Ann. psychophysiol.

ISSN 2412-3188 (Online)|2410-1354 (Print)

Original Article
The Relationship of Emotional Intelligence
and Life Satisfaction with Resilience in
Students
Shakir Ali, Saima Masoom Ali & Asbah Zia
Department of Psychology, University of Karachi, Karachi-Pakistan

Abstract
Background: This paper aims to investigate the strength of the relationship
between Emotional Intelligence and Life Satisfaction with Resilience among
Citation: Ali S, Ali SM, Zia A. The college students living in Turbat, Balochistan, Pakistan.
Relationship of Emotional Intelligence and Methodology: Inform consent was taken from the participants before using a
Life Satisfaction with Resilience in purposive sampling technique. They were categorized into two groups: one
Students. APP. 2023; 10(1): 12-20
hundred males (n = 100) and one hundred females (n = 100). The participants were
Corresponding Author Email: selected from Government Boys Degree College, Government Girls Degree
[email protected]
College of Turbat, and the University of Turbat, District Kech, Balochistan. After
DOI: 10.29052/2412-3188.v10.i1.2022.12- obtaining consent, the following questionnaires were administered: a
20 Demographic Sheet, Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SREIT), Satisfaction
Received 16/03/2023 With Life Scale (SWLS), and Trait Resilience Checklist (TRC).
Results: The results of this study verified that Emotional Intelligence and life
Accepted 26/05/2023
satisfaction with resilience have a positive correlation. Finally, recommendations
Published 01/06/2023 and limitations have been put forward according to the study results.
Conclusion: Our study has demonstrated a strong positive relationship between
Copyright © The Author(s). 2023. This is
an open-access article distributed under
Emotional Intelligence and Life Satisfaction with Resilience. The findings
the terms of the Creative Commons underscore the significance of emotional intelligence in promoting overall life
Attribution 4.0 International License, satisfaction and resilience in this population.
which permits unrestricted use,
distribution, and reproduction in any
medium, provided the original author and
source are credited.
Keywords
Emotional Intelligence, Life Satisfaction, Resilience.

Funding: The author(s) received no

specific funding for this work.

Conflicts of Interests: The authors have

declared that no competing interests
exist.

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 Introduction contribute to the current knowledge and
literature will additionally give imperative
Turbat is a far-flung and underprivileged
data about the subjective prosperity of
region in southern Balochistan, Pakistan,
students that may likewise be useful for
where students face tremendous
educationists, clinicians, and guardians and
psychosocial, political, and economic
for all those who want to deal with
problems, due to which students have been
psychological problems of the students in
suffering on mental, emotional, and
the district in general and in the selected
psychological levels. Furthermore, the
institutions, i.e., University Of Turbat and
current political and social unrest has
Atta Shad Government Degree College
created psychological stress among the
Turbat, Government Girls Degree College
students, as District Turbat is one of the most
Turbat in particular.
socially affected areas of Balochistan. Hence,
the present study was to investigate how
Emotional Intelligence
emotional intelligence and resilience have
The central question of this study was to
been supporting them to live satisfactory
explore how emotional capacity (emotional
life1 explained that persons with higher
intelligence) and recovery capacity
emotional capacities are thought to have a
(resilience) can influence coping processes in
more prominent ability to sense, utilize,
university students. The process of feeling,
comprehend, and administer feelings in the
understanding, controlling, and regulating
self as well as other people which encourage
emotion is known as emotional intelligence.
a more noteworthy feeling of subjective
Also, emotional intelligence is an aptitude to
prosperity.
feel what is emoting within oneself and
recognize how your sentiments impact
The students are also deprived of basic
persons around you. It is like a manner that
facilities such as health, education, and
incorporates your perspective of others:
economic opportunity. In the face of these
perceiving how they feel empowers you to
problems, students are trying multiple ways
comprehend and relate more feasibly.
to cope with the problems mentioned earlier
to achieve their intended target. This
The essential issue of this arranged
research aims to measure the emotional
examination is to examine the part of
intelligence and resilience of the students
Emotional Intelligence, resilience, and life
and to explore the satisfaction they derive
satisfaction among the students. The
from them, even against the odds. Salovey,
previous literature suggested that emotional
Bedell, Detweiler, and Mayer (1999) guess
intelligence and resilience are significant to
that people with higher EI adapt better to the
the self-care of an individual3. Emotional
emotional requests of distressing
intelligence is a shade that spreads wide-run
experiences since they can precisely observe
accumulation of a person's capacities and
and assess their feelings, discern how and
aptitudes. It deals with interpersonal and
when to direct their emotions, and can viably
intrapersonal resilience and life satisfaction.
direct their temperament conditions2.
Moreover, "Emotional Intelligence is an
However, there has been no psychological
individual's ability to monitor his feelings
research to investigate the Emotional
and the emotions of others, discriminate
Intelligence, Resilience, and Life Satisfaction
those feelings and use this information to
of the students of Turbat. The present
create positive outcomes in his relationships
research may fill up the existing gap will
with others and himself4." It is considered

