, two statements are given–one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Assertion: The net flux through a closed surface is zero due to charge which is lying outside it.
Reason: Gauss’s law gives total flux passing through a closed surface for net charge inside the closed
surface.

Ans : (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

143.For the following question, two statements are given–one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Assertion: A charge ‘q’ is placed on a height h/s above the centre of a square of side ‘a’. The flux will
not be affected when the side is increased to a + b.
Reason: Gauss’ Law depends on shape not on size of Gaussian surface.

Ans : (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

144.For the following question, two statements are given–one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Assertion: A metallic shield in the form of a hollow shell, can be built to block an electric field.
Reason: In a hollow spherical shell, the electric field is not zero at every point inside the shell.

Ans : (c) A is true but R is false.

145.For the following question, two statements are given–one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Assertion: Gauss law is same in both electrostatic and magnetism.
Reason: Isolated magnetic poles does not exist but isolated electric charges do.

Ans : (d) A is false and R is also false.

146.For the following question, two statements are given–one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Assertion: Electric field is zero inside a conductor.
Reason: Charges reside on the surface of the conductor and not inside the conductor.

Ans : (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

147.For the following question, two statements are given–one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
Assertion: Electric field lines form closed loops.
Reason: Direction of electric field is not from positive to negative charge.

Ans : (d) A is false and R is also false.

148.The electric flux through a closed Gaussian surface depends upon 1

(a) Net charge enclosed and permittivity of the medium

(b) Net charge enclosed, permittivity of the medium and the size of the Gaussian surface

(c) Net charge enclosed only

(d) Permittivity of the medium only

Ans : (a) Net charge enclosed and permittivity of the medium

149.Three point charges are located in free space 1

q1 = 5 × 108 C at (3 m, 0),

q2 = 7 × 10–8 C at (0, 4 m)

q3 = –6 × 10–8 C at (0, 0).

What is the total electric flux over a sphere of 5 m radius with centre as (0, 0)?

(a) 0.78 × 104 Nm2/C

(b) 6.78 × 103 Nm2/C

(c) 0.678 × 105 Nm2/C

(d) 1.67 × 106 Nm2/C

Ans : (b)
150.Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) 4

An ESP is a type of filter that uses static electricity to remove soot and ash from exhaust fumes before
they exit the smokestacks.
It has two sets of electrodes which are completely insulated from each other and high voltage
electrostatic build is maintained across them.
High electrostatic field is created between both which ionizes the gas molecules as few gases flow
through the tube.
The dust particles become negatively charged and are attracted to positive electrode. It can effectively
remove PM 2.5 particles, with a high mass collection efficiency usually higher than 99%.

(i) Smoke consists of tiny particles of root that are suspended in hot rising air. These particles are
pulled out of smoke because
(a) dust particles become positively charged and hence get attracted to positive electrode.
(b) dust particles become negatively charged and hence get attracted to positive electrode.
(c) dust particles remain neutral and hence do not get attracted.
(d) None of these
(ii) Emission from combustion of gasoline, oil, fuel, etc. produce much of the PM 2.5 pollution found
in outdoor air as well as significant proportion of PM 10. Which PM can be removed by ESP?
(a) 2 PM
(b) 2.5 PM
(c) 10 PM
(d) 1 PM
(iii) What are the essential functions that must be provided by electrical precipitation
(a) suspended particles must remain neutral.
(b) suspended particles must be given an electric charge.
(c) suspended particles must be subjected to an electric field.
(d) Both (b) and (c)
(iv) What can be the limitation of ESP?
(a) Electric charge on suspended particles.
(b) Nature of suspended particles.
(c) Varying nature of electrical resistivity of the particulate matter.
(d) Constant nature of electrical resistivity of the particulate matter.
Or
(iv) What is an ESP?
(a) It is a type of filter to remove impurities of water.
(b) It is a type of filter to remove impurities of a metal.
(c) It is a type of filter to remove soot and ash from exhaust fumes.
(d) None of these
Ans : (i) (b)

(ii) (b)

(iii) (d)

(iv) (c)

Or

(iv) (c)

151.An electric dipole is a system consisting of the two equal and opposite point charges separated 4
by a small and finite distance. If dipole moment of this system is and it is placed in a uniform
electric field .

(i) What is the expression of torque experienced by a dipole?

(ii) Identify two pairs of perpendicular vectors in the above expression

(a) Force is perpendicular to both and .
(b) is perpendicular to both and .
(c) Torque is perpendicular to both and .

