5G Paper

Analysis of RF transceiver for 5G applications
L.Punitha*, Sathya Priya Sugumar, and P.H. Rao, Senior Member IEEE
SAMEER- Centre for Electromagnetics, Chennai
Abstract 2. Basic RF transceiver system

This paper introduces a new place for Band pass filter A typical configuration of a TDD based TRx system is
(BPF) in RF transceiver (TRx) system operating in Time shown in Figure 1. The Tx chain consists of a cascade of
Division Duplex (TDD) mode. The analysis is performed driver amplifier that conditions the input signal, a BPF
in the viewpoint of accommodating a huge number of operating at the desired frequency band, and a power
transceivers for 5G massive MIMO systems for base amplifier (PA) to boost the signal to a required level for the
station as well as user equipment. Location of the BPF in antenna to transmit. Similarly, the Rx chain consists of a
the transceiver is optimized by evaluating the overall low-noise amplifier (LNA) to increase the signal power to
system selectivity and out-of-band noise suppression. an appropriate level for detection, a BPF, a digital
Placing the BPF near to the antenna, before the T/R switch attenuator for adjusting the gain of the system, and an
has a significant impact on the overall transceiver amplifier (AMP) for signal conditioning. The antenna is
performance. This paper also highlights the improvement connected to the Tx and the Rx chain through a single pole
in the selectivity of the filter by cascading a two BPFs of double throw (SPDT) RF switch. In addition, a directional
very low cost and moderate specifications. Simulation coupler (DC) can be placed after the antenna for
results indicate that a better roll-off of about 30-40 dB is monitoring and calibration purposes.
achieved with two cascaded BPFs.
1. Introduction
According to 3GPP (release 15) standards, 5G NR (New
Radio) can operate in two frequency bands: FR1 and FR2
[1]. In this paper, a transceiver (TRx) operating in TDD
mode at 3.5 GHz (FR1 band) is chosen for analysis. A band
pass filter is one of the crucial components in wireless
transceiver (TRx) systems. The overall system specification
and Radio standards requirement are mostly covered by Figure 1. Basic RF Transceiver configuration.
Filter’s specification. In TRx system, filters play a major
2. A single BPF configuration
role in improving the selectivity of the receiver, rejecting
spurious harmonic noise generated within the system and Table 1 lists the commercial off the shelf components
also making the system more immune to unwanted radio (COTS) chosen for the analysis. The system level
signals. simulation was carried out in Advanced Design System
(ADS 2016.01) software using the s-parameter data
In existing TRx systems [2], the Tx and Rx chain contain available for the chosen components.
separate BPFs. In order to achieve good performance, the
overall system components should be selected in such a Table 1. COTS components used in the RF chain.
way that they are band-limited to the operating frequency
range. This leads to an increase in cost and size of the Components Vendor Part number
system. This limitation can be addressed by placing a single Directional coupler Anaren DC2337J5020AHF
BPF near the antenna and before the T/R switch. In this SPDT switch Analog Devices HMC8038W
configuration, a better selectivity can be achieved PA Analog Devices HMC409LP4E
irrespective of critical selection of other components in the BPF Johanson Technology 3600BP14M0600
system. The individual BPFs in Tx and Rx chain is Driver, AMP Mini-Circuits GALI-55+
eliminated and thereby the reduction in cost and size is LNA Mini-Circuits TAMP-362GLN+
achieved. In this paper, the system performance for a single Attenuator Analog Devices HMC1119
and two cascaded BPF configuration is investigated
through simulations. The return loss and the transmission
gain of the entire system are compared for different The response of the chosen filter (3600BP14M0600,
locations of the filter in the system. Johanson Tech.) is shown in Figure 2.
the BPF was placed at L2 and L3, the return loss at the
antenna port is influenced by the combined return loss of
other wide band components, such as DC and SPDT switch
along with BPF. The transmission gain plots are similar for
all the three cases, as shown in Figure 5(b) and 6(b). Hence,
the proposed location of the BPF eliminates the need of two
individual BPFs in the Tx and the Rx chain.
Figure 2. The filter response.
To start with the components were cascaded according to

Figure 1. Then different locations where the BPF can be
placed were chosen for analysis and are illustrated in
Figure 3. The three locations of the BPF are listed viz.
L1-Location1: Between the DC and SPDT switch.