APP| Published By AEIRC| Volume 10 Issue 1 13

 versatility utilizing hardship as managing They found that ladies revealed more
standard and expressed that mental prominent joy and life satisfaction than men.
flexibility is the aftereffect of commitment, This distinction was clarified regarding their
system, and challenge. Resilience was social context. Hence, this analysis is aimed
additionally unique concerning the to evaluate the relationship between
gathering's progression point of view. They Emotional Intelligence, Resilience, and Life
distinguished four basic procedures: Satisfaction among students of Turbat14.
gathering's conviction framework, an
example of association, specific Emotional Intelligence and Gender
correspondence process, and more extensive Differences
communication pattern5. Previous studies Since females tend to be more emotional and
showed that emotional intelligence (EI) and intimate in relationships as compared to
resilience relate to how people react when males, their emotional intelligence ought to
faced with stress-inducing circumstances6. be higher than that of males. Society is
responsible for this, which socializes the two
Resilience genders differently, as has been found in
Resilience is imagined as a customary many studies15,16. Moreover, higher
enchantment to comprehend administrative emotional intelligence among girls can also
procedures related to advancing human be explained in terms of some of their
competency7. The investigation has personality characteristics. Similar findings
demonstrated that resilience is standard, not reported that girls score higher with regard
uncommon. Individuals usually show to empathy, social responsibilities, and
resilience8. interpersonal relationships than boys. More
sensitivity was found towards their
Emotional intelligence and resilience relationships with parents, friends, and
Many researchers have conducted research siblings. All these traits help them to acquire
on academic performance and its relation to more emotional intelligence as compared to
EI and resilience9-12. Previous studies boys. This study is only a stepping stone in
demonstrated that emotional intelligence the field of emotional intelligence. Findings
(EI) and resilience are related to how people of studies revealed that females have higher
react when faced with stress-inducing emotional intelligence than males15-17.
circumstances6.
The present research studied the relationship
Life satisfaction between emotional intelligence and life
The fulfillment of different needs, demands, satisfaction with resilience in students.
and urges an individual tries to find • There would be a positive relationship
meaning from that entertainment is referred between emotional intelligence and
to as satisfaction13. Diener (1984) gathered 13 resilience.
cases, which looked at ladies' and men's • There would be a positive relationship
opinions of life contentment and between emotional intelligence and
contentment. He supposed that clear satisfaction with life.
distinction is not found in mean levels of • There would be gender differences
prosperity scores of both sexes13. Wood, among variables of emotional
Rhodes & Whelan (1989) made a broad meta- intelligence, resilience, and satisfaction
systematic audit of 93 investigations of with life.
prosperity and sexual orientation contrasts.

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 Methodology Emotional Intelligence
The Schutte Self-Report Emotional
A correlational research design was
Intelligence Test (SSEIT) is a method of
executed to measure the relationship among
measuring general Emotional Intelligence
the variables. This research design is
(EI), using four scales: emotion perception,
administered to determine the strength of
utilizing emotions, managing self-relevant
the relationship among variables.
emotions, and managing others '
Others'emotions. The SSEIT includes 33-item
Sample Size
self-report questions. The Cronbach alpha
The Sample size of the present study
reliability of this scale is 0.8318.
consisted of 100 participants from college
and 100 from University. Among them, 100
Trait Resilience Checklist (TRC)
were male, and 100 were female (n=200). A
A trait Resilience Checklist will be utilized to
convenient sampling Technique was used to
gauge trait resilience. This checklist
collect the Data from the students of
comprises eighteen items that will depict the
Government Boys Degree College and
respondents as they were, for the most part,
Government Girls Degree Colleges,
in their past. The respondent will rate every
University of Turbat, District Kech,
statement on a 5-point scale (From strongly
Baluchistan. The current investigation
agree = 1 to strongly agree = 5). The
depended on a survey research design.
Cronbach alpha reliability of this scale is
0.7417.
Research Instruments
Informed Consent
Satisfaction with Life Scale
Consent was obtained from every
To evaluate life satisfaction in members, we
participant. The consent form was to define
controlled the satisfaction with a Life Scale
the nature of the study and the need to do
(SWLS) comprising five things. Members are
this study. It was to ensure the participants
told to show the degree to which they
that the confidentiality of data would be
approve or disapprove of every
maintained and that the provided
announcement utilizing a 5-point Likert sort
information would be only used for current
scale. The Cronbach alpha reliability of this
research purposes. Participants' right to
scale is 0.6119.
withdraw and their right to get to know
about research findings have been
Procedure
mentioned. The email address was
The information was collected from
mentioned through which participants can
Government Boys Degree College,
contact and get to know research results.
Government Girls Degree College, and the
Participants were asked to put their initials
University of Turbat. Permission was
on the consent form if they were willing to
obtained from the concerned institution and
participate in the study.
students. Participants were told in regards to
the nature, purpose, and significance of the
Demographic Sheet
study. The researcher had dealt with the
For a better understanding of the statistical
quarries of participants before, amid, and
significance of the present study, the
after the completion of questionnaires. After
demographic sheet was used to obtain the
getting the information, they were assured
demographic information: Age, Education,
that the data given by them would be kept
Gender, Socioeconomic status, and socio-
confidential and would just be utilized for
political situation.
research reasons. Finally, the researcher

