Smart prawn processing

Under guidance of :- Kakarla Manikanta Revanth Shaik Jani Basha

D. Divya Kalpana 21491A0733 22495A0703
Asst. Professor Dept. of IT Student, Dept. of IT Student, Dept. of IT
QISCET, A.P, India QISCET, A.P, India QISCET, A.P, India

.
Alluri Yeswanth Kumar
Paluvai Pujitha Burugolla Venkata Vaishnavi
22495A0705
21491A0714 21491A0723
Student, Dept. of IT
Student, Dept. of IT Student, Dept. of IT
QISCET, A.P, India
QISCET, A.P, India QISCET,A.P, India

Shinde Nithin
21491A0751
Student, Dept. of IT
QISCET, A.P, India

ABSTRACT:

Aquaculture is also known as Aquafarming, it is the process of cultivating aquatic organisms like as
prawns, fishes, shellfishes etc... which are essential source for global food production. It includes
many challenges like water management, disease management, food management etc... which are
being commonly faced by aqua farmers during this process of aquafarming. Enhanced biosecurity and
effective health management practices are very crucial to this approach by using necessary chemicals,
providing healthy food, to keep an eye on water quality and finally by educating farmers on the use of
innovative technologies like smart prawn processing. The Smart Prawn Processing aims to control
water parameters, creating healthier environment for species, more efficient way to farm the
species.Water quality is a critical factor in shrimp farming, and the success of shrimp production is
closely tied to the overall condition of the water. Challenges such as rapid population growth,
environmental pollution, and global warming have led to a decline in fisheries production, particularly
in the freshwater shrimp sector. This study addresses these challenges by monitoring multiple water
parameters in shrimp farms, including pH, temperature, TDS, EC, and salinity. Traditional manual
monitoring systems are known to be cumbersome, time-consuming, and lacking real-time capabilities.
Consequently, a continuous and automated monitoring system becomes imperative for efficient and
real-time metrics handling. This study introduces a real-time freshwater shrimp (locally named Galda,
i.e., Macrobrachium Rosenbergii) farm monitoring system. The proposed system incorporates
technologies such as microcontroller-based physical devices, IoT, cloud storage with service, machine
learning models, and web applications. This integrated system enables users to remotely monitor
shrimp farms and receive alerts when water parameters fall outside the optimal range. The physical
implementation involves a set of sensors for collecting data on water metrics in shrimp farms.
Regression analysis is employed for predicting next-day values, and a newly developed decision-
based algorithm classifies shrimp production levels into low, medium, and maximum categories using
six well-known classification algorithms. The system demonstrates a high success rate for next-day
predictions (r2 of 0.94) by multiple linear regression, and the accuracy in classifying shrimp
production is 97.84 % by Random Forest. Additionally, a ‘Smart Aquaculture Analytics’ web
application has been developed, offering features such as real-time dashboards, historical data
visualization, prediction and classification tools, and automated notifications to
farmers in Bangladesh.

Nomenclature: Decision support System (DSS), Convolution neural network (CNN), Microcontroller.

Keywords:

Arduino uno, Servo motor WIFI module

INTRODUCTION:
Aquaculture, often referred to as aquafarming, changing in such a way that quality is
is the practice of cultivating aquatic organisms compromised. The model proposed in this
under controlled conditions. This can include work will assist the fish farmers in monitoring
prawns, fish, crustaceans, aquatic plants, and fish ponds using IoT. Integrating sensor and
algae. Aquaculture involves the breeding, internet technology in combination with a
rearing, and harvesting of these organisms in user-friendly interaction interface smartphone
all types of water environments, from application, desktop application, and web
freshwater ponds to the open ocean The services to provide real-time monitoring of
primary goal of aquaculture is to produce fish ponds; system database contributes
seafood for human consumption, but it also significantly to reducing the risk of losses and
serves other purposes such as replenishing improving efficiency. GSM modem is also
endangered species, restoring habitats, and used which reduces internet consumption.
enhancing wild populations through Internet is the main issue while former in the
restocking. Techniques used in aquaculture field area. Internet is used when former open
vary widely depending on the species being their Android application or web application
cultivated and the environment conditions, and otherwise GSM modem send the message
they can range from simple pond systems to when parameters crosses the threshold range.
complex recirculating Aquaculture system Proposed system using water filtration plant to
(RAS) that control water quality and other improve the water quality. By using the
environmental factors close Overall, proposed system, we will increase the
aquaculture plays a significant role in meeting productivity of the fish, reduce the cost,
global demand for seafood, providing a minimize loss and increase the survival of
sustainable alternative to wild fisheries while aquatic life. There are vast opportunities to
also facing challenges related to environmental improve the fish farming. Water quality is a
impact, disease management, and key to success and also has direct impact on
resource efficiency, It includes many production of fish yield, among all farms of
challenges like water management, disease aquaculture for all species most important
management, food management etc... which parameters are Temperature, PH, dissolved
are being commonly faced by aqua farmers oxygen, turbidity.[7] Water quality is an
during this process of aquafarming. Enhanced important factor for aquaculture and drinking
biosecurity and effective health management water treatment plants and other related
practices are very crucial to this approach by industries water not only claim losses of
using necessary chemicals, providing healthy aquatic products but also face significant
food, to keep an eye on water quality and human health threats [8]. These parameters
(temperature, turbidity, PH, Dissolved oxygen)
finally by educating farmers on the use of
are most important for aquatic life and each
innovative technologies like smart prawn
fish required suitable growth environment. To
processing. The aqua farmer presently in achieve the best quality production, we must
Pakistan depend on use the IoT (i.e. sensors, controlling system,
manual testing for water parameters. This telecommunication system, mobile devices
leads in increase the death rate of fish, and solar system). In this paper, we discuss
decrease the growth rate of the fish, and one of multiple sections as a first step, introduction to
major drawback is more time consumption. the topic of aquaculture, what problems exist
Fish pond operators face the challenge of in this field, how to solve them, and the
constant monitoring of the water and water benefits. In which we discuss a range of works
on aquaculture systems and what are the is connected to a microcontroller and an IoT
opportunity in this field, and which of these system. In the event of any deviations in these
will be addressed in this work. The parameters, the system will promptly notify
Methodology chapter presents the proposed the farmer [9,10]. Giant freshwater prawns
system and a detailed description of the raised in ponds, often suffer from diseases due
hardware or software. The features, some to the deteriorating environmental conditions.
photographs and the results obtained using the The unsuitable bottom condition and water
system are shown in Experimental Results. quality hinder their growth and weakens their
We’re reflecting on this job inconclusion. For immunity, making them susceptible to
this task, we suggest the next phases of future bacterial infections [7]. As natural water-
work and present the advantages. River loving creatures, river prawns require high
prawns, scientifically known as giant levels of dissolved oxygen and a constant flow
freshwater prawns or Macrobrachium of clear water. Therefore, it is crucial to find
rosenbergii, are native to tropical rivers and methods that simulate natural environments to
estuaries across the Indo-Pacific region. These rear prawns and minimize the occurrence of
prawns hold significant commercial value diseases. Traditional clay ponds (referring to
worldwide [1,2]. Due to their popularity ponds constructed using locally sourced
among consumers, river prawns living in natural clay) utilized for cultivating river
natural water sources serve as crucial prawns demand thorough preparation, such as
economic assets for local fishermen and pond drying, regulating the pond’s pH levels,
communities. Typically, local fishermen and managing oxygen levels to ensure
capture river prawns with sizes ranging from adequate oxygen supply for prawn viability
20 to 40 individuals per kilogram. However, [11,12]. In the present day, the Internet of
consumers prefer larger prawns, despite the Things (IoT) applications are increasingly
higher unit price. The most sought-after size employed in agriculture to assist farmers in
falls within the range of 5–7 prawns per recording agricultural data and controlling
kilogram. In the Pak Phanang Basin of agricultural processes [13–17]. The use of IoT
Nakhon Si Thammarat Province in Southern for smart water management in prawn farms
Thailand, local fishermen can sell river prawns offers a new solution for fishermen to monitor
at prices as high as 110–140 baht per kilogram and control water quality data, providing
for sizes of 35–40 prawns per kilogram, while convenience and saving time [4,10]. This
sizes of 5–7 prawns per kilogram can fetch research aims to develop a prototype of a
prices of 500–600 baht per kilogram [3]. smart water management system to regulate
Consequently, local fishermen aim to enhance water quality, which significantly influences
the size of river prawns by rearing them in the growth of Pak panang giant freshwater
ponds after capturing them in natural water prawns in Southern Thailand. The prototype
sources. However, most prawn farmers rely on comprises a water quality monitoring system,
traditional methods to promote prawn growth, a water treatment and control system, and an
resulting in inefficiencies in terms of prawn IoT system. The objective is to rear wild-
quantity (survival rate) and quality (growth to caught freshwater prawns in the prototype
commercial size). To ensure the investment is pond, achieving a weight of 200–300 g per
worthwhile and yields high returns, farming individual, while studying the growth and
systems can be modified and enhanced with survival rate of the river prawns in this
technology to improve efficiency [3,4]. The controlled environment. Aquaculture involves
integration of technology to enhance the the cultivation of aquatic organisms in
efficiency of river prawn farming necessitates practices of freshwater and marine
an understanding of the factors influencing environments and can be done in controlled
prawn growth. Previous studies have environments or natural bodies of water.
highlighted the significance of dissolved Majorly in Andhra Pradesh many farmers
oxygen (DO), pH, and temperature in prawn depend on aquaculture mainly on prawn
farming [5–8]. Giant freshwater prawn farmers cultivation. In prawn farming farmers choose a
can benefit from utilizing sensor technology to piece of land useful for cultivation and divide
monitor environmental parameters such as the land into parts named ponds and make
DO, pH, and temperature. The sensor system them suitable for cultivating using water, soil,
electricity, some machinery. The final output electricity problems etc..Water management ,
mostly used for our consumption and in some Health management and Food management are
medical use. During this process farmers go necessary to overcome these problems and
through mainly problems such as water quality leads to prawn health and farmer wealth.
issues, diseases, environmental impact,