(d) is perpendicular to both torque and force

(iii) Which of the following orientation is for maximum torque?

(iv) Which of the following is a condition for stable equilibrium?

(a)
(b)
(c) Angle between and is 180°
(d) Angle between and is 30°
Or
(iv) If the dipole is placed in non-uniform electric field then
(a) F = 0 but τ ≠ 0
(b) F = 0 and τ = 0
(c) F ≠ 0 but τ ≠ 0
(d) F ≠ 0 but τ = 0
Ans : (i) (b)

(ii) (c)

(iii) (a)

(iv) (a)

Or

(iv) (c)

152.Electric flux through an area is defined as . Gauss law is used to assess amount of 4
enclosed change.

The concept of flux and Gauss law is very useful as in cases of non planar area calculation of flux is
not easy. Gauss law is also very important in calculating the electrostatic field. Flux due to change is
additive in nature. Gauss Law does not depend on the shape.
(i) Gauss law is dependent on internal charge configuration.
(a) No it’s not
(b) Yes, it depend on charge configuration.
(c) May be
(d) Both (a) and (b)
(ii) Is it necessary condition to have symmetric surface for Gauss law application?
(a) Yes
(b) No
(c) May be
(d) Depends on situation
(iii) Electric flux through a closed surface is due to
(a) Total charge enclosed.
(b) Total charge present on the surface.
(c) Total charge induced on surface.
(d) All of the above.
(iv) The Gaussian surface should not be passed through any discrete charge because
(a) Electric field becomes zero.
(b) Electric field remains constant.
(c) Electric field due to a system of discrete charge is not well defined at location at any charge.
(d) Electric field is continuous charge distribution.
Or
(iv) What will be flux of a box with no change in it?
(a) Flux will be q/e0
(b) Flux will be zero
(c) Flux depends on symmetry
(d) Not sufficient information

Ans : (i) (a) Gauss law doesn’t depend on internal configuration.

(ii) (a) Gauss law is applicable on symmetric surfaces.

(iii) (a) The flux through a closed surface is .
(iv) (c) Electric field is not well defined.
Or
(iv) (b)

153.An electric dipole consists of two equal and opposite charge separated by a small distance. 4
When an electric dipole is placed in a uniform electric field, it experiences a torque but no force.
Consider an electric dipole of dipole moment ‘P’ is placed in an electric field of magnitude 40 N/C.
 A graph for torque experienced by a dipole versus its angular position with respect to electric field
is shown below.

(i) What is the torque when the dipole is placed perpendicular to the electric field?
(a) 5 × 1028 N-m
(b) 5 × 10–28 N-m
(c) 50 × 10–28 N-m
(d) 50 × 10+28 N-m
(ii) What is the value of electric field at the centre of the electric dipole?
(a) It is twice the electric field due to one charge at centre.
(b) It is thrice the electric field due to one charge at centre.
(c) It is half the electric field due to one charge at centre.
(d) Zero.
(iii) What is the value of electric dipole moment calculated with the help of given graph?
(a) 2.25 × 10–28 Cm
(b) 2.5 × 10–29 Cm
(c) 1.25 × 10–28 Cm
(d) 2.5 × 10–29 Cm
(iv) Two charge 20 C and –20 C are separated from each other by a distance of 2 cm. Then what is the
magnitude of electric dipole moment
(a) 0
(b) 0.2 cm
(c) 0.4 cm
(d) 0.8 cm
Or
(iv) An electric dipole of dipole moment P is placed in an electric field E. The torque exerted by the
field on the dipole is:
(a) Parallel to both the field and the dipole moment.
(b) Perpendicular to both the field and the dipole moment.
(c) Parallel to the field and perpendicular to the dipole moment.
(d) Parallel to dipole moment and perpendicular to the field.

Ans : (i) (c)

(ii) (a)
(iii) (c)
(iv) (c) p = q(2l)
= 20 × 2 × 10–2
= 40 × 10–2 = 0.4 cm
Or
(iv) (b)

154.Gauss’ theorem states that the total flux passing through a closed surface is 1/ε0 times the 4
charge enclosed by the closed surface Mathematically,

ϕE =
In the given diagram a charge ‘q’ is placed on the surface BCDE. Another charge is placed outside the
pyramid.
(i) What is the flux through the shaded surface ADE?

