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Lesson 1.2 Functions and Their Graphs (Polynomial Functions)

Elementary Calculus very helpful

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10 views22 pages

Lesson 1.2 Functions and Their Graphs (Polynomial Functions)

Elementary Calculus very helpful

Uploaded by

nadeynngallo29
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Polynomial Function

Definition. A polynomial function of degree n is a function of the form

where n is a nonnegative integer, and , .

Synthetic Division
Definition. The process of division for polynomials in (or any other single
letter) can be greatly simplified if the divisor is in the form x being any
variable and a being any integer,
Example:
1. 2.
1. 2.
The Remainder Theorem
Definition. If is a polynomial and r is a real number, then, when
is divided by , we obtain as the quotient a unique
polynomial and as the remainder a real number R, such that for
all values of ,

If is a polynomial and a is a real number, then, if is divided


by , the remainder is .

Example:
1. 2.
1. 2.
The Factor Theorem and Its Converse

Let be a polynomial. If , where a is a real number, then,


is a factor of . Conversely, if is a factor of , then .
Example: Show that is a factor of .
The Zero/Roots of a Polynomial Function

Definition. A root/zero of the polynomial function is a value of the


variable , which makes the polynomial function equal to zero or .

Example:
1. 2.
1.
2.
Rational Zero Theorem
If where
are integers ( and (in lowest terms) is a
rational zero of , then is an integer factor of the
constant term and is an integer factor of the leading
coefficient .

Example:
1. 2.
1.
2.
Graphs of Polynomial Function
Definition. The graph of a polynomial function is smooth, that is, the
graph has no sharp corner. Moreover, the graph of a polynomial
function is continuous. This means that the graph has no holes or gaps.
Graphs of Polynomial Function
Theorem. If is a polynomial function, and is a real number for which
, then is an x-intercept of .

Theorem. If is a factor of a polynomial function , then is a


zero of multiplicity of .
Corollary: If is a zero of odd multiplicity, the sign of polynomial function
changes from one side of to the other side, and the graph of
crosses the x-axis at , otherwise is tangent to the x-axis at .
Graphs of Polynomial Function
Theorem. A polynomial function of degree 𝑛 has 𝑛 −1 turning points on its graph.

Example:
1. 2.
1. Step 3: Sketch the Graph

Step 1: Make a Table


Characteristic of Behavior of the graph
Roots Multiplicity
the multiplicity relative to the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠

Step 4: Table of Values


Step 2: Identify the Leading Term
𝒙
𝒚
2. (on previous example)

Step 1: Find the roots Step 2: Make a Table


Characteristic of Behavior of the graph
Roots Multiplicity
the multiplicity relative to the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠

Step 3: Identify the Leading Term


2. (on previous example)

Step 4: Sketch the Graph Step 5: Table of Values

𝒙
𝒚
3. (on previous example)
Step 1: Find the roots
3.
Step 2: Make a Table

Characteristic of the Behavior of the graph


Roots Multiplicity
multiplicity relative to the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠

Step 3: Identify the Leading Term


3.

Step 4: Sketch the Graph Step 5: Table of Values

𝒙
𝒚
4.

This will serve as an exercise!

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