Fig. 1: Block diagram of automatic chemical dosing system

Android Mobile: This module is used to keep track of

This is the user interface where you'll real-time. It can be used for various
control the robot. It communicates purposes, such as scheduling tasks or
with the Bluetooth module. displaying the current time on the
Bluetooth Module: LCD.
This module acts as a bridge between Overall, the flowchart shows how the
the Android mobile and the Arduino components interact to control the
Uno. It receives robot.
Arduino Uno: User Input:
This control signals from the mobile The user sends commands from the
and transmits them to the Arduino. Android mobile.
microcontroller is the brain of the Bluetooth Communication:
robot. It receives control signals from The Bluetooth module transmits the
the Bluetooth module, processes commands to the Arduino.
them, and sends instructions to the Arduino Processing:
relay and RTC module. The Arduino processes the commands
Relay: and decides how to control the robot.
This electronic switch is used to Relay Activation:
control the electric motor. The Arduino The Arduino activates or deactivates
sends a signal to the relay, which then the relay to control the electric motor.
activates or deactivates the motor. Robot Movement:
Electric Motor: The electric motor drives the robot
his motor is responsible for driving the based on the relay's state. This
robot. It receives power from the relay flowchart provides a clear overview of
and converts it into mechanical energy the system architecture and helps in
to move the robot. understanding how each component
RTC Module: contributes to the overall functionality
of the Bluetooth controlled robot.[14]
Aquaculture shrimp farming has seen growth field effects have been the basis for the
in technology deployment intended to control development of actuator systems.[10]
and manage the facilities towards a more evaluated the behaviour of Pacific white
sustainable production efficiency [8]. Pacific shrimps when subjected to artificial magnetic
White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one fields. To this end, magneto biology
of the most cultivated species worldwide [5]. investigates the effects of magnetic fields on
For instance, the species adapts easily to living beings [19]. The study of magnetic
different environmental conditions in terms of phenomena in living beings has its first report
water temperature, pH, and salinity. The in the 17th century [1]. [10] using Helmholtz
technology applied to such systems is coils, proved the reduction of activity of
emerging and potential for biomass shrimp immersed in 0.16mT magnetic fields.
production and animal health control. Animal However, such studies have limitations due to
excrement and waste generate ammonia the controversial health issues of constant
which inhibits animal growth and contributes exposure of living beings to electromagnetic
to the emergence of diseases [14]. BFT fields [21]. Automation and computing have
(Biofloc Technology) systems enable control been increasingly used to control physical-
of ammonia production, thus easing the chemical variables within aquaculture
challenge. BFT system generate protein-rich production sites. For example, automatic pH
food by adding carbon to nitrogenous control, temperature, and dissolved oxygen
compounds. They enable high stocking levels ensure satisfactory shrimp growth
densities, reduce drastically the amount of rates. It also improves the quality of
water needed for cultivation and provide a cultivation systems and provides greater
higher conversion rate into final biomass biomass in harvesting. Robotic systems
[17]. However, BFT systems prevent the coupled with computer vision cameras can be
practical implementation of computer-vision used in the optimization of aquaculture
technologies since it drastically affects water processes. However, capturing reliable
turbidity and amount of suspended particles. underwater images remains asignificant
Aquaculture farms usually aims in achieving challenge due to poor visibility conditions,
high biomass values. Therefore, the weighting dif-ficulties in deploying the sensors,
process is an essential step to verify the suspended particles, and light scattering.
process performance. As the state-of-art, this Also, monitoring aspects vary over time and
measurement is made by weighting a sample space, making it difficult to identify feasible
percentage of animals manually as reported in technological solutions for all scenarios.
the literature [4], [13]. Hence, automatic Lighting equipment has been developed and
approaches may be explored to improve customised to support computer-vision
aquaculture farms operations. Robotic systems within underwater applications.
solutions have supported marine animal However, its influence on the cultivated
husbandry systems. For instance, computer organisms is usually neglected. Lighting
vision approaches equipped with Artificial effects on shrimps varies according to growth
Intelligence (AI) have been applied in stages and species. For example, the larvae of
aquaculture to count [3] and estimate the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium
biomass of shrimps [22] and fish [16]. Vision- rosenbergii) areattracted by lighting and are,
based techniques have also monitored crop thus, considered positively phototactic [12].
quality, as well as animal health [20]. The new robotic systems design for
Migratory processes guided by geomagnetic aquaculture appli- cations should consider its
effects on cultivated organisms and animal underfeeding which will result in too little
behaviour under different conditions. The feed provided, leaving fish hungry and
combination of computer-vision techniques, malnourished. And on the other hand,
lighting systems,artificial magnetic fields and overestimation will result in overfeeding
their influence over aquatic organisms may which can result in waste, overloading the
optimise and enable effective robotic systems water filtering system further increasing the
with minor negative impacts in aquaculture production costs [4]. Currently, the main
systems. This work sheds some light on this practice is to estimate fish biomass through
question proposing a robotic actuator system, manual sampling and statistical propagation
named RBAS, that is capable of attracting to the population within the tank. Not only is
shrimps towards an image acquisition cage at this very labor-intensive and time consuming,
low speeds. Computer vision techniques but also the physical manipulation is highly
benefit tremendously from such an animal stressful to the fish[5]. Non-intrusive
(Pacific White Shrimps Litopenaeus vanname methods, suchas the one proposed in this
i) exposure control. This work paves the way paper, can lead to more precise and frequent
for technology-oriented aquaculture that measurements of biomass values, resulting in
fulfils the growing demand better monitoring and increased efficiency of
for marine animals. Between 1961 and 2017, farm operations. Additionally, these methods
global fish consumption increased at an allow closer monitoring of fish development
average annual rate of 3.1 percent and is and growth. Most of the earlier attempts to
further projected to rise by 18% between achieve automated biomass estimation using
2018 and 2030 [1]. With the continuous machine vision methods were based on
depletion of global fish stocks due to visible light. A typical machine vision system
excessive predatory capture, aquaculture is consists of image acquisition, image
one of the fastest-growing food sectors and processing, and statistical analysis
has enjoyed over 6-fold increase in procedures. The monocular camera or stereo
production between 1990 and 2018 [1]. To vision system based on visible light offers
continue meeting this increasing demand, visual information at the pixel level, and
more technologies for aquaculture will be quantitative information can be extracted and
required and enhanced operational efficiency analysed from digital images for object
through innovative solutions will be recognition. This approach was applied in
necessary. Fish biomass estimation is an studies such as [6],[7]. Acoustic waves can
important and common practice in travel much longer distances through the
aquaculture. It is used to calculate and water compared to visible light [8]. They are
optimize daily feeding, control stocking therefore well suited for remote underwater
densities, and determine the optimal time for detection and object identi- fication. With the
harvesting. Quantitative estimation of fish improvement of acoustics technologies, its
biomass forms the basis of scientific fishery application as a remote sensing tool has
management and conservation strategies for rapidly increased. For instance, acoustics has
sustainable fish production [2]. Accurate been widely used in several areas such as
estimation of biomass is crucial to provide spatio-temporal distribution behaviours [9],
right amount of feed, as aquaculture feed [10], species detection [11], [12], and fish
accounts for more than 60% of total operating stock assessment without disturbing or
costs[3]. Underestimation of biomass leads to causing minimal stress to fishes.[2]