L2-Location 2: At the PA output in Tx chain and at the
LNA input in Rx chain.
L3- Location 3: At the PA in Tx chain and at the LNA input
in Rx chain. (a)
Figure 3. Block diagram representing the different

locations of the filter in the RF chain.
Figure 4. illustrates the ADS schematic diagram used for

analysis, where the filter was placed in Location 1. The (b)
return loss at the antenna port and the transmission gain
Figure 5. A single BPF configuration - (a) Return loss
response for all the three locations were simulated and
(dB) at antenna port, (b) Transmitter gain (dB) for Tx chain.
compared.
Figure 4. S-parameter simulation setup for BPF in L1

using ADS software.
BPF at L1 shows a better band-limiting characteristics than

at other locations, as shown in Figure 5(a) and 6(a). When
(a)
(a)
(b)
Figure 6. A single BPF configuration - (a) Return loss (dB)

at antenna port, (b) Receiver gain (dB) for Rx chain.
3. Cascaded BPF configuration

In order to increase the selectivity of the system, two BPFs
were cascaded and placed at different locations (L1, L2 and
L3) for analysis. Figure 6 shows the block diagram of this
configuration. The simulation procedure is similar to a
single BPF configuration as described in the previous
section.
(b)
Figure 7. Cascaded BPFs configuration - (a) Return loss

(dB) at antenna port, (b) Transmitter gain for Tx chain.
Figure 6. Block diagram representing the two cascaded

BPF configuration.
The results were compared with a single BPF placed at L1

location. Figure 7(b) and 8(b) shows that the selectivity of
the system is improved by 30-40 dB with cascaded BPFs.
The return loss at the antenna port for the cascaded BPF
configuration has a flat response in both the passband (3-4
GHz) and the stopband frequencies, as shown in Figure 7
(a) and 8(a).
(a)
(b)
Figure 8. Two BPFs configuration - (a) Return loss (dB) at

antenna port, (b) Receiver gain of Rx gain.
4. Conclusion
The effect of the placement of BPF in the 5G-RF
transceiver system was presented here. Based on the
results, placing the BPF at location 1 yields a very good
performance in terms of band limiting characteristics of the
overall system. Cascading two such filters in the same
location provides an increased selectivity of 30-40 dB
compared to a single BPF configuration.
5. Acknowledgements
The work is supported by the grant from Department of
Telecommunications, Govt. of India under Indigenous 5G-
End to End Test bed project.
6. References
1. “TS 138 104 - V15.2.0 - 5G; NR; Base Station (BS) radio
...”[Online].Available:https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/
138100_138199/138104/15.02.00_60/ts_138104v150200
p.pdf. [Accessed: 25-Oct-2018].
2. W. Eberle, Wireless Transceiver Systems Design.

Belgium: Springer, 2008.
3. M.N. ud din,“ Indoor RF link budget analysis and design

simulation of 2.4 GHz and 5.7 GHz dual band wireless
transceiver,” in Proc. Intl. Conf. on Communication
Technologies 2017, April19-27, Rawalpindi,Pakistan.

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Analysis of RF transceiver for 5G applications

Abstract 2. Basic RF transceiver system

Figure 2. The filter response.

To start with the components were cascaded according to

L1-Location1: Between the DC and SPDT switch.

Figure 3. Block diagram representing the different

Figure 4. illustrates the ADS schematic diagram used for

Figure 4. S-parameter simulation setup for BPF in L1

BPF at L1 shows a better band-limiting characteristics than

Figure 6. A single BPF configuration - (a) Return loss (dB)

3. Cascaded BPF configuration

Figure 7. Cascaded BPFs configuration - (a) Return loss

Figure 6. Block diagram representing the two cascaded

The results were compared with a single BPF placed at L1

Figure 8. Two BPFs configuration - (a) Return loss (dB) at

2. W. Eberle, Wireless Transceiver Systems Design.

3. M.N. ud din,“ Indoor RF link budget analysis and design

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