(ii) If this pyramid is filled by water then how will the flux change?
(a) It will remain same.
(b) It will increase by 80 times.
(c) It will decrease by 80 times.
(d) None of the above.
(iii) In also includes the contribution of ‘Q’?
(a) No, but it changes the total electric flux through the Gaussian surface.
(b) No, it does not change the total electric flux through the Gaussian surface.
(c) Yes, but it does not change the total electric flux through the Gaussian surface.
(d) Insufficient information.
(iv) If the charge ‘q’ is moved inside the Gaussian surface, will at every point on the surface
remain constant?
(a) Yes
(b) No
(c) Data inadequate
(d) None of the above
Or
(iv) Charge motion within the Gaussian surface gives changing physical quantity
(a) electric field
(b) electric flux
(c) charge
(d) Gaussian surface area

Ans : (i) (d)

(ii) (c)

(iii) (c)

(iv) (b)

Or

(iv) (a)
155.In electrostatics, electric flux is the measure of the electric field through a given surface, 4
although an electric field in itself cannot flow. It is a way of describing the electric field strength at
any distance from the charge causing the field. Now, consider a cube of each edge 0.30 m is placed
with its one corner at the origin. The cube is placed in a non-uniform electric field.

(i) The surfaces that have zero electric flux are

(a) S1 and S2

(b) S1 and S6

(c) S2 and S4

(d) S1 and S3

(ii) Electric flux passing through surface S1 is

(a) –0.27 Nm2C–1

(b) 0.27 Nm2C–1

(c) –0.18 Nm2C–1

(d) –0.18 Nm2C–1

(iii) Electric flux passing through surface S4 is

(a) –0.18 Nm2C–1

(b) +0.18 Nm2C–1

(c) +0.27 Nm2C–1

(d) zero

(iv) Total net flux passing through the cube if N/C

(a) zero

(b) –0.18 Nm2C–1

(c) 0.18 Nm2C–1

 (d) 0.27 Nm2C–1

Or

(iv) Total charge enclosed inside the cube is

(a) 0

(b) –1.62 pC

(c) +1.62 pC

(d) 2.4 pC

Ans :

156.Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when 4
placed in an electromagnetic field. There are two types of charges positive and negative charges.
Also, like charges repel each other whereas unlike charges attract each other.

(i) Charge on a body which carries 200 excess electrons is:

(a) –3.2 × 10–18 C
(b) 3.2 × 1018 C
(c) –3.2 × 10–17 C
(d) 3.2 × 10–17 C
(ii) Charge on a body which carries 10 excess electrons is:
 (a) –1.6 × 10–18 C
(b) 1.6 × 10–18 C
(c) 2.6 × 10–18 C
(d) 1.6 × 10–21 C
(iii) A body is positively charged, it implies that:
(a) there is only a positive charge in the body
(b) there is positive as well as negative charge in the body but the positive charge is more than
negative charge
(c) there is equally positive and negative charge in the body but the positive charge lies in the
outer regions
(d) the negative charge is displaced from its position
(iv) Mass of electron is:
(a) 9.1 × 10–31 kg
(b) 9.1 × 10–31 g
(c) 1.6 × 10–19 kg
(d) 1.6 × 10–19 g
Or
(iv) SI unit of charge is
(a) Newton
(b) Ampere
(c) Coulomb
(d) Joule

Ans : (i) (c) Reason:

Apply q = ne where n = 200

(ii) (b) Reason:
Apply q = ne where n =10
(iii) (b)
(iv) (a)
Or
(iv) (c)

157.A conductor A with a cavity as shown in figure is given a charge Q. Another conductor B with 4
charge q is inserted into the cavity keeping B insulated from A.

(i) The entire charge must appear:

(a) Anywhere on sphere
(b) On outer surface of conductor
(c) Inside the conductor
(d) None
(ii) Total charge on outer surface is
(a) Q
(b) q
(c) Q + q
(d) Q – q
(iii) The sensitive instrument is to be ______________from the strong electrostatic fields in its
environment after putting in this cavity.
(a) broked
 (b) leaked
(c) protected
(d) away
(iv) Electric field inside a cavity is:
(a)

(b)
(c) Zero
(d) None
Or
(iv) Inside the cavity the value of potential is:
(a) Zero
(b) Same as that of surface of conductor.
(c) Same as that of outer surface of conductor
(d) None of these

Ans : (i) (b)

(ii) (c)

(iii) (c)

(iv) (c)

Or

(iv) (b)