LITERATURE REVIEW:

Carp, tilapia, and shrimp are the most domestic and international demand for aquatic
commonly cultured aquatic animals in meeting animal food and contributing to the local and
national economies. These species groups prawn farmers that there is a stagnant TP
accounted for nearly 50 % of the total growth in ponds, the reason is the predominant
production of farmed aquatic animals in 2018. sensitivity factor in TP. For thisreason, they
Globally, carp remains the most important need indemnification of thirteen factors with
group of farmed aquatic animals, both in terms natural resources to get the plausible results to
of quantity and total value. Carp are produced get calmness in their lives. This study will
traditionally for domestic consumption but solely focus on the TP growth model, and the
play an insignificant role in international trade. monitoring effect will beestablished by the
Globally, tilapia is one of the most popularly Artificial Intelligence algorithm. This study
farmed aquatic animals. Production of cultured will employ the AHP, 0-1 scaling method, data
tilapia increased rapidly between 1998 and curation techniques, and ecological statistics.
2018, making it the second-most important The life of Tiger Prawn (TP) depends upon
group of farmed aquatic animals by quantity. these factors mainly, a) Physical and b)
Tilapia has become an important Chemical parameters. Physical parameters
internationally traded aquaculture commodity, contain environment (E) provided to TP like
although the majority of its production is still season (S) and temperature (T) etc. whereas
consumed domestically. Shrimp has a the quality of Ammonia NH3 (N) from fish
relatively high market value and between 1998 waste, Oxygen level (O), and water quality
and 2018, the general trend in production of hard & soft (W) lies in chemicals domain. This
farmed shrimp has been upwards. Unlike carp research will Elucidate the factors which cause
and tilapia, farmed shrimp are primarily conceptual muddles in the aquamarine life of
destined for the international markets. Shrimp TP, for this reason, Statistical tools will assess
exports followed a general growth trend the current result, forecast the gap. AHP will
between 1997 and 2017. Production of farmed analyze the domain inputs, circumspect
carp and tilapia will continue to grow, largely ramification which will depict visceral
because of their importance in national food factors,later results depict which pond suits the
security and nutrition. Increasing incomes and TP. In curtail, these factors will be curbed to
improving living standards are likely to improve the growth of TP in a control
increase the demand for shrimp both conditioned environment. [5]
domestically and internationally. However,
although both production and international In this study, a trial was conducted to use
trade of shrimp are expected to continue to whole cell microalgae Porphyridium sp and
grow, they may face uncertainties related to Porphyridium aerugineum as an alternative
limiting factors such as natural resource material for preventing Vibriosis. This study
constraint and climate change.[8] used three treatments with three replications
each. Treatment A was Control without
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a versatile term microalgae administration, Treatment B was
that is a conclusive remedy to solve the given Porphyridium aerugineum and treatment
problem using past rational data after deep C was given Porphyridium sp. The microalgae
contemplation using these terms i-e basic were given inZoea1, Mysis1, PL 2, PL 6, and
statistics, carving data, familiarity with PL 10 phases with the density of microalgae at
common AIalgorithms. Seafood especially the time of stocking was 105 - 106 cells/mL.
tiger prawn export as a business will provide Larval rearing was carried out for 19 days until
enormous foreign exchange to any country if Post Larva 12. The parameters observed were
the farmers overcome the correlated thedensity of microalgae in the rearing
vulnerabilities in prawn farming. This research container and the density of Vibrio bacteria.
is elucidating lacking in Tiger prawn (TP) Sampling for microalgae density observations
farming like curbing of Oxygen, pH, water was carried out every day from the zoea phase
temperature, and nutrients, etc. Moreover, 2 to PL 10. Sampling of bacterial density was
hatchery statistics in terms of juveniles will carried out at every phase change along with
depict this study's clear picture of curbed observing water quality parameters. At the end
aquaculture. For normative decisions, the of the fry rearing period (PL 12), a challenge
Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) is used. test was performed using V. parahaemolyticus
The problem which has been faced by local bacteria with a density of 107 CFU/mL.
Shrimp survival during the challenge test was calculation. Therefore, the obtained image
observed every day until the fifth day. In from the camera was processed in the
addition, the density of Vibrio bacteria was Raspberry PI 4 processor using various CNN
also observed. The results showed that the methods, i.e., Faster R-CNN ResNet50, Faster
administrationof P. aerugineum could suppress R-CNN ResNet101, and SSD MobileNetV2.
the population of Vibrio bacteria and the ratio The primary objective of this research to
of Vibrio bacteria to common bacteria was compare these three models. Based on the F1
better than the control. On the other hand, the score, it is found that ResNet101 achieved the
highest survival rate for shrimp was treated best performance in detection compared to the
with Porphyridium sp. After the challenge test, other two methods. However, this method
the bestsurvival results were also obtained in results in the longest executing time compared
the treatment with Porphyridium sp.[16] to Faster R-CNN ResNet50 and
SSD MobileNetV2.[10]
Shrimp farming activities in Brazil have
increased tremendously to complement natural In this paper, discussed about the critical roles
fishing. It motivates the applications aimed at are played by feed processing techniques in