APP
Published By AEIRC| Volume 10 Issue 1 15
 thanked all the participants for their coefficient was utilized to assess the
valuable contribution and commitment to relationship between variables.
the investigation.
Result
Proposed Analysis
Table 1 shows the number and percentage of
The SPSS 22.0 was used for statistical
males and females with their ages and
analysis. The parametric data were analyzed
by using a t-test. The Pearson correlation qualifications.

Table 1: Summary of Demographic Variables of Students.

Variables (n (%)
Male 50 (50)
Gender
Female 50 (50)
15-20 28 (28)
Age
21-25 72 (72)
Secondary 20 (20)
Qualification Graduation 20 (20)
Master 60 (60)
Total 100

The average EIS of the males was recorded as 122.56 with a standard deviation of 13.796 as
compared with the average EIS of Females as 125.80 with a standard deviation equal to 14.754,
indicating that the females had a higher EI average than Males with a slightly higher variability.
The trait resilience checklist computed for males and females gave means of 65.94 and 65.14 with
standard deviations of 8.96 and 11.21, respectively, which indicated that males exhibited more
trait resilience than females. An average of 21.16 with a standard deviation of 5.31 compared with
the average of 23.06 with a standard deviation equal to 3.94 showed that females had more
satisfaction with life than males (Table 2).

Table 2: Average and standard deviation of Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS), Trait
Resilience Checklist (TRC), and Satisfaction With Life (SWLS).
Male (n=100) Female (n=100)
Variables
Mean ± S. D Mean ± S. D
Emotional Intelligence Scale
122.56 ± 13.796 125.80 ± 14.754
Trait Resilience Checklist 65.94 ± 8.961 65.14 ± 11.214
Satisfaction With Life 21.16 ± 5.312 23.06 ± 3.935

The pair-wise correlation analysis indicated significant positive associations, at a 5% level of

significance, between EI and TRC and between EI and SWL, with magnitudes equal to 0.285
and 0.295, respectively. However, the correlation between TRC and SWL showed an
insignificant coefficient of 0.188, indicating no association between the two traits (Table 3).

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 Table 3: Correlations between Emotional Intelligence, Resilience and Satisfaction with Life
Variables EI TRC SWL
1 2 3
EI 1 0.285** 0.295**

TRC 1 0.188
SWL 1
*N=200
**EI=Emotional Intelligence, TRC=Trait Resilience Checklist, SWL=Satisfaction with Life * = P < 0.05

Multiple regression analysis was run to check the impact of emotional intelligence and life
satisfaction on resilience. Emotional intelligence, with a coefficient of 0.231 and a p-value of
0.000, indicated a significant impact on resilience. In other words, when emotional intelligence
increases by one unit, the resilience changes by 0.231. life satisfaction, too, gave a coefficient of
0.463 with a p-value of 0.007, indicating that when life satisfaction increased by one unit,
resilience would increase by 0.463 units. In summary, emotional intelligence and life satisfaction
significantly increase resilience in both males and females (Table 4).

