Scribd
Upload
17 views8 pages

WunbeiJoshua BioinformaticsAssignment

Uploaded by

joshuafadama62
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
17 views8 pages

WunbeiJoshua BioinformaticsAssignment

Uploaded by

joshuafadama62
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

NAME : WUMBEI JOSHUA

ASSIGNMENT.
QUESTION 1: Bioinformatics and Its Application: Define bioinformatics
and explain its importance in biological research. Provide two examples
of how genomics and bioinformatics can be applied in your field, such
as in healthcare, agriculture, or disease research.
Answers
Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that combines biology,
information technology, mathematics, and computer science to design
software tools to generate, store, access, analyze and interpret
biological data. It involves the use of computational tools and
techniques to handle large volumes of biological information, ranging
from DNA, RNA to protein sequence.
APPLICATION OF genomics and bioinformatics in the
healthcare.1111
1. Genomics and bioinformatics allow us to analyze large-scale genomic
data from pathogens, host organisms, and patients. By integrating
these datasets, we gain insights into disease mechanisms, host-
pathogen interactions, and potential therapeutic targets.
Bioinformatics and genomics help identify genes involved in drug
resistance and antigenic variations that helps in discovering new
treatment method.
2.We can use Bioinformatics applications to predict protein
structures and their functions based on their amino acid
sequences, which can help drug discovery and protein
engineering for example, bioinformatics tools can predict the 3D
structure of a protein molecule, which can help researchers
design drugs that target specific proteins involved in diseases
such as HIV,and cancer. By designing drugs that bind to
particular protein parts, researchers can develop targeted
therapies that are more effective and have fewer side effects.

QUESTIONS 2: Sequence Retrieval and Analysis


As demonstrated in the module 3 tutorial video, retrieve the genetic
sequence of any organism of your interest from the NCBI database.
Complete the following tasks:
Identify codons.
Translate the sequence into proteins.
Predict Open Reading Frames (ORFs).
Design primers. Include screenshots of your results in your report and
describe each step briefly.
ANS….
1.The partial sequence of Bacilus subtilis spp was downloaded from
NCIB data base.
2.A new folder was created in geneious software.
3.The sequence was then imported to geneious software.
4. Go to colors to select it for your nucleotide bases.
5.Translate it using translating tool in the software.
6.Each 3 nucleotide bases that code for amino acid is your codon.
From the results below the codons are,CAA,GTC,GAG,CGG,ACA etc
So from the diagram any 3 nucleotide bases that code for amino acid is
a codon.

Translation of amino acid into proteins


1.Download the sequence from NCIB.
2.import the sequence to geneious software
3.Click on translations
4click on translate in other to translate the amino acids to proteins
5.the diagram below shows the protein.

3.To predict open reading frame click on graph


Select protein coding prediction.
Click on live annotate and predict
Select Find ORFs. The image below show the result

Primer design
Import your sequence to geneious software
Click on design new primer
Select both forward and reverse and then click ok.It will show the result

Question 3
Comparative Genomics: This is a field of biological research in which the genome sequences of
different organisms (humans, mouse, and a wide variety of other organisms from bacteria to
chimpanzees) are compared. It could be a comparison between the same or different species or the
same specie but different strains as in the case of microbial organisms.

APPLICATIONS

Example 1: Human Health - Comparative genomics identified genetic similarities between humans and
model organisms (e.g., mice).Studying genetic mutations in mice helped understand human diseases like
cystic fibrosis.

• Comparative genomics is used to understand the evolution and diversity of bacterial and

viral pathogens that cause disease in humans and animals. This information can be used to

develop new treatments and vaccines to combat these pathogens.

• Comparative genomics is also used to study the evolution and ecology of microbial

communities in different environments, such as soil, water, and the human gut. This can

help us understand how microbes interact with each other and their environment, and

how they contribute to important processes like nutrient cycling and carbon fixation.

QUESTION 4.

Title: LASTZ alignment of 2 queries against E. coli

Method

1.Retrieve whole genome sequence [ WGS] data from NCBI Database.

2.The reference sequence and other sequence was downloaded from the data base
3.Import the whole genome into Geneious software.

4. click on align and assemble sequence.

5. click on percent symbol to display the statistics to see the similarities and percent difference.

The diagrams below show the result


DISCUSSING. Length: 4,641,652
Sequences: 1,899
Identical Sites: 3,660,570 (96.2%)
Pairwise % Identity: 97.2%
Ref-Seq Coverage: 81.9% (3,803,355 bp
THE percent difference =15%
The sequences was compared and genes like rhsB CDS Were found in the
reference sequence and not in other sequence.

You might also like