controlling and managing shrimp farming aqua farming. However, some challenges have
systems. Computational and automation-based to be overcome for a perfectly level aqua
techniques provide the ground for a new farming. These are three parameters such as
generation of smart systems. To this end, Feed Management, Labor Management, and
computer vision systems can improve Power Management. A proper balancing of
cultivation processes by supporting biomass these parameters allows for continuous
generation and animal health monitoring. monitoring the aqua farming. This paper
Shrimp’s ecological niche is one of the most reviewed the various solutions for better
significant computer-vision obstacles in aquafarming along with their respective range
managing such systems due to turbid watery and specifications.[17]
habitat, nocturnal foraging, and rapid
displacement. The magneto tacticbehaviour of Shrimp culture habitat comprise parameters
shrimps becomes an alternative for "guiding" like temperature, humidity, soil composition,
the animals towards the field of view of a nutrification, biological oxygen demand,
camera. The present work proposes and chemical oxygen demand which are
discusses an Robotic Behaviour Actuator requirements of shrimp culture. Due to high
System (RBAS) for biomass estimation based price and demand, many farmers in coastal
on computer-vision techniques and behavioural region are shifting from vegetation to shrimp
control of Lithopone’s vannamei. The culture. Shrimp cultivation is encountered with
proposed system addresses layout design to abnormalities in temperature, soil composition,
consider animal behavioural reactions and BOD, COD, pH and complex problems like
welfare in long-term sustainable aquaculture. slow growth diseases, nutritional imbalances,
[11] pathogenic diseases can downfall yields of
cultivation. Both WSN and IoT revolutionized
Vannamei shrimp is the main commodity for through remote sensing with centralized
shrimp exports in Indonesia. One of the monitoring of agriculture, fisheries and
important processes in shrimp cultivation is the Industrial processing. This paper presents a
process of sowing the seeds. Among the crucial prototype design monitoring the shrimp culture
stages of shrimp farming, the initial step parameters like temperature, pH, DO, etc. The
involves purchasing shrimp seeds from prototype design will improve the practice of
nurseries before commencing the seeding conventional Shrimp culture by remote sensing
process. Currently, the most process of monitoring system and this would substantially
calculating shrimp seeds is still done manually, increase the yield of the shrimp. The prototype
leading to reduced efficiency and inadequate was implemented and tested by deploying in
accuracy. In this research, the authors propose pond for one day. The variation of parameters
an implementation of a shrimp seed counting is measured by using setting up a ThingSpeak
machine to enhance the manual counting channel. The results show that the system is
method. By utilizing a camera, the machine capable is monitoring the essential parameters
captured images of shrimp seeds to facilitate and any change in these parameters leading to
abnormal conditions in the pond can be easily efficiency of protein utilization included
communicated with the concerned protein content, protein efficiency ratio, amino
person through message.[12] acid profile, index and score of essential amino
acids of feed and experimental prawn. Data
In Aceh Province, tiger prawns (Penaeus analysis was done descriptively. The results
monodon) are one of the main commodities of showed that all parameters of growth
farmers for cultivation. Feed is one of the performance and efficiency of protein
factors that can support the development of utilization in tiger prawns reared in tarpaulin
tiger prawn culture. The quality feed is feed ponds using FAMBER were better than those
that contains essential nutrients in sufficient without FAMBER. Based on the results of the
quantities, one of which is protein. This study study, it was concluded that keeping giant tiger
aims to determine the effect of commercial prawns in a tarpaulin pond using a FAMBER is
feed with different protein content on the better than not using a FAMBER.[1]
growth and survival of tiger prawn fry. This
study used a completely randomized design Deep Learning plays a vital role in various
(CRD) method consisting of 3 treatments and 4 domains, spanning surveillance, agriculture,
repetitions, namely P1 (using 40% protein and healthcare. However, the current landscape
feed), P2 (using 35% protein feed), and P3 lacks comprehensive comparative studies,
(using 26% protein feed). The results showed underscoring the needs to explore various
that commercial feed with different protein convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for
content had an effect on active weight growth aquaculture industries. This study conducts a
and feed conversion ratio, but had no effect on comprehensive comparative analysis on state-
tiger prawn survival. Furthermore, the best ofthe-art object detection models to identify
protein content for the growth and survival of the most suitable approach for detecting
tiger prawn was obtained, namely 40%.[18] freshwater prawns, specifically in challenging
turbid and murky water conditions as there is a
The accumulation of organic matter at the lack of comparison studies for underwater
bottom of the pond greatly affects nutrient images of freshwater prawns. The evaluated
metabolism, feed efficiency, growth and models, including YOLOv8, Faster R-CNN
productivity in giant tiger prawn cultivation. (FRCNN), Single Shot Detector (SSD), and
One of the causes is improper pool bottom Efficient, are assessed based on the following
construction The purpose of this study was to metrics namely inference time, accuracy,
compare the growth performance and image cropping size, and model memory
efficiency of protein utilization in giant tiger footprint. Using a dataset comprising 2976
prawns consuming artificial feed supplemented manually collected images of freshwater