Table 4: Regression analysis of the impact of emotional intelligence and life satisfaction on
resilience.
Unstandardized Standardized t Sig. 95% CI for B
Coefficients Coefficients
Model
B Std. Beta Lower Upper
Error Bound Bound
Constant 27.492 8.506 3.232 .002 10.610 44.373
Emotional
.231 .061 .347 3.766 .000 .109 .352
Intelligence
Life
.463 .168 .253 2.748 .007 .129 .797
Satisfaction
*Dependent Variable: Resilience

Discussion intelligence and life satisfaction

demonstrated that a positive correlation
The purpose of the current study was to
existed between emotional intelligence,
explore the relationship between Emotional
resilience, and satisfaction. People with
Intelligence and Life Satisfaction with
Emotional Intelligence and Life Satisfaction
resilience among students of colleges and
are more resilient. However, the correlation
universities in Turbat, Balochistan.
coefficient of 0.188 with a p-value greater
than 0.05 showed that persons with life
It was hypothesized that “Emotional
satisfaction do not necessarily mean that
intelligence, Resilience, and life satisfaction
they are resilient. This goes against the
would be positively correlated.” The
hypothesis presented by Andrew R. et al.
correlation coefficient of 0.285 with a p-value
(2016) that individuals with high Emotional
less than 0.01 between Emotional
Intelligence are more Resilient to negative
intelligence and resilience and the
situations in life20. Resilience is considered a
correlation coefficient of 0.295 with a p-value
personality trait that strengthens an
less than 0.01 between Emotional

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 individual to cope with any difficult 0.045, implying that males were more
condition of life without losing one’s satisfied with their lives.
tempo21. Existing research also guides that
emotional intelligence is the genesis of It is indicated that female participants were
resilience22. sounder emotionally mature, resilient, and
satisfied with their lives as compared to the
Life satisfaction, which reflects an male students, and the result is also found
individual's evaluation of his or her life as a significant gender difference between men
whole, is one of the most examined variables and women in all variables31,32. Moreover,
that are associated with trait EI19. Individuals emotional intelligence and resilience
with higher emotional abilities are thought develop an emotional competence to deal
to possess a greater capacity to perceive, use, with any unwanted situation and
understand, and manage emotions in the self circumstances of life, as quoted by
and others, which facilitates a greater sense Bulathwatta A. et al. (2017)33.
of subjective well-being1. A substantial body Our study has certain limitations as the
of research provides evidence for the sample size was selected through
incremental validity of trait EI as a predictor convenience sampling techniques, so the
of life satisfaction; most noteworthy are findings of the study related to the students
those that control for covariates such as of District Kech Turbat cannot be
demographic characteristics, the “Big-Five” generalized to a broader population. This
personality, trait affectivity, or social study is not representative of all the students
support23-28. of Balochistan but comprised of only those
who were studying degree colleges and
The second hypothesis was gender: "There universities in Kech. The result of this
would be significant gender difference in research will be more significant if the data
Emotional Intelligence, Resilience, and size is extended to the entire general
satisfaction with Life." it was argued that population of Balochistan, including their
Gender Difference also influences emotional socioeconomic level. Finally, further studies
intelligence, resilience, and satisfaction with are required to confirm the findings of the
life. A t-statistic of 1.134 with a p-value of present research.
0.259 indicated that gender difference has no
significant impact on the emotional Conclusion
intelligence of individuals. There is a study
In conclusion, this study conducted among
that men are more emotionally intelligent
college students in Turbat, Balochistan,
than women29. Further, a t-statistic value of -
Pakistan, has demonstrated a strong positive
0.394 with a p-value of 0.694 suggested that
relationship between Emotional Intelligence
the gender difference did not have any
and Life Satisfaction with Resilience. The
statistically significant influence on
findings underscore the significance of
resilience either. On the other hand,
emotional intelligence in promoting overall
previously suggested that there is a
life satisfaction and resilience in this specific
relationship between resilience and gender30.
population. These results offer valuable
This is inconsistent with the hypothesis that
insights for educators and policymakers to
gender difference has an impact on resilience
enhance emotional intelligence training
and emotional intelligence. However, the
programs for college students in the region.
Gender Difference in Satisfaction with Life
gave a t-statistic of 2.032 with a p-value of

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 Intelligence on Individual Performance. The
Acknowledgment
Journal of Social Psychology, 142(1), 133-143.
I am greatly indebted to my supervisor, Dr. https://doiorg.ezproxy.mytyndale.ca:2443/1
Asghar Ali Shah, and Co-supervisor, Dr. 0.1080/0022454020960389.1
Saima Masoom Ali and Manzoor Ahmed, for 10. Suleman, Q., Hussain, I., Syed, M. A.,
their contributions and valuable Parveen, R., Lodhi, I. S., & Mahmood, Z.
suggestions, and without their support, this (2019). Association between emotional
work would not have been possible. intelligence and academic success among
undergraduates: A cross-sectional study in
KUST, Pakistan. PLoS ONE, 14(7), 1-22.
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