with multi-enzymes and reared in tarpaulin prawns, augmented to a total of 7148 images,
ponds constructed between not and using the our results demonstrate that YOLOv8
faecal chamber (FAMBER) or the space of outperforms its counterparts, achieving an
metabolic waste and consumption feed impressive mean Average Precision (Map)
(SOMECOF) at the bottom of the pond with a accuracy of 83.71% with an inference time of
recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). A 32.9 milliseconds. This positions YOLOv8 as a
tarpaulin pond with a diameter of 3 m and a dependable choice for real-time object
height of 100 cm filled with 80 cm of seawater. detection in challenging underwater
The tarpaulin pond is equipped with a environments and contributes to addressing the
transparent plastic roof, seawater and aeration limited research comparing YOLOv8 with
installation, and a filter in the water pump tank. other popular object detection algorithms,
The average body weight of the experimental thereby aiding model selection for similar
prawn used were 8-9 g. The feed given is pellet object detection applications.
type artificial feed supplemented with multi-
enzymes at a dose of 30 cc/kg of feed. The In this scholarly endeavour, we introduce a
frequency of feeding were four times a day, machine vision system tailored for counting
namely at 07:00; 12:00; 17:00 and 22:00 with a giant river prawn larvae within a water-filled
dose of 5%. The parameters measured were vessel. Our system exhibits the capacity to
growth performance including growth, perform real-time and image-based counting of
condition factors and feed efficiency, while the these organisms at a density of 500 individuals
per image, achieving an accuracy exceeding Excessive sunlight exposure can lead to
99.40%. This system offers a multitude of various minor skin disorders, including
distinct advantages over conventional counting sunburn and the development of chronic skin
methodologies, including rapid processing, malignancies. One effective preventive
high precision, and reduced labour demands. measure against these adverse effects is the
Furthermore, it stands as a non-invasive,
use of sunscreen. Sunscreen can be derived
nondestructive, and cost-effective solution for
counting, thus promising significant from natural sources, such as the astaxanthin
improvements in the field of giant river compound in giant tiger prawns (Penaeus
prawn aquaculture.[3] monodon). This study aimed to formulate a
sunscreen gel from giant tiger prawn head
Microbial colonization is an essential process extract that meets good physical gel
in the early life of animal hosts—a crucial standards. Additionally, the study sought to
phase that could help influence and determine
determine the sun protection factor (SPF),
their health status at the later stages. The
erythema transmission level (%TE), and
establishment of bacterial community in a host
has been comprehensively studied in many pigmentation transmission level (%TP)
animal models; however, knowledge on through in-vitro testing. The extraction
bacterial community associated with the early process involved using coconut oil as a
life stages of Penaeus monodon (the black tiger solvent using the maceration method. The
shrimp) is still limited. Here, we examined the resultant extract was then evaluated for SPF,
bacterial community structures in four life %TE, and %TP values and subsequently
stages (nauplius, zoea, mysis and postlarva) of formulated into gel variants with extract
two black tiger shrimp families using 16S concentrations ranging from 1% to 10%. The
rRNA amplicon sequencing by a next-
findings of this investigation revealed that the
generation sequencing. Although the bacterial
profiles exhibited different patterns in each giant tiger prawn head extract exhibited SPF,
developmental stage, Bacteroidetes, %TE, and %TP values of 8.0±0.11,
Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria and 18.8±0.25%, and 21.7±0.73%, respectively,
Planctomycetes were identified as common categorizing it as providing maximum
bacterial phyla associated with shrimp. protection, facilitating fast tanning, and
Interestingly, the bacterial diversity became acting as a sunblock. The gel formula
relatively stable once shrimp developed to containing 8% giant tiger prawn head extract
postlarvae (5-day-old and 15-day-old demonstrated the highest sunscreen potential.
postlarval stages), suggesting an establishment
In conclusion, this study highlights the
of the bacterial community in matured shrimp.
To our knowledge, this is the first report on promising potential of giant tiger prawn head
bacteriostat blishment and assembly in early extract as a natural sunscreen ingredient and
developmental stages of P. monodon. Our identifies the optimal gel formula for
findings showed that the bacterial effective sun protection. [3]
compositions could be shaped by different host
developmental stages where the interplay of World production of farmed crustaceans was
various host-associated factors, such as 7.8 million tons in 2016. While only making
physiology, immune status and required diets, up approximately 10% of world aquaculture
could have a strong influence.. weight shrimp. production, crustaceans are generally high-
The identified metabolites included those that value species and can earn significant export
were known to be produced by intestinal income for producing countries. Viet Nam is
bacteria such as butyric acid, 4- a major seafood producing country earning
indolecarbaldehyde and L-3-phenyllactic acid
USD 7.3 billion in 2016 in export income
as well as those produced by shrimp such as
acyl-carnitines and Lys phosphatidylcholine. with shrimp as a major commodity. However,
The functions of these metabolites were related there is a general lack of genomic resources
to nutrient absorption and metabolisms. [5] available for shrimp species, which is
challenging to obtain due to the need to deal
with large repetitive genomes, which that commercial feed with different protein
characterize many decapod crustaceans. The content had an effect on active weight growth
first tiger prawn (P. monodon) genome and feed conversion ratio, but had no effect
assembly was assembled in 2016 using the on tiger prawn survival. Furthermore, the best
standard Illumina PCR-based pair-end reads protein content for the growth and survival of
and a computationally-efficient but relatively tiger prawn was obtained, namely 40%. (4)
suboptimal assembler, SOAPdenovo v2. As a
result, the current P. monodon draft genome
Growth performance and efficiency of protein
is highly fragmented (> 2 million scaffolds
utilization in giant tiger prawn, Penaeus
with N50 length of <1000 bp), exhibiting only
monodon reared in tarpaulin pond with and
moderate genome completeness (< 35%
without faecal chamber. The
BUSCO complete single-copy genes). We
accumulation of organic matter at the bottom
sought to improve upon the recently
of the pond greatly affects nutrient
published P. monodon genome assembly and
metabolism, feed efficiency, growth and
completeness by generating Illumina PCR-
productivity in giant tiger prawn cultivation.
free pair-end sequencing reads to eliminate
One of the causes is improper pool bottom
genomic gaps associated with PCR-bias and
construction The purpose of this study was to
performing de novo assembly using the
compare the growth performance and
updated MaSurCA de novo assembler.
efficiency of protein utilization in giant tiger
Furthermore, we scaffolded the assembly
prawns consuming artificial feed
with low coverage Nanopore long reads and
supplemented with multi-enzymes and reared
several recently published deep Illumina
in tarpaulin ponds constructed between not
transcriptome paired-end sequencing data,
and using the faecal chamber (FAMBER) or
producing a final genome assembly of 1.6
the space of metabolic waste and
Gbp (1,211,364 scaffolds; N50 length of 1982
consumption feed (SOMECOF) at the bottom
bp) with an Arthropod BUSCO completeness
of the pond with a recirculating aquaculture
of 96.8%. Compared to the previously
system (RAS). [9]
published P. monodon genome assembly from
China (NCBI Accession Code: NIUS01), this
represents an almost 20% increase in the
overall BUSCO genome completeness that This research is elucidating lacking in Tiger
now consists of more than 90% of Arthropod prawn (TP) farming like curbing of Oxygen,
BUSCO single-copy genes. [8] pH, water temperature, and nutrients, etc.
Moreover, hatchery statistics in terms of
Aceh Province, tiger prawns (Penaeus juveniles will depict this study's clear picture
monodon) are one of the main commodities of curbed aquaculture. For normative
of farmers for cultivation. Feed is one of the decisions, the Analytical Hierarchical Process
factors that can support the development of (AHP) is used. The problem which has been
tiger prawn culture. The quality feed is feed faced by local prawn farmers that there is a
that contains essential nutrients in sufficient stagnant TP growth in ponds, the reason is the
quantities, one of which is protein. This study predominant sensitivity factor in TP. [8]
aims to determine the effect of commercial
feed with different protein content on the The accumulation of organic matter at the
growth and survival of tiger prawn fry. This bottom of the pond greatly affects nutrient
study used a completely randomized design metabolism, feed efficiency, growth and
(CRD) method consisting of 3 treatments and productivity in giant tiger prawn cultivation.
4 repetitions, namely P1 (using 40% protein One of the causes is improper pool bottom
feed), P2 (using 35% protein feed), and P3 construction The purpose of this study was to
(using 26% protein feed). The results showed compare the growth performance and
efficiency of protein utilization in giant tiger
prawns consuming artificial feed supplemented without FAMBER. Based on the results of the
with multi-enzymes and reared in tarpaulin study, it was concluded that keeping giant tiger
ponds constructed between not and using the prawns in a tarpaulin pond using a FAMBER is
faecal chamber (FAMBER) or the space of better than not using a FAMBER. [6]
metabolic waste and consumption feed
(SOMECOF) at the bottom of the pond with a World production of farmed crustaceans was
recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). A 7.8 million tons in 2016. While only making up
tarpaulin pond with a diameter of 3 m and a approximately 10% of world aquaculture
height of 100 cm filled with 80 cm of seawater. production, crustaceans are generally high-
The tarpaulin pond is equipped with a value species and can earn significant export
transparent plastic roof, seawater and aeration income for producing countries. Viet Nam is a
installation, and a filter in the water pump tank. major seafood producing country earning USD
The average body weight of the experimental 7.3 billion in 2016 in export income with
prawn used were 8-9 g. The feed given is pellet shrimp as a major commodity. However, there
type artificial feed supplemented with multi- is a general lack of genomic resources
enzymes at a dose of 30 cc/kg of feed. The available for shrimp species, which is
frequency of feeding were four times a day, challenging to obtain due to the need to deal
namely at 07:00; 12:00; 17:00 and 22:00 with a with large repetitive genomes, which
dose of 5%. The parameters measured were characterize many decapod crustaceans. The
growth performance including growth, first tiger prawn (P. monodon) genome
condition factors and feed efficiency, while the assembly was assembled in 2016 using the
efficiency of protein utilization included standard Illumina PCR-based pair-end reads
and a computationally-efficient but relatively
protein content, protein efficiency ratio, amino
suboptimal assembler, SOAPdenovo v2. As a
acid profile, index and score of essential amino
result, the current P. monodon draft genome is
acids of feed and experimental prawn. Data
highly fragmented (> 2 million scaffolds with
analysis was done descriptively. The results
N50 length of <1000 bp), exhibiting only
showed that all parameters of growth
moderate genome completeness (< 35%
performance and efficiency of protein
BUSCO complete single-copy genes). [7]
utilization in tiger prawns reared in tarpaulin
ponds using FAMBER were better than those
Conclusion :

Successful aqua farming requires a potential to meet global food demand

comprehensive approach that integrates sustainably while contributing to economic
proper nutrition, disease management, quality growth and environmental stewardship. By
housing, and the selection of suitable breeds. embracing technological advancements,
Sustainable aquafarming not only meets the adopting best practices in management, and
growing demand for prawns but also supports promoting responsible farming practices, the
the livelihoods of farmers and contributes to aquaculture industry can continue to evolve as
the overall aquacultural economy. a crucial pillar of agriculture. Addressing
Aquaculture, or aqua culture, represents a challenges through collaboration, research,
dynamic and essential component of global and policy support will be key to realizing the
food production and economic development. full benefits of aquaculture while mitigating
As a sustainable method of farming aquatic its impacts, ensuring a resilient and thriving
organisms, it offers numerous benefits and sector for future generations.
opportunities while presenting challenges that
require careful management and innovation.
In conclusion, aquaculture holds immense
Fig. 2: pawns producing system Fig. 3: pawns producing villages in Ap

a. West Godavari is the largest producer of Godavari and Gujarat, dominate the pawn
pawns, accounting for 30% of the total production in the state. This may be due to
production. factors such as favorable climatic conditions,
suitable soil types, or established pawn
b. Gujarat is the second largest producer, cultivation practices in these areas.[fig 2]
contributing 37% of the total pawns.

c. Krishna and Prakasam districts follow

closely with 36% and 29% respectively.

d. Tamil Nadu and East Godavari have a

smaller share of the pawn production,
each contributing 28% and 24%
respectively.

e. West Bengal is the least significant

producer, with only 18% of the total
pawn output.

Overall, the western regions of Andhra

Pradesh, particularly West
a. Red Sindhi is the most dominant breed, fry (Penaeus monodon). Acta
accounting for 35.1% of the total cattle Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences
population. Journal, 10(3), 216-220.
b. Gir and Katyavari are the next most
4. Marwa, A., Ekawati, N., & Hardian,
common breeds, with 17.6% and 14.1%
H. (2023). Efficacy of sunscreen gel
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infused with giant tiger prawn
c. Pungunuru and Deoni also have a (Penaeus monodon) head extract.
significant presence, each contributing Sciences of Pharmacy, 2(3), 122-134.
8.7% of the total cattle population.
5. Van Quyen, D., Gan, H. M., Lee, Y.
d. Kankrez and Shahiwaala have smaller P., Nguyen, D. D., Nguyen, T. H.,
shares of 5.2% and 3.5% respectively. Tran, X. T., Nguyen, V. S., Khang, D.
D., & Austin, C. M. (2020). Improved
e. Ongole and Kapila are the least
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represented breeds, each accounting for
prawn (Penaeus monodon).
3.5% of the total cattle population.
Marine Genomics, 52, 100751.
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role in the state's cattle population. [fig 3] *Journal Name*,*Volume*(Issue),
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